Muscles study guide word doc
- 1. Muscles , Action, Origin, Insertion, Intervation study guide:)
- 2. Frontalis • action: raises eyebrows , wrinkles forehead skin horizontally • Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis • Insertion: skin of eyebrows and root of nose • Intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 3. Occipitalis • Action: pulls scalp posteriorly • Origin: Occipital and temporal bones • Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis • Intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 4. Orbicularis Oculi • Action: produces blinking, squinting, draws eyebrows inferiorly • Origin: frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit • Insertion: tissue of eyelid • Intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 5. Zygomatic minor action: elevates upper lip Origin: zygomatic bone Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of the mouth intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 6. Zygomaticus MAJOR • Action: Action: smiling muscle • Origin:lateral fascia associated with master muscles • Insertion: akin at angle of mouth • intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 7. Risorius• Action: draws corner of lip laterally, tenses lip • Origin: lateral fascia associated with master muscles • insertion: skin at angle of mouth • intervation : cranial nerve 7
- 8. Levator Labii Superioris • Action: raises upper lip • Origin: Zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla • Insertion: skin and muscle of lower lip • intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 9. Depressor Labii Inferioris • Action: draws lower lip inferiorly • Origin: Body of mandible lateral to its midline • Insertion: skin and muscle of lower lip • Intervation: Cranial nerve 7
- 10. Orbicularis Oris • Action: closes lips, “Duck Face” muscle • Origin arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible • Insertion: encircles mouth: inserts into muscles and skin at angles of the mouth • intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 11. Buccinators • Used in whistling and sucking, well developed in nursing infants • origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible • Insertion: orbicularious Oris • Intervation: cranial nerve 7
- 12. Platysma • Action: pulls lower lip back and down, tenses skin of neck during shaving , depress mandible • Origin: fascia of chest (over pectoral muscle and deltoid) • Insertion: lower margin of mandible , and skin and muscle at corner of mouth • Intervation: Cranial nerve 7
- 13. Masseter • action: prime mover of jaw closure , elevates mandible , used in Mastication • Origin: Zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone • Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible • Intervation: Trigeminal nerve
- 14. Temporalis • Action: closes jaw , elevates and retracts mandible • Origin: temporal fossa • Insertion: coronoid process of mandible via tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch • Intervation: trigeminal nerve
- 15. Sternocleidomastoid • Action: prime mover of active head flexion, contraction of both muscles causes neck flexion , acting alone each muscle rotates head toward shoulder on opposite side • origin: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle • insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone • intervation : Accessory nerve and branches of cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3
- 16. external intercostals • Action: elevates the rib cage and aid in inspiration, synergist of the diaphragm • Origin: inferior border of rib above • Insertion: superior border of rib below • Intervation: intercostal nerves
- 17. Diaphragm • Action : prime mover of inspiration • Origin: inferior , internal surface of rib cage and sternum , costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae • Insertion: central tendon • Intervation: phrenic nerve
- 18. internal intercostals • Action: depress the rib cage and aid in forced expiration • Origin: superior border of rib below • Insertion: inferior border( coastal groove) of rib above • Intervation: intercostal nerves
- 19. Rectus abdominis • Action: flex the lumbar region of the vertebral column, increase intra-abdominal pressure • Origin: pubic crest and symphysis • Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 • Intervation Intercostal nerves • ( T6 or T7-T12)
- 20. External Oblique • Action: when both muscles contract simultaneously they aid the rectus abdomens in flexing the vertebral column and in compressing the abdominal wall, acting individually each muscle produces lateral flexion of the trunk • Origin: by fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower eight ribs • Insertion: most fibers insert into line alba via a board aponeurosis • Intervation: internal costal nerves • (T7-T12)
- 21. Internal Oblique • Action: same as the external oblique • Origin: Lumbar fascia , iliac crest and inguinal ligaments • Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs, and costal margin • Intervation: Intercostal nerves (T7-T12) and L11
- 22. Transversus abdominis • Action: same as the external oblique • Origin: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last six : iliac crest • Insertion: linea alba , pubic crest • intervation : Intercostal nerves (t2-T12) and L1
- 23. Pectoralis minor • Action: draws the scapula forward and downward when the ribs are fixed with scapula fixed, acts as accessory muscle of inspiration • Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 • insertion : coracoid process of scapula • Intervation : medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8)
- 24. Serratus anterior “the Boxer’s muscle” • action: protracts and holds the scapula against chest wall. Fixes shoulder for horizontal arm movement • Origin: by a series of muscles slips from ribs 1-8 (or 9) • Insertion: entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula • Intervation: Long thoracic nerve (C5 - C7)
- 25. Trapezius • Action: raise scapula , adduct scapula , depresses scapula. • Origin : midline of axial skeleton C7-T12 • Insertion: along accordion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle • intervation: Accessory nerve
- 26. Pectoralis major • Action: flexion, adduct, and medially rotate at the shoulder • Origin: Sternal end of clavicle , sternum, cartilages of ribs 1-6 and aponerosis of external oblique muscle •
- 27. Latissimus dorsi “widest muscle of the back• Action: Extension, adduction, and medially rotate arm at shoulder • origin: indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae , lower 3 to 4 ribs, and iliac crest; also from scapula’s inferior angles • insertion: Spirals around teres major to insert in floor of tubercular groove of humerus
- 28. Deltoid • Action: prime mover of arm abduction • Origin: Embraces insertion of the trapezius ‘ lateral end of clavicle ; accordion and spine of scapula • insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus • intervation: axillary nerve (C5- C6)
- 29. Teres major (“ Minnie Lat”) • action: extension , adducts and medially rotates the arm • Origin: posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle • Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus ; insertion tendon fused with that of latipsiimus dorsi
- 30. Triceps brachii “three bellies” • Action: prime mover of forearm extension • Origin: Shaft of humerus • Insertion: by common tendons into olecranon ulna • Intervation: Radial nerve ( C6- C8)
- 31. biceps brachii “two bellies” • Action: flexes elbow joint ( supnation) • Origin: Coracoid process • Insertion: by common tendon into radial tuberosity • Intervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C6)
- 32. Brachialis deep to biceps • action: major forearm flexor • Origin: front distal humerus : embraces insertion og deltoid muscle • Insertion coronoid process of ulna and capsules at elbow joint • Intervation:musculocutaneous nerve
- 33. Brachioradialis • Action: synergist in forearm flexion • Origin : lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus • Insertion: base of radial styloid process • Intervation: radial nerve
- 34. Iliopsoas • Action: prime mover for flexing the thigh or for flexing the trunk on the thigh during a bow • Origin: iliac fossa and crest • Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur bia iliopsoas • Intervation: Femoral nerve (L2 and L3)
- 35. Sartorius crosses lateral to medial • action: when sitting used to cross one leg over the other “tailer’s muscle” • Origin: anterior superior iliac spine • Insertion: winds around medial aspects of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia • Intervation: femoral nerve
- 36. Adductor muscles • Action: adducts the thighs • Origin: pubic rami • Insertion: linea aspera • Intervation: Obturator nerve
- 37. Gracilis • Action: adducts the thigh • Origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus • Insertion: medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle • Intervation: Obturator nerve
- 38. Rectus Femoris (Quadriceps formoris) • “feather muscle” • Action: extends the knee and flexes the thigh • Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum • Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament • Intervation: Femoral nerve
- 39. Vastus Lateralis (Quadriceps formoris) • Action: extends the knee • Origin:greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line ( femur) • Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament • Intervation: Femoral nerve
- 40. Vastus Medialis • Action: extends the knee • Quadriceps formoris • Origin: Linea aspera; intertrochanteric line, linea aspera , femur • Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via patella ligament • Intervation: Femoral nerve
- 41. Vastus intermedius • Action: extends the knee • Quadriceps formoris • Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft • insertion : patella and tibial tuberosity via patella ligament • Intervation:femoral nerve
- 42. gluteus maximus • Action: major extensor of the thigh • Origin: dorsal ilium , sacrum, and coccyx • Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity of femur ; iliotibial tract • intervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
- 43. Gluteus medius • Action: abducts the thigh • Origin: between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surfaces of ilium • Insertion: by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur • Intervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
- 44. Biceps Femoris • Hamstring • Action: extends the thigh and flexes the knee • Origin: Ischial tuberosity • Insertion: common tendon passes downward and laterally forming lateral border of popliteal fossa to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia • Intervation: Sciatic nevre
- 45. Semitendinsosus • hamstring • Action: extends the thigh and flexes the knee • Origin : ischial tuberosity • Insertion: medial aspect ofm upper tibial shaft • Intervation: sciatic nerve
- 46. Semimembranosus • hamstring • Action: extends the thigh and flexes the knee • Insertion: ischial tuberosity • insertion: medial condyle of tibia via oblique popliteal ligaments to lateral condyle of femur • intervation: sciatic nerve • Most Medial
- 47. tibialis anterior • Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion • Origin: lateral Condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft: interosseous membrane • Insertion: by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone • Intervation: deep fibular nerve
- 48. Gastrocnemius • Action: plantar flexes the foot • Origin: by the two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur • Insertion: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon • Intervation: tibial nerve
- 49. Soleus • Action: plantar flexes the foot • Origin : extensive origin from superior tibia, fibula , and interosseous membrane • Insertion: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon • Intervation: Tibial nerve