The document explains the Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework, which separates application logic into three interconnected components: the controller for logic, the view for presentation, and the model for data representation. It outlines the benefits of MVC, including reduced code complexity, code reuse, increased flexibility, and decoupled code leading to fewer dependencies. Additionally, it provides examples of how MVC can be applied in projects, contrasting non-MVC and MVC approaches.