MREC_Massoud Amin-02-20-15_expanded_final
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This document summarizes the key findings of a 2014 survey of 77 US rural electric cooperatives on their smart grid initiatives and trends. The top benefits of smart grid for rural utilities are reduced restoration times, increased visibility and control of the grid, and analytics-based decision making. While costs are a significant challenge, most rural utilities have some smart grid efforts underway or planned, with automatic meter reading and advanced metering infrastructure being common projects. Integration of distributed energy resources and developing expertise in data analytics were also highlighted as challenges for rural cooperatives.
MREC_Massoud Amin-02-20-15_expanded_final
- 1. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. S. Massoud Amin, D.Sc. Director and Honeywell/H.W. Sweatt Chair, Technological Leadership Institute Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering University Distinguished Teaching Professor University of Minnesota Chairman, IEEE Smart Grid Chairman, Board of Directors, Texas Reliability Entity (TRE) Director, Board of Directors, Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO) 53rd Annual Rural Energy Conference Friday, February 20, 2015 Smart Grids: Impacts for the Rural Electric System * Support from EPRI, NSF, ORNL, Honeywell and SNL is gratefully acknowledged. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Context: US Energy Supply Since 1850 Author: Koonin Source: EIA 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1850 1880 1910 1940 1970 2000 Renewables Nuclear Gas Oil Hydro Coal Wood © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Transforming Society The vast networks of electrification are the greatest engineering achievement of the 20th century – U.S. National Academy of Engineering © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Power Grids Have Come Full Circle… Historically, grids developed as isolated systems that were managed and controlled locally These too could be viewed as microgrids Present day changes are made possible – • Changing economics • Dynamic Geopolitics • Improved Power electronics • Better information & communication technology • Mature renewable energy technologies… DC systems Mini grids (AC) Single Transmission Grid (HVAC) HVDC Island-able smart grids (microgrids)
- 2. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Regional Cooperation: Hybrid Networks Centralized & Microgrids Local/Nearby… Regional/National International/Faraway Decentralized Centralized Possible Transitional and Hybridization Options in a Wide Range of Assessed Scenarios: Short and Long term Strategies, Decision Pathways, ROI, Economic and Societal Objectives, Policies, and Disruptions (including dollars, watts, GHG emissions, risks/benefits – private and public) Depending on assessments noted herein, we: • Modernize, Retrofit, and Hybridize Legacy Infrastructure • Leap Frog for Isolated Localities or for Clean Slate Designs Local Microgr ids International Cooperation: Primarily Large Centralized Generation © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. U.S. Regulatory Reform and Utility 2.0 Efforts (source: The Energy Foundation) © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Utility of the Future: Initiative Status Utility Scope of the Utility of the Future Initiative Ameren Initial exploration/learning Duquesne Assessment & planning Duke Assessment & technology testing Xcel Policy engagement Portland General Electric Differentiated customer services re: BUGs Madison Gas & Electric Various differentiated customer services Puget Sound Grid storage Dominion Advanced grid modernization National Grid NY REV scope ConEdison NY REV scope Iberdrola US NY REV scope Other NY utilities NY REV scope OG&E Customer services and DR as a resource NV Energy Customer services and DR as a resource PG&E Range of CA activity related to grid modernization, DER integration and use as resource SDG&E Range of CA activity related to grid modernization, DER integration and use as resource SCE Range of CA activity related to grid modernization, DER integration and use as resource APS Utility investment in rooftop solar PV for customers Tucson Electric Utility investment in rooftop solar PV for customers Centerpoint Various customer market facilitation services shopping portal HECO Range of HI activity related to grid modernization, DER integration and use as resource Southern Just started © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Evolving smart grid policies in key states in the U.S., including NY and CA’s DR Planning proceedings. TX and HI are also bellwether states in terms of evolving policies (Source: Resnick Institute ) AB 327 Implementation Order No. 32053 E21 Initiative – Utility 2.0 REV Proceeding DPU 12 76 A Utility 2.0 Initiative Microgrid Initiative Governor Initiative Regulatory Proceeding/s Potential Regulatory Action IOU Solar PV Ownership
- 3. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Evolution of Smart Grid Programs at DOE and EPRI EPRI Common Information Model (CIM) for Energy Management Systems (EMS) EPRI Utility Communication Architecture (UCA) for Substation Automation EPRI IntelliGrid Architecture US NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Roadmap 1990 1995 2000 20102005 Smart Grid Demonstration Projects EPRI/DOD Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative (CIN/SI), including Self healing Smart Grid US DOE Gridwise and Modern Grid Initiatives © 2014 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. The Smart Grid: 17 Years in the Making • Self Healing Grid (May 1998 Dec. 2002) – 1998 2002: EPRI/DOD Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative (CIN/SI): – 108 professors and over 240 graduate students in 28 U.S. universities funded, including Carnegie Mellon, Minnesota, Illinois, Arizona St., Iowa St., Purdue, Harvard, MIT, Cornell, UC Berkeley, Wisconsin, RPI, UTAM, Cal Tech, UCLA, and Stanford. – 52 utilities and ISO (including TVA, ComEd/Exelon, CA ISO, ISO NE, etc..) provided feedback; 24 resultant technologies extracted. • Intelligrid (2001 present): EPRI trademarked • Smart Grid: Final name adopted at EPRI and DOE Adaptive Infrastructures • What is a Smart Self-healing grid? The term “smart grid” refers to the use of computer, communication, sensing and control technology which operates in parallel with an electric power grid for the purpose of enhancing the reliability of electric power delivery, minimizing the cost of electric energy to consumers, and facilitating the interconnection of new generating sources to the grid. • What are the power grid’s emerging issues? They include 1) integration and management of DER, renewable resources, and “microgrids”; 2) use and management of the integrated infrastructure with an overlaid sensor network, secure communications and intelligent software agents; 3) active-control of high-voltage devices; 4) developing new business strategies for a deregulated energy market; and 5) ensuring system stability, reliability, robustness, security and efficiency in a competitive marketplace and carbon constrained world. Definition: Smart Self-Healing Grid Source: Massoud Amin, “Toward a Secure and Smart Self-Healing Grid," presentation to the Strategic Science & Technology EPRI Research Advisory Committee (RAC), Tuesday, January 27, 1998 page 5 at http://massoud-amin.umn.edu/presentations/CINSI_01-27-1998_RAC.pdf Adaptive Infrastructures • What is “self healing”? – A system that uses information, sensing, control and communication technologies to allow it to deal with unforeseen events and minimize their adverse impact • Why is self healing concept important to the Electric Power Grid and Energy Infrastructure? – A secure “architected” sensing, communications, automation (control), and energy overlaid infrastructure as an integrated, reconfigurable, and electronically controlled system that will offer unprecedented flexibility and functionality, and improve system availability, security, quality, resilience and robustness. Definition: Smart Self-Healing Grid Source: Massoud Amin, “Toward a Secure and Smart Self-Healing Grid," presentation to the Strategic Science & Technology EPRI Research Advisory Committee (RAC), Tuesday, January 27, 1998 page 6 at http://massoud-amin.umn.edu/presentations/CINSI_01-27-1998_RAC.pdf
- 4. Adaptive Infrastructures “… not to sell light bulbs, but to create a network of technologies and services that provide illumination…” Smart Grid… “The best minds in electricity R&D have a plan: Every node in the power network of the future will be awake, responsive, adaptive, price-smart, eco-sensitive, real-time, flexible, humming - and interconnected with everything else.” -- The Energy Web, Wired Magazine, July 2001 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.07/juice.html © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Energy Independence and Security Act • Passed by U.S. Congress in 2007. • “It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity transmission and distribution system … that can meet future demand growth and to achieve each of the following, which together characterize a Smart Grid: 1. Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid. 2. Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber security…” © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Functionality Common themes: Efficiency Demand response Consumer savings Reduced emissions Technology Two way communication Advanced sensors Distributed computing Reliability Interconnectivity Renewable integration Distributed generation IEEE: “The term ‘Smart Grid’ represents a vision for a digital upgrade of distribution and transmission grids both to optimize current operations and to open up new markets for alternative energy production.” Wikipedia: “A Smart Grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology to save energy, reduce cost, and increase reliability.” FERC: “Grid advancements will apply digital technologies to the grid and enable real time coordination of information from both generating plants and demand side resources.” DOE: “A smarter grid applies technologies, tools, and techniques available now to bring knowledge to power – knowledge capable of making the grid work far more efficiently…” GE: “The Smart Grid is in essence the marriage of information technology and process automation technology with our existing electrical networks.” Smart Grid Definitions © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. M. Amin and P. Schewe, “Preventing Blackouts,” Scientific American, May 2007 Smart Self-Healing Grid
- 5. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Highly Instrumented with Advanced Sensors and Computing Interconnected by a Communication Fabric that Reaches Every Device • Engaging Consumers • Enhancing Efficiency • Ensuring Reliability • Enabling Renewables & Electric Transportation Smart Grid © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Enabling the Future Infrastructure integration of microgrids, diverse generation and storage resources into a secure system of a smart self healing grid Source: Interview with Massoud Amin, “Upgrading the grid,” Nature, vol. 454, pp. 570–573, 30 July 2008 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Anatomy of the Smart Grid © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. End-to-End Smart Grid Players/Opportunities
- 6. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. 2014 Rural Smart Grid Survey Report* • Challenges: – Many rural coops face a flat to declining customer base. – Customers have ever-increasing demands for improved communications and technologies. • Improving available technologies not only satisfies current customers, but can even attract more customers to rural areas… – However, new technologies come at a cost; and – How feasible are smart grid technologies for rural electric coops with dispersed customers and limited resources? * Survey of 77 U.S. rural electric coops. Sponsored by Honeywell, Zpryme and the Rural Smart Grid Summit (RSGS). Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014-rural-smart-grid-survey-report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Rural Smart Grid Initiatives: Trends Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Rural Smart Grid Initiatives: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities Key findings include: • Nearly all rural electric utilities have some sort of smart grid effort in place: – Most are at the planning and investigation phase (38%) – while others are deploying multiple applications (21%) – or at least have a formal strategy in place (16%) • In the longer term, smart grid remains a priority for nearly all rural utilities. For 53% it will be a moderate priority. • The top benefits for smart grid remained foundational benefits, including: – restoration time reduction (57%) – increased visibility and control (39%) – analytics-based decisions (42%) • Seven out of10 utilities are experiencing a positive impact from smart grid • About two-thirds of rural utilities are taking on AMR and AMI efforts • As rural utilities take on AMI, many of them have already reached the majority of their customers (57%) Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Rural Smart Grid Initiatives: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities (cont.) • Current AMI network functions in use include the basics, such as interval reads (60%) and voltage reads (47%) • Other functions are expected to grow in the coming years as utilities become more comfortable with meter data programs. – Many utilities are making smart grid programs part of their core operations (42%) • About two-thirds of rural utilities are taking on AMR and AMI efforts. • Respondents’ top three areas of expertise were technology and engineering (60%), grid technology (47%), and strategy and planning (46%). • Although rural consumers typically lag behind their urban counterparts in technology awareness, interest in home energy management has increased significantly for rural consumers from 4% in Oct. 2013 to 16% in Oct. 2014 Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014
- 7. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Rural Smart Grid Initiatives: Challenges • Nearly half of rural utilities do not have a plan for renewables. Those who do have plans, are considering both centralized and decentralized generation. Electric vehicles have not significantly impacted rural electric utilities • Opportunities for cloud-based and SaaS solutions are growing. Although more than half of rural utilities have yet to use these solutions, many others are beginning to dabble in them for AMI and data analytics • Even with opportunities of a smarter grid… The most significant challenge is cost, followed by concerns around technology maturity. • For technology, the biggest challenges facing rural electric utilities are handling distribution automation (36%) and systems integration (34%) • Companies are facing difficulties finding individuals with the skills needed to effectively take on data analytics (42%) and systems integration (40%) • Despite challenges, there is smart grid spending at rural electric utilities. In 2014 many companies spent up to $1M on smart grid technologies; the next 5 years will bring spending numbers closer to $5M or more. Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Consumer Trends by Technology © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. How Many Electric Customers Do You Have? Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. How Many Electric Customers Do You Have? Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014
- 8. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Areas of Expertise Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Current SG Deployment Status Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid Impacts Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Importance of Smart Grid in the Next 5 Years Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014
- 9. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Top Smart Grid Benefits Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Areas of Importance for Consumer Communications Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Most Important Smart Grid Applications Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Renewables and EVs
- 10. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Concerns About Data and Analytics Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 Adaptive Infrastructures Context: IT interdependencies and impact Source: Massoud Amin, “Toward a Secure and Smart Self-Healing Grid," presentation to the Strategic Science & Technology EPRI Research Advisory Committee (RAC), Tuesday, January 27, 1998 page 7 at http://massoud-amin.umn.edu/presentations/CINSI_01-27-1998_RAC.pdf Dependence on IT: Today’s systems require a tightly knit information and communications capability. Because of the vulnerability of Internet communications, protecting the system will require new technology to enhance security of power system command, control, and communications. Increasing Complexity: System integration, increased complexity: call for new approaches to simplify the operation of complex infrastructure and make them more robust to attacks and interruptions. Centralization and Decentralization of Control: The vulnerabilities of centralized control seem to demand smaller, local system configurations. Resilience rely upon the ability to bridge top down and bottom up decision making in real time. Assessing the Most Effective Security Investments: Probabilistic assessments can offer strategic guidance on where and how to deploy security resources to greatest advantage. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Examples of SG Technologies & Systems © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Paradigm Shift – Data at MN Valley Coop • Before smart meters – Monthly read – 480,000 data points per year • After smart meters – 15-60 minute kWh – Peak demand – Voltage – Power interruptions – 480,000,000 data points per year
- 11. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid: Tsunami of Data Developing New devices in the home enabled by the smart meter You are here. AMI Deployment Programmable Communicating Thermostat Come On line Distribution Management Rollout Mobile Data Goes Live RTU Upgrade GIS System Deployment OMS Upgrade Distribution Automation Substation Automation System Workforce Management Project Time AnnualRateofDataIntake 200 TB 400 TB 600 TB 800 TB Tremendous amount of data coming from the field in the near future paradigm shift for how utilities operate and maintain the grid © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid Protection Schemes & Communication Requirements Type of relay Data Volume (kb/s) Latency Present Future Primary (ms) Secondary (s) Over current protection 160 2500 4 8 0.3 1 Differential protection 70 1100 4 8 0.3 1 Distance protection 140 2200 4 8 0.3 1 Load shedding 370 4400 0.06 0.1 (s) Adaptive multi terminal 200 3300 4 8 0.3 1 Adaptive out of step 1100 13000 Depends on the disturbance © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Main Challenges to Smart Grid Deployments Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Technologies With the Biggest Challenges Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014
- 12. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 Smart Grid Skill Gaps in Existing Workforce © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 Legislation/Regulation Posing Challenges in Next 5 Years © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid Spending Patterns Source: http://etsinsights.com/reports/2014 rural smart grid survey report/#sthash.NxhUudXq.dpuf, November 2014 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Overview of my team’s projects at the UofM • Microgrids – U of M Morris campus project – UMore Park Project – Controller architecture – Resiliency – Dollars and watts Prices to devices – Storage and Renewables integration – Autonomous Microgrids – Big Data • Smart Grid U™ • MN Smart Grid Coalition (2008 11) /Governor’s Summit ‘14 • IEEE Smart Grid • Discussion Center for Smart Grid Technologies
- 13. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grids: What are we working on at the University of Minnesota? • Integration and optimization of storage devices and PHEVs with the electric power grid • Grid agents as distributed computer • Fast power grid simulation and risk assessment • Security of cyber physical infrastructure: A Resilient Real Time System for a Secure & Reconfigurable Grid • Security Analyses of Autonomous Microgrids: Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation of Failure Scenarios, and Development of Attack Resistant Architectures University of Minnesota Center for Smart Grid Technologies (2003 present) Faculty: Professors Massoud Amin and Bruce Wollenberg PhD Candidates/RA and Postdocs: Anthony Giacomoni (PhD’11), Jesse Gantz (MS’12), Laurie Miller (PhD’13), Vamsi Parachuri (part time PhD candidate, full time at Siemens), Sara Mullen (Phd’09) PI: Massoud Amin, Support from EPRI, NSF, ORNL, Honeywell and SNL Center for Smart Grid Technologies © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid Interdependencies Security, Efficiency, and Resilience Massoud Amin, Chairman Wanda Reder, Founding Chair Angelique Rajski Parashis, Project Manager IEEE PES Governing Board Meeting February 17, 2015 52 Collaboration Across IEEE 2014 Updates: - Met with 25+ IEEE Presidents and VPs in February 2014 (resulting in 9 partner societies), and 20+ IEEE Presidents and VPs during November 2014 IEEE Board Series - Possible new partners in 2015: PELS, IES, SMCS - Implemented six functional committees with work focused on: Marketing, Education, Standards, R&D, Publications, and Meetings & Conferences
- 14. IEEE Smart Grid Attracts the Best and Brightest in the Industry Industry Associations Academia Government IEEE Smart Grid Attracts the Most Influential Media and Analysts Technology & Mainstream Utilities Smart Grid Industry Analysts electronic design ~25% increase over December 2013 Position as a meaningful NEW marketing channel for IEEE Societies to tap into to promote their products and services LinkedIn Group: 26,000+ members Now, the largest Smart Grid related group! Twitter: 10,200+ followers Newsletter Subscribers: 14,200+ Most popular page on the IEEE Smart Grid portal with more than 102k page views in 2014 Technical Community Members: 6,100+ 2nd largest Technical Community in IEEE! 55 IEEE Smart Grid Growing Community: 56,500+ 56 IEEE Smart Grid Portal Gateway for IEEE Smart Grid content – 15,000+ visits per month – 1.4 million+ page views since 2010 – Visitors from more than 200 countries Landing point for visitors looking for Smart Grid-related information – Newsletter archives – Webinar archives – Standards information – Publications, conferences, videos and more Revamping website with a plan to move to Joomla 3.0 platform by June 2015! smartgrid.ieee.org
- 15. 57 IEEE Smart Grid Newsletter More than 14,200 subscribers Most popular page on the IEEE Smart Grid portal with more than 102k page views in 2014 Insightful articles published by leading Smart Grid experts from around the world – platform for IEEE Society exposure Special Issues November 2014: IEEE Computer Society January 2015: IEEE Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation Society March 2015: IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Society April 2015: IEEE Systems, Man & Cybernetics Society May 2015: IEEE Communications Society 58 Tentative 2015 Calendar: (1) Smarter Citizens for Smarter Cities with Roberto Saracco (January 29, 2015) – Completed! (2) Electric Vehicles and the Smart Grid – Part 2 with Lee Stogner (February 26, 2015) (3) Storage (Title TBD) with Imre Gyuk (March 19, 2015) (4) Title TBD with Ben Kroposki ( May 21, 2015) - Actively working to schedule one webinar per month until the end of 2015 Fun Facts: - Record-breaking 1,000+ Registrations for December Webinar with more than 500+ attendees! - Average Registration of 500 people per webinar with more than 300+ actual attendees! - “Past webinars page” is the second highest visited page on the IEEE Smart Grid portal -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - For Reference Please See: Conducted seven webinars in various Smart Grid related topic areas in 2014: (1) Technological Leadership, Local to Global Strategy with Massoud Amin (June 11, 2014) (2) The Nexus of the Smart Grid and the Internet of Things with Steve Collier (July 10, 2014) (3) Smart Grid: Concepts, Solutions, Standards, Policy, Recent Deployments and Lessons with John McDonald (August 14, 2014) (4) IEEE National Assessment of CVR: Preliminary Results from DOE’s SVR Initiative with Kelly Warner (September 11, 2014) (5) Putting a Value on Reliability: Iberdrola USA’s Distribution Automation Cost Benefit Analysis with Laney Brown (October 16, 2014) (6) Smart Vehicles and the Smart Grid with Lee Stogner (November 13, 2014) (7) Enabling Smart Grids: Energy Storage Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges with Lucia Gauchia (December 18, 2014) IEEE Smart Grid Webinars HIGHLIGHTS • First time joint event between IEEE and IEEMA in India • First time all IEEE-wide conference • IEEE Financial Co-Sponsors: • IEEE Power & Energy Society • IEEE Computer Society • IEEE Communications Society • IEEE Technical Co-Sponsors: • IEEE Smart Grid • IEEE Industrial Applications Society • IEEE Standards Association • IEEE SIGHT • IEEE Region 10 • Supported by three Ministries of Government of India Ministry of Power Urban Development Communications & IT • Supported by the Government of Maharashtra By the Numbers Conference Attendees: 300+ Occupied Exhibition Space: 3,000 sqm Exhibition Attendees: 10,000+ © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. The conference featured four parallel tracks: • H3O – Smart Home, Hospital, Hotel & Office • Microgrids, Rural Electrification and Renewables • Smart Cities • Humanitarian Impact of Smart Electricity
- 16. 61 Status Update: New products • IEEE Smart Grid Domains and Focus Ares – Near completion, release of final version scheduled for April 2015 • Survey of IEEE Smart Grid community completed – Overall, 75% satisfaction rate with IEEE Smart Grid products and services • IEEE Smart Grid eNewsletter Compendium – In progress, to be launched Q1 2015 • Paid ads in the IEEE Smart Grid eNewsletter - Currently selling ads, first ad sold and featured in the February issue! • Build out of volunteers in established functional area committees – In progress, met with 20+ IEEE Society Presidents during November 2014 Board Series who are interested in promoting IEEE Smart Grid within their communities • Strategic and Implementation Plans – In progress • IEEE Smart Grid Policy Technical Support Committee – Confirmed by IEEE Smart Grid Steering Committee Quadrennial Energy Review Support The U.S. government initiated a Quadrennial Energy Review (QER), following a Presidential Memorandum issued in January of 2014. As part of this effort, the U.S. DOE has requested IEEE to provide insights on a specific set of priority issues. • The IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) and the IEEE-USA organizations have led the IEEE response. • IEEE leaders engaged a large IEEE volunteer community, including IEEE PES Technical Committees, to support this initiative. • Each section addressed in the document addressed the DOE QER priority topics, including: 1. Effects of renewable intermittency on the electric power grid and the potential role of storage in addressing these effects 2. Utility and other energy company business case issues related to microgrids and distributed generation (DG), including rooftop photovoltaics 3. The technical implications for the grid (bulk and local distribution) of electric vehicle (EV) integration - and the timing you see as necessary to avoid having the grid status slow down any potential progress 4. The implications and importance of aging infrastructure and the options for addressing these challenges, including asset management 5. Recommendations for metrics for addressing Smart Grid issues, especially to help policy makers determine the importance and necessity of protocols 6. Skilled workforce issues • The IEEE has delivered to the DOE QER: • The summary report consisting of individual summaries for each topic, including key findings and recommendations. • The overall report with detailed information on each topic. This document has been extensively reviewed by the IEEE membership, IEEE PES Technical Committees, representatives from various industry organizations, utilities, RTOs, academia, and private companies. The IEEE team has incorporated those extremely valuable comments to the best of its abilities while assuring document consistency. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. IEEE Smart Grid http://smartgrid.ieee.org © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Short Summary: An IEEE Foundation Signature Program Est. 2014 (Formerly IEEE Community Solutions Initiative)
- 17. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Village Mission • Dedicated to incubating energy technology partnerships and advanced learning among people earning <$2/day • Based on unique community owned and operated entrepreneurial businesses plus community based accredited education models • Not a charity but sustainable, growing economy • Not just vocational training • “Learning beyond the light bulb” © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. IEEE Smart Village Summary SunBlazer I 2011 • Mobile 1.5kW Generator, lighting for 80 100 homes © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. 1.3B Worldwide Lack Access to Electricity Millions: IEA 2014 World Energy Outlook Africa 587 M East Asia 182 M South Asia 493 M © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Macro Areas and Clusters for Best Practices
- 18. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Local Solutions: Social engagement, entrepreneurs, O&M Financing: Low cost, impact / patient capital Technology: Hybrid, Storage, Collection What is required? Join the IEEE Smart Grid Community smartgrid.ieee.org FOLLOW US: twitter.com/ieeesmartgrid JOIN US: linkedin.com/groups/IEEE-Smart-Grid © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Objective 1: Minimize aggregate customer outage cost Objective 2: Minimize capital cost of storage systems Multi-Objective Optimization Model © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Prioritizing Emergency Backup Service SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS Voltage (kV) 4.16 Number of Loads 85 Peak Load 3490 kW at 0.88 PF Number of Customers 513 Large C&I Customers 10 Medium C&I Customers 62 Residential Customers 441 123 IEEE Test Feeder Model Small C&I Large C&I Simulated Outage • 120 minute outage on bulk power system • 1500 kWh backup storage at distribution substation (node 150) • Loads selectively served for outage ride through LOADS SERVED Customer Outage Costs (2008$) Large C&I Med C&I Res. Total Loads Served No Storage 95,900 98,260 3,550 197,710 0 With Storage - All Loads 88,610 91,400 3,390 183,450 All 85 With Storage - Selective Service 35,900 84,980 3,550 124,430 19
- 19. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Feeder Reconfiguration/Intentional Islanding Outline • System divided into sub- networks joined by controllable switches • The fault is isolated for a given outage situation • Non-faulted sub- networks are intentionally islanded to supply back- up service to local loads Simulation • Perform Sequential Monte-Carlo simulation to simulate outages • Determine optimal locations to place storage elements © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Energy Storage for C&I Applications * Rastler D., Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options – A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs and Benefits , EPRI, 2010 Energy Storage for Commercial and Industrial Applications Maturity Capacity (kWh) Power (kW) Duration (hrs) Efficienc y (%) Cycle Life (cycles) Total Cost ($/kW) Cost ($/kW-h) Advanced Lead-Acid 1 Demo- Commercial 5000 1000 5 85 4500 3000 600 Advanced Lead-Acid 2 Demo- Commercial 1000 200 5 80 4500 3600 720 NaS Commercial 7200 1000 7.2 75 4500 3600 500 Zn/Br Flow 1 Demo 625 125 5 62 >10000 2420 485 Zn/Br Flow 2 Demo 2500 500 5 62 >10000 2200 440 Vanadium Flow Demo 1000 285 3.5 67 >10000 3800 1085 Li-Ion Demo 625 175 3.5 87 4500 3800 1085 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Objective 2: Minimize Energy Costs Single Customer Multi-Objective Optimization Model Objective 1: Minimize Outage Costs Objective 4: Minimize Capital Costs Objective 3: Minimize Demand Costs © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Multi-Application Energy Storage Approach: Partition energy storage capacity according to application BESS Total kWh capacity Emergency Backup Energy Management Remaining kWh Power Factor Management
- 20. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Voltage Profiles Normal Operation: 1.04 – 0.98pu voltages Priority Ride Through: 1.04 – 0.99pu voltages © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Distribution Reliability Analysis © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Feeder Main Reliability Analysis © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Optimal Mix and Placement No. Units Selected BESS Selected Location Capital Cost Added Savings Annual Outage Costs Payback Period 0 None $ 0 $ 1,435,814 1 Zinc Bromine 1 M4 $ 303,125 $ 285,776 $ 1,150,038 1.06 years 2 Zinc Bromine 1 M4 $ 606,250 $ 207,749 $ 942,289 1.23 years 3 Zinc Bromine 1 M4 $ 909,375 $ 224,758 $ 717,531 1.27 years 4 Zinc Bromine 1 M4 $ 1,212,500 $ 225,395 $ 492,136 1.29 years 5 Zinc Bromine 1 M3 $ 1,515,625 $103,449 $ 388,687 1.45 years Index M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 Total Cust. 200 85 44 72 112 Cust. Served 0 0 4 35 0 SAIDI: 3.93 (down 0.44) SAIFI: 5.90 (down 0.66) CAIDI: 1.5 (same)
- 21. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid U™ • Goal: transform the University of Minnesota’s Twin Cities’ campus into a SmartGridU. – Develop system models, algorithms and tools for successfully integrating the components (generation, storage and loads) within a microgrid on the University of Minnesota campus. – Conduct “wind tunnel” data driven simulation testing of smart grid designs, alternative architectures, and technology assessments, utilizing the University as a living laboratory. – Roadmap to achieve a “net zero smart grid” at the large scale community level – i.e., a self contained, intelligent electricity infrastructure able to match renewable energy supply to the electricity demand. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid U™ • Control algorithms and interfaces for turning individual energy components (storage, generation and loads) into an integrated, optimized energy system. – E.g., demand surface plots of raw data for demands, emissions, & efficiency 01Jun 03 June 2003 06 Jun 03 11Jun 03 16 Jun 03 21Jun 03 26 Jun 03 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 M W D at e Time of Day 14.0-16.0 12.0-14.0 10.0-12.0 8.0-10.0 6.0-8.0 4.0-6.0 2.0-4.0 0.0-2.0 Next steps: demonstrate ability to integrate renewables/storage, cogeneration and achieve NZE status. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. UM-Morris Potential Smart Grid projects • Location: Morris, MN • Size: 1,800 student residential campus • Energy Sources: – Biomass gasification plant – Solar thermal panels – Solar photovoltaic system – Two 1.65MW wind turbines (provides ~70% of campus s electricity needs) • Load 300,000-750,000 kWh/month
- 22. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Going Carbon Negative… UM Morris Net Energy Balance (20,000) (10,000) - 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year EnergyBalance,MWh (4,000) (2,000) - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 NetCO2(Eq)Footprint, MetricTons Net Campus Energy Balance, MWh Campus Purchased Fossil Fuel + Elec use, MWh Net Campus CO2 Footprint, Metric Tons © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. University of Minnesota - Morris Otter Tail Power Company BESS CURRENT SYSTEM PROPOSED SYSTEM Otter Tail Power Company Pgen = 2 x 1.65 MW Wind Turbines Pload = 1.5 MW Peak © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. UMMorris – Typical Week in 2011 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. DR: Total Cost Savings y = 0.2542x + 12.969 y = 0.3769x + 12.969 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Savings(%) Load Managed (%) Cost Savings From Energy Conservation, Time of Day Pricing, and Load Management Shift load to next lowest price period Shift load to lowest price period
- 23. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. DR: Total Cost Savings (cont.) Load Managed (%) Savings ($) Savings (%) Load Shifted to Next Lowest Price Period 10 51,398 15.5 20 59,823 18.1 30 68,247 20.6 40 76,671 23.1 50 85,096 25.7 Load Shifted to Lowest Price Period 10 55,463 16.7 20 67,952 20.5 30 80,442 24.3 40 92,931 28.0 50 105,420 31.8 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid Assessment for UMore Park © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid assessment for UMore Park Can the application of smart grid technologies, and more broadly, smart systems provide a better method and designs for managing the energy needs of the community? Massoud Amin and his team of graduate MOT assistants, Eric Bohnert, Andrew Fraser, Hope Johnson and Shanna Leeland © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. UMore Park: Smart Grid Technologies for Homes • Photovoltaic inverters • Smart meters, in home displays • Grid ready appliances • Electric vehicle power charging station • Battery storage backup • Estimated costs: $10,670 to $27,190 per home • About 4 5% of total cost
- 24. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. UMore Park: District Energy and Smart Grid Options © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Smart Grid U™ • Lessons learned and key messages: – Consider all parts together (Holistic Systems approach) – Focus on Benefits to Cost Payback – Remove deficiencies in foundations – The University as a Living laboratory – Education and Research Implement new solutions • Consumer engagement critical to successful policy implementation to enable end-to-end system modernization • If the transformation to smart grid is to produce real strategic value for our nation and all its citizens, our goals must include: – Enable every building and every node to become an efficient and smart energy node. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Microgrids: Total Microgrid Capacity by Region, World Markets (Navigant Research, 2013) Total Microgrid Capacity by Segment, World Markets © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Price of Energy Services Provided by Energy Fuels and Technologies Microgrids deliver benefits through cost savings relative to lower quality energy fuels and technologies. In Haiti, for example, rural house holds spend an average of $10/month on kerosene and candles, and an additional $4/month on cell phone battery charging (EarthSpark International, 2009). In Bangladesh, rural families use approximately half a liter of kerosene every night for lighting, which amounts to $11/month (Sovacool and Drupady, 2012). These high costs are reflective of the importance of lighting and phone charging services, and the exorbitant prices of each. Those prices work out to approximately 20 45 $/kWh for kerosene lighting on a CFL and LED equivalent basis, respectively and 60 115 $/kWh for cell phone charging depending on the size of the phone battery. Microgrids, when combined with efficient end use technologies – deliver these services at far lower prices, as shown:
- 25. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Examples of a few tools/templates for your use © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Short term Moves Strategy Who What How When Cost Short-term focus is addressing high risks, or defining the market niche and addressing its early needs BS = Business Strategy CS = Corporate Strategy IS = Innovation Strategy GS =Government Strategy Strategy/Move Who What/Why How When Cost/Risk BS = Business Strategy CS = Corporate Strategy IS = Innovation Strategy GS =Government Strategy © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Long term Moves Long-term focus is satisfying strategic security (or customer) needs and reducing vulnerabilities (or expanding niche market for corresponding products) Strategy/Move Who What/Why How When Cost/Risk BS = Business Strategy CS = Corporate Strategy IS = Innovation Strategy GS =Government Strategy © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Risks Risk Prob Impact Mitigation Plan M M M H M M L M H H Probability L = < 20% H = > 50%
- 26. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. The R-W-W Screen Is It Worth Doing? Will the product be profitable at an acceptable risk? •Are forecasted returns greater than costs? •Are the risks acceptable to all stakeholders? Does launching the product make strategic sense? •Does the product fit with our overall growth strategy (and core competencies)? •Will top management support it? Can We Win? Can the product be competitive? •Does it have a competitive advantage? •Can the advantage be sustained? •How will the competitors respond? Can our company be competitive? •Do we have superior resources? •Do we have appropriate management? •Can we understand and respond to market dynamics? Is it Real? Is the market real? •Is there a need or desire for the product? •Can the customer buy it? •Is the size of the potential market adequate? •Will the customer buy the product? Is the product real? •Is there a clear concept / value proposition? •Can the product be made? •Will the final product satisfy the market? George Day, “Is it real? Can we win? Is it Worth Doing? Managing risk and reward in an innovation portfolio.” Harvard Business Review, Dec. 2007 © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. Dr. S. Massoud Amin http://tli.umn.edu Email: amin@umn.edu http://massoud amin.umn.edu/ http://www.LinkedIn.com/in/massoudamin @Massoud_Amin smartgrid.ieee.org © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization. © 2015 No part of this presentation may be reproduced in any form without prior authorization.