Musculoskeletal System Lecture
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This document contains information about the human skeletal system including: - There are 206 bones in the human body which are categorized into long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. - It describes the basic structure and composition of bones including diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, marrow cavity, periosteum, and endosteum. - There are two processes for bone formation - endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
Musculoskeletal System Lecture
- 1. JOFRED M. MARTINEZ, RN
- 2. 206 BONES IN THE HUMAN BODY Bone categories: LONG BONES SHORT BONES FLAT BONES IRREGULAR BONES
- 3. Proxymal epiphysis Metaphysis Diaphysis Distal epiphysis Metaphysis Articular cartilage Artery Medullary cavity Periosteum Compact bone Endosteum Articular cartilage Spongy bone Red Bone Marrow Epiphyseal line
- 8. FRACTURE HEALING OCCURS IN FOUR AREAS
- 16. THREE MAJOR GROUPS OF MUSCLES
- 20. THREE BASIC KINDS OF JOINTS
- 27. 1. Connective tissue lose elasticity and resilience. 2. Muscles lose bulk, tone and strength as amount of physical activity decreases. 3. Bone resorption takes place more rapidly than bone growth. 4. Shoulders becomes stooped and narrower. 5. The knees and hips may be flexed when standing or walking. 6. Posture becomes stooped as the body attempts to compensate for changes in the center of gravity.
- 29. TEST OF SENSATION TEST OF MOVEMENT
- 30. TEST OF SENSATION TEST OF MOVEMENT
- 31. TEST OF SENSATION TEST OF MOVEMENT
- 68. 1. Traction must be continuous to be effective in reducing and immobilizing fractures. 2. Skeletal traction is never interrupted. 3. Weights are not removed unless intermittent traction is prescribed. 4. Any factor that might reduce the effective pull or alter its resultant line of pull must be eliminated: • The patient must be in good body alignment in the center of the bed when traction is applied. • Ropes must be unobstructed.
- 69. • Weights must hang free and not rest on the bed or floor. • Knots in the rope or the footplate must not touch the pulley or the foot of the bed.
- 92. • Keep the knees apart at all times. • Put a pillow between the legs when sleeping. • Never cross the legs when seated. • Avoid bending forward when seated in a chair. • Avoid bending forward to pick up an object on the floor. • Use a high-seated chair and a raised toilet seat. • Do not flex the hip to put on clothing such as pants, stockings, socks or shoes.
- 202. BMD or BMC that is not more than 1 standard deviation (SD) below the young adult mean value. BMD or BMC that lies between 1.0 and 2.5 SD below the young adult mean value. BMD or BMC that lies between 1.0 and 2.5 SD below the young adult mean value. BMD or BMC more than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean value and presence of fragility fractures.