MSc Presentation V2
- 1. Developing polymer composites using waste and recycled materials Name: Amit Kumar Rana Matriculation number: 40135619 Supervisor: Dr. Mike Barker
- 2. Research • Blending three (epoxy resin, recycled rubber particles and powdered glass fibre) non-compatible materials into a homogenous mixture • Investigating the potential filler • Developing the formulation which could exhibit the required properties according to the British Standard BS EN 124-1994.
- 3. BS EN 124-1994 Group 1 min class A15 Group 2 min. class B125 Group 3 min. class C250 Group 4 min. class D400 Group 5 min. class E600 Group 6 class F 900 Pedestrians and pedal cyclists. Footways, pedestrian areas, car parks or car parking decks. In the area of kerbside channels of roads. Carriageways of roads Docks and aircraft pavements. aircraft pavements
- 4. Materials • Epoxy resin (bisphenol-A-epichlorhydrin) • Slow hardener • Recycled Rubber crumb (2mesh, 6mesh, 8mesh, 12mesh, 16mesh) • Coupling agents (vinyltrimethoxysilane) • Recycled Glass Fibre (18mm (shredded) to 1700microns (M10) to 375microns (M40) )
- 5. Description of the Formulations used Epoxy Resin (g) Slow Hardener (g) Rubber (g) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (g) Glass fibre (g) Formulation 1 45.8 10 3 (8 mesh) 1.2 0 Formulation 2 45.9 10.1 0 0 14 Formulation 3 53.4 11.7 3.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 0 Formulation 4 41.9 9.2 3.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 14 Formulation 5 50.5 11.1 3.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 3.5 Formulation 6 47.6 10.5 3.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 7 Formulation 7 36.2 8.0 3.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 21 Formulation 8 33.3 7.3 7 (16 mesh) 1.4 21 Formulation 9 30.4 6.7 10.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 21 Formulation 10 30.4 6.7 14 (16 mesh) 1.4 17.5
- 6. Variables Controlled variables • The percentage of coupling agent was constant at 2%wt. • Temperature Independent variable • Recycled rubber crumb content • Glass fibre content Dependent variable • Mechanical properties • Tensile test, Charpy Impact test, 3-point bend test
- 7. Procedure Preparation of mixture according to the formulation Step 1 Poured mixture into the moulds Step 2 Preparation and testing of Test samples Step 3 Analyse Results Step 4
- 8. Tensile Test Results Material composites Tensile modulus MPa Tensile strength MPa Elongation at T.S. % Stress at break MPa Strain at break % Epoxy 711 52.5 9.9 40.8 11.8 Epoxy+5%R 296 21.2 8.9 15.1 11.0 Epoxy+5%R+5%GF 499 25.5 5.9 24.9 5.9 Epoxy+5%R+10%GF 383 19.7 4.8 19.6 4.8 Epoxy+5%R+20%GF 273 13.9 7.8 11.8 13.1 Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+hf 303 13.1 4.5 12.8 4.5 Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+ho 468 13.5 3.1 13.2 3.1 Epoxy+10%R+30%GF+C M 625 21.3 3.8 21.2 3.8 Epoxy+15%R+30%GF+C M 546 17.3 3.9 17.2 3.9 Epoxy+20%R+25%GF+C M 393 15.6 4.4 15.2 4.4 Epoxy+15%R 242 13.4 7.0 12.2 7.6
- 10. Tensile test 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 TENSILESTRENGTH(MPa) TENSILE TEST RESULT
- 12. Charpy Impact Test Results Material composite I.R. KJ/m2 Epoxy 6.97 Epoxy+5%R 3.03 Epoxy+5%R+5%GF 1.53 Epoxy+5%R+10%GF 1.73 Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+hf 1.8 Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+ho 1.55 Epoxy+10%R+30%GF+CM 5.18 Epoxy+15%R+30%GF+CM 50.45 Epoxy+20%R+25%GF+CM 217.83 Epoxy+15%R 241.57
- 13. Charpy Impact Test 6.97 3.03 1.53 1.73 1.8 1.55 5.18 50.45 217.83 241.57 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 IMPACTRESISTANCE(KJ/m2) CHARPY IMPACT TEST RESULT
- 14. 3-point Bend Test Results Material compostites Fmax N dL at Fmax mm Fbreak N dL at break mm flexural stress KN/mm2 maximum strain Epoxy 153 6.97 124.45 10.09 12.80821 0.09679 Epoxy+5%R 110.56 6.03 109.63 6.4 10.9796 0.086298 Epoxy+5%R+5%GF 108 8 106 8.3 7.819779 0.131836 Epoxy+5%R+10%GF 49.2 10.5 47.7 11.9 11.45259 0.166421 Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+hf 66.3 5 63.7 5.1 8.292931 0.077051 Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+ho 43.6 4 42.2 4.1 10.09084 0.061699 Epoxy+10%R+30%GF+CM 62.23 3.13 61.78 3.18 12.14531 0.045575 Epoxy+15%R+30%GF+CM 58.07 2.93 58.02 2.95 12.70476 0.041976 Epoxy+20%R+25%GF+CM 66.67 3.43 65.02 3.48 9.865879 0.054867 Epoxy+15%R 86.03 6.16 17.28 12.79 8.370659 0.098626
- 15. 3-point Bend Test 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 FMAX(N) 3-POINT BEND TEST RESULT
- 16. 3-point Bend Test 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 FLEXURALSTRESS(KN/mm2) 3-POINT BEND TEST RESULT
- 17. Conclusion • For improved mechanical behaviour the size of rubber particles is very important; because large size particles do not disperse and distribute very well as small size particles do. • Increasing glass fibre content increases the brittleness of epoxy matrix causing drastically decreases in mechanical properties but there is a need to incorporate glass fibre into the epoxy because presence of rubber particles makes epoxy matrix very flexible having low tensile properties. Therefore, a considerable amount of both rubber and glass fibre need to add to obtain desired properties.
- 18. Recommendations • Optimal temperature around 40oC should be maintained and compression moulding machine need to be used to high density product. • Observe the different cracked sample surfaces under optical microscope. • Prepare a prototype and study the mechanical properties of the prepared prototype in real life scenarios.
- 19. Thank You