Multi-grade-class powerpoint presentation
- 2. Nature of Multi -Grade Class ◦ Multi Grade class refer to one class of students, in which there are two or more groups, each performing at a different competence or grade levels.
- 3. Nature of Multi-Grade Class •A single class comprising of students of different grade levels and are taught by one teacher. •Students may, or may not be of different ages, but they learn to work at different levels of competence. •They are also called split grade classes.
- 4. ◦ Multi grade teaching is regarded as Alternative education or Combination Classes. ◦ They are aptly described as split grade or double grade classes. ◦ Teachers are required to teach more than one curriculum simultaneously
- 5. As in all learning environments, students bring a great diversity to these classes. They may differ based on the following: * Age * Ability * Developmental level * Background * Experience * Motivation * Interest
- 6. * Multi grade classes tend to be associated with the developing countries but they are also found in other countries across the world. ◦Multi grade classes are in countries like Peru, Sri Lanka, Norway, Vietnam, England, France, India, US New Zealand, Columbia, and Philippines.
- 7. Why do they exist? ◦ Multi grade Teaching is required not by choice but through force of circumstances. ◦ It ma be a reflection of extreme socio- economic constraints, or a small population in the surrounding community. ◦ Most schools with multi grade class do not have the adequate resources they need to hire additional teachers or build additional classrooms. ◦ It may also be a result of the geographical, socio-economic or cultural conditions of the community or neighborhood.
- 8. Prime Reasons for Multi Grade Classes ◦ Low ( reduced) community population possibly due to migration, or an increased death rate. ◦ Poor economic conditions, resulting in inadequate teaching resources. ◦ The persistence of cultural practices which would impede the attendance of students at school. ◦ Geographical location of the school, which may be in a remote , inaccessible village; ◦ Some students may be mentally challenged, and there are no provisions for special education nearby.
- 9. Benefits: ◦ Increase the level of functional literacy and numeracy in the community. ◦ Create opportunities for post- primary choices ◦ Prepare students to secondary level education
- 10. II. Challenges of Multi Grade Classes ◦ In a multi- grade class environment, each teacher is expected to know and be able to teach effectively different subject areas at diff. grade levels. ◦ For example, one teacher who has the responsibility for grades 1,2 and 3 would need to know: ◦ Social Studies at Grade levels 1, 2 and 3 ◦ Mathematics at Grade levels 1, 2 and 3 ◦ Language, Arts/ English at Grade levels 1, 2 and 3
- 11. ◦The teacher is expected to have an array of skills and talent. ◦In addition to those required in specific subject areas within the normal teaching curriculum ◦Some of these skills are * Research * Evaluation * Supervision * Planning * Organization * Facilitation * Management * Motivation
- 12. Functions and Roles of Multi Grade Teachers ◦Field Action /Researcher - A teacher in a multi grade class needs to undertake studies on methods and techniques which improves participation and learning achievement. •Teacher/ Learning Facilitator Development of students into persons who have some knowledge, skills and share desirable values and attitudes Teacher should know his/her students and their experiences, so that he can use strategies which will make learning appealing and effective. Teacher should be able to recognize and cater for the individual differences which exist among the students.
- 13. ◦ Community Liaison /Resource Person Cooperation and assistance of the local community is needed to improve the quality of the educational services provided by the multi grade schools School Worker/ Counsellor Plays an important role as an adviser to students and their families, in a wide range of social, and possibly psychological matters Material Designer Multi grade teachers need to develop their own support materials related to pupil’s environment
- 14. ◦Evaluator ◦Monitor the process of the pupil’s learning, so as to ensure a good quality education. ◦Requires teachers to determine the educational levels of pupils when they first enter the class, during the school year and end of it. ◦A Para Professional Trainer ◦Learning is a continuous process, and it happens both at home and at school. The teacher has a critical role in the training of parents and other local community members, to act as facilitators for student’s learning ◦Government Extension Worker many government policies, concerning family planning and health care, can be put into practice better with the help of teachers.
- 15. ◦Quality Controller ◦Teacher needs to monitor closely the performance of his/ her pupils and take steps to ensure that they achieve the competence needed to permanent literacy and numeracy. ◦Surrogate Parent ◦The atmosphere in a multigrade classroom is more like that of a hoe, since pupils are not separated by age or grade levels. ◦The multi grade teacher is often seen as a surrogate parent to the students. Financial Manager The teacher is a manager of the finances of the school in a situation where a financial allocation is made to the school
- 16. ◦A representative of Cultural, Moral and Political Values ◦ A multi grade teacher plays an important role in the life of the community in terms of cultural, moral and political values Advantages of Small Schools •Enables the learning activities in the school to be relevant to the pupils’ lives within the community, as teachers ca adapt to national curriculum to the life of the village, •Motivates parents to be more involves in the learning of their children •Encourages the active involvement of the community and community organizations in the school. •Allows the school to support the community by providing an opportunity for adult education, and serving as a meeting place for village committees, etc. •Encourages interaction and support between older and younger children.
- 17. The Challenges 1. Physical Environment ◦ Teachers often resent being placed in distant schools, because they fear it will affect their career by being far away from centers of decision making. 2. Small Schools and multi grade classes are often in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, leading to: deprived home environment low educational attainment of parents health and nutritional problems low aspirations of parents and the community interrupted school attendance because pupils have to look after animals, or work in the fileds, or look after the home lack of pre - schools
- 18. 3. Inadequate out-of-school experiences for the pupils , e.g sport, traditional dancing and music, and visits to places of interest, which can be used as starting points for learning. Points to remember: - A small school plays a significant role in providing education. - They enable access to education to be available to almost everyone They are usually located in remote areas, and are faced with a number of constraints not usually faced by normal schools - These classes promote the greater participation of parents and the community in the life of the school, and the lives of the students.
- 19. III. PARTNERSHIPS ◦Partnership connotes part ownership or shared responsibility. ◦It is defined as a relationship characterized by roles, responsibilities, rights, obligations and accountabilities. ◦It may be based on law, shared ethical standards, rules and or conventions.
- 20. Why Partnership? ◦ Education is a long term investment ◦ Its rewards are only reaped later in life. ◦ Govt is the primary investor, beneficiaries are the individuals and their families, private sector and community and society at large. ◦ Many schools with multi grade classed tend to have inadequate resources and personnel. ◦ Partnership provides avenue through which resources can be strengthened, and the community can participate in the education of the child, and the life of the school.
- 21. Partners and Partnership ◦The business of Education has two major actors “ the State and the Civil Society”. ◦Partnership with the civil society refers to general community participation, private sector involvement and parental cooperation. ◦Community participation refers to the involvement of various groups and individuals in the life and activities of the school. ◦This is a two way relationship where members of the community can be resource persons , they can raise funds and assist in the planning of the future of the school. Community shares in the ownership of the school, particularly physical premises and so with communities where religious organizations have started schools
- 22. Advantages of Community Participation ◦1.Parents and other members of the community may serve as teacher aids, or resource persons with various skills. ◦2. The school can also count on the help of the community in such activities as celebrations, fundraising and the building and maintenance of the school. ◦The learning environment will be enhanced by support from the community. ( improving discipline and closer communication to assist the child in school tasks ) ◦The school would become a Central point for activities in the community.
- 23. Building Partnership ◦Below are some ideas for creating environment for forming partnerships between the community and the school ◦1. An open day at the school at least once a term, for pupils to show and discuss their work with parents. ◦2. Regular communication between the school/ community members and parents through meetings, newsletters and home visits. ◦3. Special workdays when teacher and students go into the community, and help with other community- based activities. ◦Fun days involving students, teacher, community members ◦Building strong Parents and Teachers and Community Association
- 24. Ways of Helping Help to develop and support the school curriculum to make it more relevant to community needs Identifying needs in the community Providing information about the background of the pupils Monitoring the behavior and progress of pupils and the school Organizing special projects and fundraising activities Helping to resolve disputes
- 25. Government and Peer Support ◦ CONCERNS FOR TEACHERS ◦ 1. Resentment of teachers at being placed in distant schools because of a long distance from roads , transport, shops, clinics and others. ◦ Children are often less healthy than their counterparts in the big school. ◦ Lack of communication with educational support system and authorities ◦ Absence of adequate teaching facilities and support materials ◦ Loneliness of the teacher, which can even become critical in an unsympathetic setting, or if the teacher comes from a different community/ background.
- 26. ◦ Negative attitude towards multi –grade teaching authorities as well as ◦ Lack of government policy on multi-grade classes ◦ Small school are often located in a socio-economically disadvantaged areas. ◦ Inadequate out of school experience for the pupils, eg, sport, traditional dancing and music and visits to places of interest, which can be used by the teacher as starting points for learning.