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Planning – the bed rock of Project Management



                 Planning – How to Succeed
            Hints and Tips from Real Life Experience.


                                     January 2013
                                      Guy Hindley

With grateful thanks and acknowledgements to all those colleagues I have worked with, both
within BAE Systems, the APM SIGS & Branches, Planning Planet and Guild, and elsewhere who
have shown me the light, highlighted alternatives or just challenged the status quo and way of
doing things – thank you.

                                                                                            Version J
Agenda
•   Some Initial Thoughts
•   Why Bother
•   Planning – How is it Done?
•   Integrated Planning – Project Control
•   What is this Planning thing really about
•   It’s all about Dates isn’t it?
•   So what is Planning really about?
•   Planning Structure
•   Understand the Industry
•   Requirements
•   Assumptions
•   Basic Understanding
•   Delivery Responsibility
•   Let’s Get Started
•   A few shouldn’ts
•   Planning – Status
•   Who Owns the Plan?
•   Think Laterally
•   Keep the Faith
•   Belief and Passion
•   Any Questions.
                   Health Warning – Examples used are from historical work – not the current
                                                   situation
Some Initial Thoughts:

               “Planning is an unnatural process. It is much more satisfying to do
               something, and the nicest thing about not planning is that failure
               comes as a complete surprise rather than being preceded by a
               long period of worry and depression”
                                               …John Harvey-Jones.

            A plan should be treated like a map -
            It is showing the way, so don’t concentrate on what has gone,
            Focus on the future and how to get there!


        “Use project management software as a tool –
        Not as a substitute for effective planning or interpersonal skills.”
                                                …Harold Kerzner.


       “There is no doubt that there is a definite correlation between
       inadequate project planning,
          ….. at the outset and subsequent project failure.”
                                          …. Richard Trim
Why bother?




 28%     abandoned before project completion




  46%    are behind schedule or over budget




                 Source: Gartner Group Report on major corporate systems investments.
Planning – How is it done?

     Surely it’s magic?
                                                The Project Sponsor




 Unfortunately it’s not magic

  It’s a dynamic event that evolves over time
Integrated Planning – Project Control
                                     Project Management
                                     Project Management
                       Request for Bid
                                             Phase Review     Contract Review
                       Approval Review
                        Request for Bid
                                            Phase Review    Contract Review
                       Approval Review

                                          Project Control
     Stakeholder(s)                       Project Control                            Procurement
      Stakeholder(s)                                                              Procurement



     Business Case                                                                    Commercial
      Business Case                                                               Commercial



        Quality                                                                     Personnel & HR
         Quality                                                                 Personnel & HR



      Customer(s)                                                                      Finance
       Customer(s)                                                                  Finance




                       Health & Safety           Legal       Marketing & Sales
                       Health & Safety          Legal       Marketing & Sales           File: gh-pmdrawing.vsd
                                                                                  File: Author: GNH /KS 12.04.2006
                                                                                        gh-pmdrawing.vsd
                                                                                  Author: GNH /KS 12.04.2006
START                                                                                                                                                                      Integrated Planning - a logical sequence
PROCESS

                                                                                                                                                                             CUSTOMER   SOR/
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             MoD Dependencies


BUSINESS/
                                                                                                                                                                              REQ’TS    SOW
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Milestone                 1    23/12/98

INTERNAL                                                                                                                                                                                                                           DATABASE                PROJECT MANAGEMENT ESTIMATE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Milestone                          2    31/01/99

  REQ’TS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Period

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    REPORTS   WBS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  XYZ   GFF/GFE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Deliverables3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hrs £
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hrs £
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hrs £
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Milestone    Hrs £
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3    30/02/99

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A Model          Equip 23/12/98
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Demonstration                                  Milestone    4                      28/03/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Clari Requests               B Model         Equip 04/02/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Payment Milestones                   Milestone    5                      29/04/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Revisions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    CDRL     XYZ     30/05/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  YTH             Milestone     1   23/12/98     Milestone                            6    30/05/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Task Definition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Review WBSD                 Prodn    Equip               15/11/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Milestone      2   31/01/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Revise WBSD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Support         Equip           15/11/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Milestone     3   30/02/99

                WBS                               Project XYZ                                                                                                                                                                                                     Milestone     4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Tech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    28/03/99
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Pubs                15/11/99


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Spares                  15/06/00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Milestone     5   29/04/99


                   Aircraft                              Support                       Mgt/Finance                                                                                                                                                                Milestone     6   30/05/99




        OBS                   WBS Dictionary                                                                                                          CBS
                              W BS Number                     1.7.1

                              WBS Element Title               Aircraft

                          WBS Element Objective              Aircraft Tasks

                          Detailed Task Breakdown


                               •   Outline
                               •   Design
                               •   Build
                               •   Test

                                                                                                                                                                                        PLANNING NETWORK                          SCHEDULE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ‚
                               •   Deliver




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CONTINUE PROCESS (ITERATIVE)
                              Dependencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aircraft A
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hrs
                              Deliverables                                                                                                                                                                    Build
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Test

                                                                                                                                                                                                             SPECIFICATION
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Outline
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              £
                              Task Manager                    IPT

                               Issue              Date                   Authorised                                                                                                                           Draft
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Approval

                                                                                                                                                                                                            RISK MGMT
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Risk Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Risk Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Risk Modelling


  Key:                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project XYZ



        2x OBS structures recognising:
                                                                                                         RISK DATABASE                                                                                                                                                                                                    BUDGETS
            - Internal structure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          (£, MHRS etc)
                                                                                                                                                                                                   QUANTITATIVE RISK
                                                                                                                              Risk Mitigation Plan


            - Sub-contractor structure                                                        Risk Identifier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          RESOURCES
  ‚      NO fixed Milestones:                                                                 Risk Description

                                                                                              WBS
                                                                                                                        Risk Mitigation Plan
                                                                                                                                                     Aircraft Performance

                                                                                                                                                     1.6.4.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                    MODELLING
            - Network-driven milestones                                                       Probability

                                                                                              Performance
                                                                                                                                                                                                     £
                                                                                              The risk will impact performance


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Budget
          Shows alternative route                                                             due to the shortfall expected
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    £

                                                                                                                                                                                               £
                                                                                              if the testing fails



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Milestone

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Finance
                                                                                              Programme

                                                                                              Delay of up to 6 months could result
                                                                                                   s




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        System
                                                                                              due to the re-testing required




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spend
                                                                                               Cost

                                                                                              Cost impact due to the need to




                                                                                              time period.




                                                                                              maintain personnel over a longer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project XYZ
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        EARNED VALUE

                                                                                      Owner                                                                     Authorised

                                                                                      Issue                                          Date                       Raised By


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EARNED VALUE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANALYSIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        UNCLASSIFIED
What is this Planning thing really all about?

                    People



                                          Processes
Toolsets
It’s all about Dates isn’t it?
Proactive
 A Good Communicator
   Logical
     A Natural Curiosity
        Rapport
          Patience
            Facilitator
             An Eye for detail
               Seeing the big picture
                 Determined, but not stubborn
                     Structured – seeking order
                        Clarity of thought
                         Thirst for understanding
                              Honesty
                             BUT - It’s not about Dates though.
                         Dates are the Outcome of Good Planning
So Really what is Planning about?


Build a Rapport.                              Communication

Establish strong personal connections

Establish & Find Common ground – it may not even be work
   related. Interests, hobbies, schools, college, university, holidays.

Focus on understanding predecessors

Others will define your successors – if they need them.


                                                      Empathy
                      Engagement
Planning - Structure
  How do you eat an elephant?   In Chunks
Planning - Structure
  Build a WBS.
Clarity of the Work content

Sample Work Breakdown dictionary:   WBS Number:


                                    Work Breakdown Element Title:


                                    Work Breakdown Element Description:


                                    Constituent Tasks:


                                    Dependencies:


                                    Key Deliverables:


                                    Assumptions:


                                    WBE Manager:


                                    Issue:               Date:      Authorised:
Understand the Industry
                     System Life Cycle – Design & Development V Model
                                                                 Validation
         User
                                                                                                                                           Validation
     Requirements

                                                                 Verification
                      System
                                                                                                                            Verification
                    Requirements

                                                                 Verification                                  System
                                   System
                                                                                                            Integration &
                                   Design
                                                                                                               Testing


                                                                                                 Unit
                                             Unit                Verification
                                                                                            Integration &
                                            Design
                                                                                               Testing




                                                     Component                  Component
                                                       Design                    Testing




                                                                    Build




Cost and schedule estimation and risk
management processes inconsistently aligned
with systems engineering processes. DOD 2006
Understand and get behind the real need.

What did the Customer really want?
Requirements
    Specify your requirements clearly: “a bed for the night”
is met by this offering, but did you really mean at this standard?
What do we mean? How is it understood?
Where does your audience come from?




  PCB?
   Establish a common understanding
Planning Assumptions




 Are we all on the
 same hymn sheet?

 Which Carol?

 Which tune?

 Which words?
Different Assumptions can lead to different solutions.
Basic Understanding.
The Real world is full of many interactions.
Have a desire to understand how things fit and work together
Understand the differences between want and need
Get out there. Understand what makes things tick.
All work should have a purpose. It should meet a need.
Delivery Responsibility
                 Understand the delivery responsibilities
                 Understand who actually delivers the work
            Ensure all work – WBS is covered by the organisation – OBS.
            Build a Responsibility Assignment Matrix - RAM
                                                                                    Organisation
                                                                                    Breakdown
                                                                                    Structure
                                                  RAM                               (OBS)




                                                                                                               CA



                                                                                                 CA

                                                                                                                                    CA
                                                                                              P r o je c t
                                                                                             D ir e c t o r
                                            Work                                                                          CA
                                            Breakdown
                                            Structure
                  P r o je c t              (WBS)     En         g in e e r in g                                            IL S                              C o m m e r c ia l
                 M anager                                       M anager                                      LABOUR
                                                                                                                         M anager                               M anager
                                            CA    = Control Account

                                            RAM = Responsibility                                              MATERIALS
                                                  Assignment
                                                  Matrix                                                      OTHER DIRECT COSTS
 P la n n in g                     R is k           C h ie f                       C h ie f                     LSA                   LC C     C o n t r a c ts              E s t im a t in g
                                                                                                                           £
 M anager                        M anager   M e c h a n ic a l E n g        S y s te m s E n g                M anager              M anager    M anager                      M anager
What do you Require?

What do you Require on Your Project?
Let’s Get started




                             Tip 2.                  Tip 3.




 Tip 1.




                Tip 4.

                                       Tip 5.

Enquiring mind - a systematic or is it a systems approach?
All joined Up




       In a Good network everything links together
Logic – what is it?

                                     Finish to Finish:

     Finish to Start:                     A
                                                           FF
      A                     B

                                          B
          Start to Start:


               A                 Start to Finish:

SS                                                       Only a Really Special
                                          A              type of person uses



                                                  *
                                                           this relationship
                B               SF
                                           B                Don’t be a
                                                             Plonker!
Basic Understanding.
        Identify the critical path.




       Task 1                    Task 2                   Task 3                  Task 6
       10 days                   10 days                  10 days                 10 days




                                             Task 4
                                             10 days




Innate knowledge of critical path - have a “gut” feel. 100 % accuracy not necessarily required.
As we Aspire to




                  Integration drives accurate reporting
                  and informed decision making.
A few shouldn'ts




                   You want
                   it When?
A few more shouldn'ts


   Negative delays – don’t have. It only indicates you have not understood
   the real logic and planned at the correct level of detail.


  Linking to Summary tasks to real activities is also a “No-No”.


 Negative   Negative Float: Don’t have Negative Float. It only
  Float     indicates that the plan is flawed and unattainable


   No Dangles - Every activity has a Predecessor and Successor
   Unless a start point or a delivery milestone. Joined Up Logic please!
Planning - Status




  No Surprises. Be Forewarned. Plan Ahead. Be Prepared
Planning Status
     What does this schedule tell you about the health of the Project?
     Same schedule. One version is base-lined, one is not.
ID   Task Name
                                    April                 May                                         June                                 July                                         August                                 September                              O ctober
                                                         29/04      06/05   13/05      20/05     27/05  03/06   10/06     17/06    24/06    01/07    08/07     15/07        22/07    29/07  05/08    12/08     19/08   26/08    02/09  09/09   16/09       23/09     30/09   07/10   14/10
0    Resource Exercise
1        New Facilty Brief Issued                             02/05
2        Facility Phase
3            Outline Design
4            Board Approval
5            Detailed Design
6            Gain Planning Permission
7            Planning Perm ission Issued                                                                                               26/06
8            Prepare tender docum entation
9            Tenders Issued                                                                                                                                  10/07
10           Vendors Prepare Tender Responses
11           Assess Tenders
12           Contract Issued                                                                                                                                                                      07/08
13           Enabling W orks
14           Completion of Final design
15           Foundations for building
16           Piling for Machinery
17           Piling for building
18           Piles prepared for Machine installation
19           Erect Structural steelwork
20           Instal crane gantries
21           Instal Roof
22           Instal overhead crane
23           Erect cladding and Insulation
24           Plumbing serives




                                                                                                      Issues:
25           Electrical services for machinery
26           Electrical services
27           Power On
28           Comm ission Faciilty
29           Facilty available for use



ID   Task Name                                           Duration




                                                                                                      • Where is Timenow? (Status Date)
                                                 April                  M ay                                   June                                 July                                       August                              September
                                                                       29/04   06/05     13/05    20/05   27/05   03/06   10/06    17/06   24/06     01/07     08/07   15/07        22/07   29/07  05/08   12/08   19/08   26/08    02/09  09/09   16/09     23/09    30/09
0    Resource Ex ercise                                  170 day s
1       New Facilty Brief Issued                            0 days          02/05
2       Facility Phase                                    170 days
3            Outline Design                                10 days                             100%
4            Board Approval                                10 days                                           50%
5            Detailed Design                               10 days                                                            0%
6            Gain Planning Permission                      10 days




                                                                                                      • Activities in the past not complete?
7            Planning Permission Issued                     0 days                                                                              26/06
8            Prepare tender documentation                  10 days                                                                                                   100%
9            Tenders Issued                                 0 days                                                                                                   10/07
10           Vendors Prepare Tender Responses             14 edays                                                                                                                     0%
11           Assess Tenders                                10 days
12           Contract Issued                                0 days                                                                                                                                     07/08
13           Enabling Works                                10 days
14           Completion of Final design                    10 days




                                                                                                      • Activities in the future complete?
15           Foundations for building                      10 days
16           Piling for Machinery                          10 days                                                                                                                                                                                                        0%
17           Piling for building                           10 days
18           Piles prepared for Machine installation       10 days                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0%
19           Erect Structural steelwork                    10 days
20           Instal crane gantries                         10 days
21           Instal Roof                                   10 days
22           Instal overhead crane                         10 days




                                                                                                      • Activities completed “out of Sequence”?
23           Erect cladding and Insulation                 10 days
24           Plumbing serives                              10 days
25           Electrical services for machinery             10 days
26           Electrical services                           10 days
27           Power On                                      10 days
28           Commission Faciilty                           10 days
29           Facilty available for use                      0 days
Planning Status
     Status MUST ALWAYS be up to the Timenow Line (Status Date)

     What does this view of the barchart tell us about the state of the Schedule?


ID   Task Name
                                   April                May                                 June                               July                                August                              September                        October
                                                       29/04   06/05   13/05   20/05   27/05   03/06   10/06   17/06   24/06    01/07   08/07   15/07   22/07   29/07  05/08   12/08   19/08   26/08    02/09  09/09   16/09   23/09   30/09   07/10   14/10
0     Resource Exercise
1        New Facilty Brief Issued                                                                                                                                   31/07
2        Facility Phase
3            Outline Design
4            Board Approval
5            Detailed Design
6            Gain Planning Permission
7            Planning Permission Issued                                                                                                                                                        24/08
8            Prepare tender documentation
9            Tenders Issued                                                                                                                                         31/07
10           Vendors Prepare Tender Responses
11           Assess Tenders
12           Contract Issued                                                                                                                                                                   24/08
13           Enabling Works
14           Completion of Final design
15           Foundations for building
16           Piling for Machinery
17           Piling for building
18           Piles prepared for Machine installation
19           Erect Structural steelwork
20           Instal crane gantries
21           Instal Roof
22           Instal overhead crane
23           Erect cladding and Insulation
24           Plumbing serives
25           Electrical services for machinery
26           Electrical services
27           Power On
28           Commission Faciilty
29           Facilty available for use
Planning Status
Status MUST ALWAYS be up to the Timenow Line (Status Date)

What does this view of the barchart tell us about the state of the Schedule?

Great benefits when you compare with the baseline.
ID   Task Name                                            Duration
                                                April                   May                               June                             July                                August                             September
                                                                       29/04 06/05   13/05   20/05   27/05 03/06   10/06   17/06   24/06    01/07   08/07   15/07   22/07   29/07 05/08   12/08   19/08   26/08    02/09 09/09   16/09   23/09   30/09
0    Resource Exercise                                   182.5 days
1       New Facilty Brief Issued                              0 days                                                                                                           31/07




                                                                                                                                                                          l i ne
2       Facility Phase                                    182.5 days
3           Outline Design                                   10 days                    100%




                                                                                                                                                                      now
4           Board Approval                                   10 days
5           Detailed Design                                  10 days
6           Gain Planning Permission                         10 days

                                                                                                                                                                     e
                                                                                                                                                    Tim
7           Planning Permission Issued                        0 days                                                                                                                                      24/08
8           Prepare tender documentation                     10 days                                                                                   100%




                                                                                                                                   t he
9           Tenders Issued                                    0 days                                                                                                           31/07
10          Vendors Prepare Tender Responses                14 edays                                                                                                                         0%




                                                                                                           p to
11          Assess Tenders                                   10 days
                                                                                                                                                                                                          24/08


                                                                                                         u
12          Contract Issued                                   0 days




                                                                be
13          Enabling Works                                   10 days
14          Completion of Final design                       10 days



                                                              S
15          Foundations for building                         10 days



                                                            AY
16          Piling for Machinery                             10 days




                                                        A LW
17          Piling for building                              10 days
18          Piles prepared for Machine installation          10 days
19          Erect Structural steelwork                       10 days
20          Instal crane gantries

                                          T                  10 days



                                        US
21          Instal Roof                                      10 days



       M
22          Instal overhead crane                            10 days




    us
23          Erect cladding and Insulation                    10 days




 tat
24          Plumbing serives                                 10 days
25          Electrical services for machinery                10 days


S
26
27
28
            Electrical services
            Power On
            Commission Faciilty
                                                             10 days
                                                             10 days
                                                             10 days
29          Facilty available for use                         0 days
Who Owns the Plan?




                               Build “Our Plan”.

                             Build the “team’s” plan.




               The team will endeavour to deliver
               “their” plan, not “your” plan.
Planning – Reasoning and Logic.




Never Argue with an Idiot

  Bystanders may have trouble working out who is who!
  You don’t want to ruin your reputation.
  The idiot will want to enhance theirs.
The “Devils” in the detail

•   The smallest details count.
•   The details need to be correct.
•   The logic needs to be complete - no gaps in the logic.
•   Is there one part of the project / programme that is problematical?
•   Be prepared to Analyse the next level down. It may provide a different story
People – Yes involve them.




 Real Planners Talk to Real People
Lateral Thinking


                                            Think –
                                            “that’s good how can I apply it at work?”

                                                      Assignments in
Look at things from all angles                        other industries

                           Consider it from different perspectives

                                                        Colleagues in other industries



                                 Look for similar things from the past.
                                 Lessons learnt or lessons applied.
Integrated Planning – the Ultimate Aim?

                                                                                           Involve People
                                                                                           Talk to People
                                  Import Activities & 3 Point Durations

                                                                                              Results studied
                                                                                              and analysed.
  Deterministic Model                                                                         Data used to inform
  Define uncertainty ranges                                                                   and amend and
                                                                                              DELIVER


                       Import Risk Log                                             SRA Model Run
                                                                                   Results Generated
                                         Probabilistic/ SRA Model




Define Threats & Opportunities                                            SRA Results/ Confidence Levels
Risks Captured,                                                           At 20/50/80% for key milestones
Think Laterally -
Get Engagement – Consider Your Audience

ID      Last         PAN      Task Name
      Modified in
                                                                                                      Y4                                 Y5                                Y6                               Y7
       Version
                                                                                                 Q2        Q3      Q4      Q1       Q2        Q3     Q4       Q1      Q2        Q3     Q4      Q1      Q2        Q3
80            4.1j            GFF - Facility Modifications complete and available from Customer
81        5.1m         70         SSF (STU & SSU)
82        5.1m         70         ANDOC
83                     70Contract NDOC Date (90%)
                                   Delivery                   Productions Target Delivery                 ICE Optimistic OutputNDOC                 ICE Realistic Output             ICE Pessimistic Output
84                     70         LFOC
85                   0770            2008
                                  AOC (E)                                 2009                                       2010                                    2011                              2012
86
                    Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul                                                            Sep Nov     Jan   Mar May Jul
                       70         AOC (NW)
87        1st          70         AOC (N)
88       2nd           70         AOC (S)
89        3rd          70         SAOC (J)
90                     70         SAOC (N)
          4th
91                     70         SAOC (S)
92
          5th
            4.1j              GFF - Vehicles available in BAE SYSTEMS' vendor facility
93        6th
       6.3cv1.1                   Batch 1 - 6 x ACTROS      Batch 1 - 6 x ACTROS
94        7th
         6.2ev1                   Batch 2 - 10 x ACTROS                                              Batch 2 - 10 x ACTROS
95        8th
         6.2ev1                   Batch 3a - 7 of 19 x HMMWV (New)               Batch 3a - 7 of 19 x HMMWV (New )
96       6.2ev1                   Batch 3b - 12 of 19 x HMMWV (Existing Fleet)                           Batch 3b - 12 of 19 x HMMWV (Existing Fleet)
97
          9th
            4.1j          Installation
98         6.1c        70     Procurement
99     6.3cv1.1 81,98,124     Install SSF (STU & SSU)
100    6.3cv1.1    82,124     Install ANDOC
101                    83     Install NDOC                                                                                                  Install NDOC
102      84,99FF+52 days      Install LFOC
103
104
      Plus many more options…..
        85,101FF+60 days
        86,102FF+47 days
                              Install AOC (E)
                              Install AOC (NW)
105
106
      Including tabular
        87,103FF+47 days
        88,104FF+45 days
                              Install AOC (N)
                              Install AOC (S)
107     89,105FF+45 days      Install SAOC (J)
108     90,106FF+35 days      Install SAOC (N)

      Tailor to meet your audiences needs.
109     91,107FF+35 days      Install SAOC (S)
110                       Acceptance
111          6.2k                 Vendor FATs
112
113
      Remember you may have multiple audiences
            6.2n
            6.2n
                      39,51
                         51
                                      "Internal" FAT - SELEX
                                      "Internal" FAT - LMIS&GS Build 3
114         6.2n         70           Customer Witnessed FAT's (LMIS&GS Builds 2 & 3 and SELEX)
Attitudes of Mind:




          Risk number 103….         “Just make the end date equal July“
     Is this really a risk, or just confirmation that we are planning to fail?
Keep the Faith

•    Join the other Planners of the world.

•    Take time to attend professional body events

•    Swop stories and experiences

•    Have that interest in your discipline.

•    It might be sad but invest your own time and energies to take
     your skills in your favoured discipline forward. Yes – undertake
     Professional Development.

• Don’t be afraid to lead…
……..however just be aware others may plagiarize your work. When
  you find out just take it as a complement! Just remember you
  were leading.

•    Maybe true planners are altruistic in nature?
Belief and Passion


•   Always believe in the power of the GOOD
    sound robust planning.

•   Trust yourself.

•   When senior managers state that the business
    does not need high calibre planning or risk analysis
    continue to believe – keep the faith…

•   The business may not Want, but it most
    certainly NEEDS those skills and traits.

•   “Planning is still not seen as a core capability” Human Systems, 2012.
Don’t miss the train


Be Realistic in your Aspirations
Impossible Dates:
Don’t Demoralise the team
Don’t Fail the Customers
Don’t Fail Yourself
Don’t Plan to Fail




So why do we do it?
And do it again?
And Keep doing it again?

Stupid Eh?
Remember, Remember….
It’s all Teamwork




    It’s just like a performance. We all have a part to play.
        All parts must fit together as a coherent whole.
Conclusion


 •   Planning is about scope, structure, purpose, objectives
 •   Planning is about integration to achieve deliverables
 •   Planning is about the identification and management of
     interdependencies
 •   Planning is about clarity of organisation and organisational
     responsibility
 •   Planning is about getting agreement with all stakeholders
 •   Planning is forward looking/ pre-emptive
 •   Planning is done for the overall business benefit it can
     generate
 •   Dates are one of the resultant outcomes of good planning
 •   Planning is all about Effective Communication

 • Real Planning is not about Dates
Don’t Forget your own Perception & Prejudices.

     Which presenter would you have turned up to listen to?

     •   Involve all relevant sources of information
     •   Put you own personal prejudices to one side
     •   Involve All, Value All, Thank All.




Recommendations on Linkedin appreciated if you have found this presentation beneficial – thank you
Planning


           ANY QUESTIONS?
Further Information.

From the Planning, Monitoring and Control SIG:
One Final Thought

      Planning is there to add
      Value and bring Benefit.

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Guy Hindley: My life in planning, hints & tips

  • 1. Planning – the bed rock of Project Management Planning – How to Succeed Hints and Tips from Real Life Experience. January 2013 Guy Hindley With grateful thanks and acknowledgements to all those colleagues I have worked with, both within BAE Systems, the APM SIGS & Branches, Planning Planet and Guild, and elsewhere who have shown me the light, highlighted alternatives or just challenged the status quo and way of doing things – thank you. Version J
  • 2. Agenda • Some Initial Thoughts • Why Bother • Planning – How is it Done? • Integrated Planning – Project Control • What is this Planning thing really about • It’s all about Dates isn’t it? • So what is Planning really about? • Planning Structure • Understand the Industry • Requirements • Assumptions • Basic Understanding • Delivery Responsibility • Let’s Get Started • A few shouldn’ts • Planning – Status • Who Owns the Plan? • Think Laterally • Keep the Faith • Belief and Passion • Any Questions. Health Warning – Examples used are from historical work – not the current situation
  • 3. Some Initial Thoughts: “Planning is an unnatural process. It is much more satisfying to do something, and the nicest thing about not planning is that failure comes as a complete surprise rather than being preceded by a long period of worry and depression” …John Harvey-Jones. A plan should be treated like a map - It is showing the way, so don’t concentrate on what has gone, Focus on the future and how to get there! “Use project management software as a tool – Not as a substitute for effective planning or interpersonal skills.” …Harold Kerzner. “There is no doubt that there is a definite correlation between inadequate project planning, ….. at the outset and subsequent project failure.” …. Richard Trim
  • 4. Why bother? 28% abandoned before project completion 46% are behind schedule or over budget Source: Gartner Group Report on major corporate systems investments.
  • 5. Planning – How is it done? Surely it’s magic? The Project Sponsor Unfortunately it’s not magic It’s a dynamic event that evolves over time
  • 6. Integrated Planning – Project Control Project Management Project Management Request for Bid Phase Review Contract Review Approval Review Request for Bid Phase Review Contract Review Approval Review Project Control Stakeholder(s) Project Control Procurement Stakeholder(s) Procurement Business Case Commercial Business Case Commercial Quality Personnel & HR Quality Personnel & HR Customer(s) Finance Customer(s) Finance Health & Safety Legal Marketing & Sales Health & Safety Legal Marketing & Sales File: gh-pmdrawing.vsd File: Author: GNH /KS 12.04.2006 gh-pmdrawing.vsd Author: GNH /KS 12.04.2006
  • 7. START Integrated Planning - a logical sequence PROCESS CUSTOMER SOR/ MoD Dependencies BUSINESS/ REQ’TS SOW Milestone 1 23/12/98 INTERNAL DATABASE PROJECT MANAGEMENT ESTIMATE Milestone 2 31/01/99 REQ’TS Period REPORTS WBS XYZ GFF/GFE Deliverables3 1 Hrs £ 2 Hrs £ 4 Hrs £ 5 Milestone Hrs £ 3 30/02/99 A Model Equip 23/12/98 Demonstration Milestone 4 28/03/99 Clari Requests B Model Equip 04/02/99 Payment Milestones Milestone 5 29/04/99 Revisions CDRL XYZ 30/05/99 YTH Milestone 1 23/12/98 Milestone 6 30/05/99 Task Definition Review WBSD Prodn Equip 15/11/99 Milestone 2 31/01/99 Revise WBSD Support Equip 15/11/99 Milestone 3 30/02/99 WBS Project XYZ Milestone 4 Tech 28/03/99 Pubs 15/11/99 Spares 15/06/00 Milestone 5 29/04/99 Aircraft Support Mgt/Finance Milestone 6 30/05/99  OBS WBS Dictionary CBS W BS Number 1.7.1 WBS Element Title Aircraft WBS Element Objective Aircraft Tasks Detailed Task Breakdown • Outline • Design • Build • Test PLANNING NETWORK SCHEDULE ‚ • Deliver CONTINUE PROCESS (ITERATIVE) Dependencies Aircraft A Design Hrs Deliverables Build Test SPECIFICATION Outline £ Task Manager IPT Issue Date Authorised Draft Approval RISK MGMT Risk Identification Risk Assessment Risk Modelling Key: Project XYZ  2x OBS structures recognising: RISK DATABASE BUDGETS - Internal structure (£, MHRS etc) QUANTITATIVE RISK Risk Mitigation Plan - Sub-contractor structure Risk Identifier RESOURCES ‚ NO fixed Milestones: Risk Description WBS Risk Mitigation Plan Aircraft Performance 1.6.4.3 MODELLING - Network-driven milestones Probability Performance £ The risk will impact performance Budget Shows alternative route due to the shortfall expected £ £ if the testing fails Milestone Finance Programme Delay of up to 6 months could result s System due to the re-testing required Spend Cost Cost impact due to the need to time period. maintain personnel over a longer Project XYZ EARNED VALUE Owner Authorised Issue Date Raised By EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS UNCLASSIFIED
  • 8. What is this Planning thing really all about? People Processes Toolsets
  • 9. It’s all about Dates isn’t it? Proactive A Good Communicator Logical A Natural Curiosity Rapport Patience Facilitator An Eye for detail Seeing the big picture Determined, but not stubborn Structured – seeking order Clarity of thought Thirst for understanding Honesty BUT - It’s not about Dates though. Dates are the Outcome of Good Planning
  • 10. So Really what is Planning about? Build a Rapport. Communication Establish strong personal connections Establish & Find Common ground – it may not even be work related. Interests, hobbies, schools, college, university, holidays. Focus on understanding predecessors Others will define your successors – if they need them. Empathy Engagement
  • 11. Planning - Structure How do you eat an elephant? In Chunks
  • 12. Planning - Structure Build a WBS.
  • 13. Clarity of the Work content Sample Work Breakdown dictionary: WBS Number: Work Breakdown Element Title: Work Breakdown Element Description: Constituent Tasks: Dependencies: Key Deliverables: Assumptions: WBE Manager: Issue: Date: Authorised:
  • 14. Understand the Industry System Life Cycle – Design & Development V Model Validation User Validation Requirements Verification System Verification Requirements Verification System System Integration & Design Testing Unit Unit Verification Integration & Design Testing Component Component Design Testing Build Cost and schedule estimation and risk management processes inconsistently aligned with systems engineering processes. DOD 2006
  • 15. Understand and get behind the real need. What did the Customer really want?
  • 16. Requirements Specify your requirements clearly: “a bed for the night” is met by this offering, but did you really mean at this standard?
  • 17. What do we mean? How is it understood? Where does your audience come from? PCB? Establish a common understanding
  • 18. Planning Assumptions Are we all on the same hymn sheet? Which Carol? Which tune? Which words?
  • 19. Different Assumptions can lead to different solutions.
  • 20. Basic Understanding. The Real world is full of many interactions. Have a desire to understand how things fit and work together Understand the differences between want and need Get out there. Understand what makes things tick. All work should have a purpose. It should meet a need.
  • 21. Delivery Responsibility Understand the delivery responsibilities Understand who actually delivers the work Ensure all work – WBS is covered by the organisation – OBS. Build a Responsibility Assignment Matrix - RAM Organisation Breakdown Structure RAM (OBS) CA CA CA P r o je c t D ir e c t o r Work CA Breakdown Structure P r o je c t (WBS) En g in e e r in g IL S C o m m e r c ia l M anager M anager LABOUR M anager M anager CA = Control Account RAM = Responsibility MATERIALS Assignment Matrix OTHER DIRECT COSTS P la n n in g R is k C h ie f C h ie f LSA LC C C o n t r a c ts E s t im a t in g £ M anager M anager M e c h a n ic a l E n g S y s te m s E n g M anager M anager M anager M anager
  • 22. What do you Require? What do you Require on Your Project?
  • 23. Let’s Get started Tip 2. Tip 3. Tip 1. Tip 4. Tip 5. Enquiring mind - a systematic or is it a systems approach?
  • 24. All joined Up In a Good network everything links together
  • 25. Logic – what is it? Finish to Finish: Finish to Start: A FF A B B Start to Start: A Start to Finish: SS Only a Really Special A type of person uses * this relationship B SF B Don’t be a Plonker!
  • 26. Basic Understanding. Identify the critical path. Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 6 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days Task 4 10 days Innate knowledge of critical path - have a “gut” feel. 100 % accuracy not necessarily required.
  • 27. As we Aspire to Integration drives accurate reporting and informed decision making.
  • 28. A few shouldn'ts You want it When?
  • 29. A few more shouldn'ts Negative delays – don’t have. It only indicates you have not understood the real logic and planned at the correct level of detail. Linking to Summary tasks to real activities is also a “No-No”. Negative Negative Float: Don’t have Negative Float. It only Float indicates that the plan is flawed and unattainable No Dangles - Every activity has a Predecessor and Successor Unless a start point or a delivery milestone. Joined Up Logic please!
  • 30. Planning - Status No Surprises. Be Forewarned. Plan Ahead. Be Prepared
  • 31. Planning Status What does this schedule tell you about the health of the Project? Same schedule. One version is base-lined, one is not. ID Task Name April May June July August September O ctober 29/04 06/05 13/05 20/05 27/05 03/06 10/06 17/06 24/06 01/07 08/07 15/07 22/07 29/07 05/08 12/08 19/08 26/08 02/09 09/09 16/09 23/09 30/09 07/10 14/10 0 Resource Exercise 1 New Facilty Brief Issued 02/05 2 Facility Phase 3 Outline Design 4 Board Approval 5 Detailed Design 6 Gain Planning Permission 7 Planning Perm ission Issued 26/06 8 Prepare tender docum entation 9 Tenders Issued 10/07 10 Vendors Prepare Tender Responses 11 Assess Tenders 12 Contract Issued 07/08 13 Enabling W orks 14 Completion of Final design 15 Foundations for building 16 Piling for Machinery 17 Piling for building 18 Piles prepared for Machine installation 19 Erect Structural steelwork 20 Instal crane gantries 21 Instal Roof 22 Instal overhead crane 23 Erect cladding and Insulation 24 Plumbing serives Issues: 25 Electrical services for machinery 26 Electrical services 27 Power On 28 Comm ission Faciilty 29 Facilty available for use ID Task Name Duration • Where is Timenow? (Status Date) April M ay June July August September 29/04 06/05 13/05 20/05 27/05 03/06 10/06 17/06 24/06 01/07 08/07 15/07 22/07 29/07 05/08 12/08 19/08 26/08 02/09 09/09 16/09 23/09 30/09 0 Resource Ex ercise 170 day s 1 New Facilty Brief Issued 0 days 02/05 2 Facility Phase 170 days 3 Outline Design 10 days 100% 4 Board Approval 10 days 50% 5 Detailed Design 10 days 0% 6 Gain Planning Permission 10 days • Activities in the past not complete? 7 Planning Permission Issued 0 days 26/06 8 Prepare tender documentation 10 days 100% 9 Tenders Issued 0 days 10/07 10 Vendors Prepare Tender Responses 14 edays 0% 11 Assess Tenders 10 days 12 Contract Issued 0 days 07/08 13 Enabling Works 10 days 14 Completion of Final design 10 days • Activities in the future complete? 15 Foundations for building 10 days 16 Piling for Machinery 10 days 0% 17 Piling for building 10 days 18 Piles prepared for Machine installation 10 days 0% 19 Erect Structural steelwork 10 days 20 Instal crane gantries 10 days 21 Instal Roof 10 days 22 Instal overhead crane 10 days • Activities completed “out of Sequence”? 23 Erect cladding and Insulation 10 days 24 Plumbing serives 10 days 25 Electrical services for machinery 10 days 26 Electrical services 10 days 27 Power On 10 days 28 Commission Faciilty 10 days 29 Facilty available for use 0 days
  • 32. Planning Status Status MUST ALWAYS be up to the Timenow Line (Status Date) What does this view of the barchart tell us about the state of the Schedule? ID Task Name April May June July August September October 29/04 06/05 13/05 20/05 27/05 03/06 10/06 17/06 24/06 01/07 08/07 15/07 22/07 29/07 05/08 12/08 19/08 26/08 02/09 09/09 16/09 23/09 30/09 07/10 14/10 0 Resource Exercise 1 New Facilty Brief Issued 31/07 2 Facility Phase 3 Outline Design 4 Board Approval 5 Detailed Design 6 Gain Planning Permission 7 Planning Permission Issued 24/08 8 Prepare tender documentation 9 Tenders Issued 31/07 10 Vendors Prepare Tender Responses 11 Assess Tenders 12 Contract Issued 24/08 13 Enabling Works 14 Completion of Final design 15 Foundations for building 16 Piling for Machinery 17 Piling for building 18 Piles prepared for Machine installation 19 Erect Structural steelwork 20 Instal crane gantries 21 Instal Roof 22 Instal overhead crane 23 Erect cladding and Insulation 24 Plumbing serives 25 Electrical services for machinery 26 Electrical services 27 Power On 28 Commission Faciilty 29 Facilty available for use
  • 33. Planning Status Status MUST ALWAYS be up to the Timenow Line (Status Date) What does this view of the barchart tell us about the state of the Schedule? Great benefits when you compare with the baseline. ID Task Name Duration April May June July August September 29/04 06/05 13/05 20/05 27/05 03/06 10/06 17/06 24/06 01/07 08/07 15/07 22/07 29/07 05/08 12/08 19/08 26/08 02/09 09/09 16/09 23/09 30/09 0 Resource Exercise 182.5 days 1 New Facilty Brief Issued 0 days 31/07 l i ne 2 Facility Phase 182.5 days 3 Outline Design 10 days 100% now 4 Board Approval 10 days 5 Detailed Design 10 days 6 Gain Planning Permission 10 days e Tim 7 Planning Permission Issued 0 days 24/08 8 Prepare tender documentation 10 days 100% t he 9 Tenders Issued 0 days 31/07 10 Vendors Prepare Tender Responses 14 edays 0% p to 11 Assess Tenders 10 days 24/08 u 12 Contract Issued 0 days be 13 Enabling Works 10 days 14 Completion of Final design 10 days S 15 Foundations for building 10 days AY 16 Piling for Machinery 10 days A LW 17 Piling for building 10 days 18 Piles prepared for Machine installation 10 days 19 Erect Structural steelwork 10 days 20 Instal crane gantries T 10 days US 21 Instal Roof 10 days M 22 Instal overhead crane 10 days us 23 Erect cladding and Insulation 10 days tat 24 Plumbing serives 10 days 25 Electrical services for machinery 10 days S 26 27 28 Electrical services Power On Commission Faciilty 10 days 10 days 10 days 29 Facilty available for use 0 days
  • 34. Who Owns the Plan? Build “Our Plan”. Build the “team’s” plan. The team will endeavour to deliver “their” plan, not “your” plan.
  • 35. Planning – Reasoning and Logic. Never Argue with an Idiot Bystanders may have trouble working out who is who! You don’t want to ruin your reputation. The idiot will want to enhance theirs.
  • 36. The “Devils” in the detail • The smallest details count. • The details need to be correct. • The logic needs to be complete - no gaps in the logic. • Is there one part of the project / programme that is problematical? • Be prepared to Analyse the next level down. It may provide a different story
  • 37. People – Yes involve them. Real Planners Talk to Real People
  • 38. Lateral Thinking Think – “that’s good how can I apply it at work?” Assignments in Look at things from all angles other industries Consider it from different perspectives Colleagues in other industries Look for similar things from the past. Lessons learnt or lessons applied.
  • 39. Integrated Planning – the Ultimate Aim? Involve People Talk to People Import Activities & 3 Point Durations Results studied and analysed. Deterministic Model Data used to inform Define uncertainty ranges and amend and DELIVER Import Risk Log SRA Model Run Results Generated Probabilistic/ SRA Model Define Threats & Opportunities SRA Results/ Confidence Levels Risks Captured, At 20/50/80% for key milestones
  • 40. Think Laterally - Get Engagement – Consider Your Audience ID Last PAN Task Name Modified in Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Version Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 80 4.1j GFF - Facility Modifications complete and available from Customer 81 5.1m 70 SSF (STU & SSU) 82 5.1m 70 ANDOC 83 70Contract NDOC Date (90%) Delivery Productions Target Delivery ICE Optimistic OutputNDOC ICE Realistic Output ICE Pessimistic Output 84 70 LFOC 85 0770 2008 AOC (E) 2009 2010 2011 2012 86 Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul 70 AOC (NW) 87 1st 70 AOC (N) 88 2nd 70 AOC (S) 89 3rd 70 SAOC (J) 90 70 SAOC (N) 4th 91 70 SAOC (S) 92 5th 4.1j GFF - Vehicles available in BAE SYSTEMS' vendor facility 93 6th 6.3cv1.1 Batch 1 - 6 x ACTROS Batch 1 - 6 x ACTROS 94 7th 6.2ev1 Batch 2 - 10 x ACTROS Batch 2 - 10 x ACTROS 95 8th 6.2ev1 Batch 3a - 7 of 19 x HMMWV (New) Batch 3a - 7 of 19 x HMMWV (New ) 96 6.2ev1 Batch 3b - 12 of 19 x HMMWV (Existing Fleet) Batch 3b - 12 of 19 x HMMWV (Existing Fleet) 97 9th 4.1j Installation 98 6.1c 70 Procurement 99 6.3cv1.1 81,98,124 Install SSF (STU & SSU) 100 6.3cv1.1 82,124 Install ANDOC 101 83 Install NDOC Install NDOC 102 84,99FF+52 days Install LFOC 103 104 Plus many more options….. 85,101FF+60 days 86,102FF+47 days Install AOC (E) Install AOC (NW) 105 106 Including tabular 87,103FF+47 days 88,104FF+45 days Install AOC (N) Install AOC (S) 107 89,105FF+45 days Install SAOC (J) 108 90,106FF+35 days Install SAOC (N) Tailor to meet your audiences needs. 109 91,107FF+35 days Install SAOC (S) 110 Acceptance 111 6.2k Vendor FATs 112 113 Remember you may have multiple audiences 6.2n 6.2n 39,51 51 "Internal" FAT - SELEX "Internal" FAT - LMIS&GS Build 3 114 6.2n 70 Customer Witnessed FAT's (LMIS&GS Builds 2 & 3 and SELEX)
  • 41. Attitudes of Mind: Risk number 103…. “Just make the end date equal July“ Is this really a risk, or just confirmation that we are planning to fail?
  • 42. Keep the Faith • Join the other Planners of the world. • Take time to attend professional body events • Swop stories and experiences • Have that interest in your discipline. • It might be sad but invest your own time and energies to take your skills in your favoured discipline forward. Yes – undertake Professional Development. • Don’t be afraid to lead… ……..however just be aware others may plagiarize your work. When you find out just take it as a complement! Just remember you were leading. • Maybe true planners are altruistic in nature?
  • 43. Belief and Passion • Always believe in the power of the GOOD sound robust planning. • Trust yourself. • When senior managers state that the business does not need high calibre planning or risk analysis continue to believe – keep the faith… • The business may not Want, but it most certainly NEEDS those skills and traits. • “Planning is still not seen as a core capability” Human Systems, 2012.
  • 44. Don’t miss the train Be Realistic in your Aspirations Impossible Dates: Don’t Demoralise the team Don’t Fail the Customers Don’t Fail Yourself Don’t Plan to Fail So why do we do it? And do it again? And Keep doing it again? Stupid Eh?
  • 45. Remember, Remember…. It’s all Teamwork It’s just like a performance. We all have a part to play. All parts must fit together as a coherent whole.
  • 46. Conclusion • Planning is about scope, structure, purpose, objectives • Planning is about integration to achieve deliverables • Planning is about the identification and management of interdependencies • Planning is about clarity of organisation and organisational responsibility • Planning is about getting agreement with all stakeholders • Planning is forward looking/ pre-emptive • Planning is done for the overall business benefit it can generate • Dates are one of the resultant outcomes of good planning • Planning is all about Effective Communication • Real Planning is not about Dates
  • 47. Don’t Forget your own Perception & Prejudices. Which presenter would you have turned up to listen to? • Involve all relevant sources of information • Put you own personal prejudices to one side • Involve All, Value All, Thank All. Recommendations on Linkedin appreciated if you have found this presentation beneficial – thank you
  • 48. Planning ANY QUESTIONS?
  • 49. Further Information. From the Planning, Monitoring and Control SIG:
  • 50. One Final Thought Planning is there to add Value and bring Benefit.

Editor's Notes

  • #4: Harvey Jones, ex Head of ICI, then business “troubleshooter”.
  • #6: Creating a Plan is an “event” . It’s Magic In reality it is dynamic and evolves over time Many people think planning just happens, they need educating as to what proper planning is. Also what proper Planning can do for them.
  • #7: Project Planning, Project Control is the building block of good project management. It’s provides the essential building block from which project management can deliver. It’s the foundation for Project Mgt. Without solid robust project planning then the project is on shaky foundations from the start. This then has implications on how troubled the project will be in later life.
  • #8: Talk through slide. Emphasise how everything integrates. Engine room of Project Mgt. All interconnected systems and the centre of it all is Integrated Planning/ Project Control.
  • #9: Say this talk focuses on the People side of planning as distinct from Toolsets and Processes Processes and Toolsets are very important. Without People there would be no effective Planning. People add value. They bring the toolsets and processes to life and make them hopefully useful.
  • #11: Empathy with all the project Engagement with all the project Communication
  • #12: How do you understand an elephant? Break the work down into the WBS
  • #13: How do you understand an elephant? Break the work down into the WBS
  • #14: Dictionaries can help to unambiguously help to define the each of the wbs blocks/ elements. This then helps to ensure a consistent and coherent approach to the project from all. They will specify assumptions and exclusions. This will help to ensure consistency across the project team. WBS dictionaries can also be used with the Customer to ensure agreed scope content of the work to be undertaken, taking particular note of any assumptions and exclusions. Ensure the Customer agrees to what the project defines as exclusions and assumptions – if not they are a point of debate before setting the project baseline. When project is up and running then need “Change” control/ management of the work content, the wbs and associated dictionaries.
  • #15: 16 The “V” diagram. Although from systems engineering the principles are applicable to all projects. Talk through the hierarchical decomposition of the work and then then the testing of each element as the project starts to deliver, till the end point which is the overall project is validated against the top level requirements.
  • #16: Get to the bottom of what the Customer really wants. Talk to the Customer. Get the requirements bought off with the Customer On more complex projects do “Requirements Analysis”. Tools such as “Doors” can help with this process in providing a structured method to understand and break requirements down.
  • #17: Get your requirements correct Have them agreed with a form of words we all understand.
  • #18: What does it mean What do we understand by PCB? Different industry, educational backgrounds, sporting interests, etc. can all provide us with different ideas of what an acronym means. In this example PCB could be: Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl Printed Circuit Board Pakistan Cricket Board Project Control Board Penelope Charlotte Black Don’t assume we all think the same. We most definitely don’t!
  • #19: Singing from the Same Hymn Sheet. While Shepherds Watch carol has: 2 main tunes. The traditional which was Ilkley Moor, Victorians being very conservative changed the tune to Bethlehem. Words are the same, but Ilkley Moor tune has a chorus, so cannot just swop the tune over, without it causing an issue or two! Make sure we all start from the same place and are going there together.
  • #20: Different backgrounds unless managed can and do lead to different solutions. All need to be co-ordinated.
  • #21: All work should have a purpose Take an interest in what others do – be nosey Take an interest in what all Customers need/ want All work should have purpose An enabler for others The output of your work should be a requirement for others Real logic is needed. Help others to understand the interactions
  • #22: Organisation – beware of who is responsible for the work, as distinct from the organisation(s) that my physically deliver the work. Prime contractor is still responsible, but delegates, sub contractors actually “doing” the work, part of the job. Use a RAM - responsibility assignment matrix.
  • #23: What do you require? A toolset jockey or a Planner? Many can work wonders with a computer toolset, but can then also plan? Unfortunately there are many who cannot. Take care.
  • #24: Switch off the computer Capture the activities. Define the activities/ task Join the dots Structure the work, group things together Link the activities/ tasks logically together. Identify gaps?
  • #26: Start to Finish links are only used by a very special type of person --- They are often referred to as “ Plonkers ” A check on network quality is not to have SF links. If they exist if quickly and easily helps to assess the competence of planning on the project.
  • #27: Critical path just in case! Not all understand or would instantly recognise.
  • #28: Requirements: 1 Logical free flowing network. One start and one finish. Critical path through the network. No target dates. No constraint dates Progress is up to date. Respects timenow. Take with any “out of sequence” activities.
  • #29: Don’t Paint a Picture – understand thoroughly the work. Don’t just draw bars to meet a requirement date. Plan the work out and see if you can logically meet that requirement date. Build on solid foundations Understand the work and thoroughly plan the work out Take time getting the foundations correct, robust and solid.
  • #35: Keep off – “its my plan” Make it “our plan” Make the plan convey useful information to those helping to build it. Establish “true” ownership, then you are in with a chance of success when it comes to delivering the content of the pla, Strong personal connections are critical to the successful delivery of the schedule
  • #37: The smallest detail counts Details need to be correct No gaps in the logic The “devils” in the detail Don’t relax till you are home. Manage till the end.
  • #38: Get beneath the surface - Understand the Real issues - Communicate Talk to people - Engage with people - Involve all the people Iceberg – shows the depth planning required to go to fully understand the scheduling issues and the Project/ Programme. Scheduling influences the complete lifecycle. Time is the foundation for project control and project management. Do look for similar activities and understand what happened on those activities: Was it a success? How is it comparable or different? Which elements of the task are similar? At what level can this be done?
  • #39: My experiences: Furniture industry. Planning was 3 shifts a day. If product is not in the shops your competitors win. Emphasises the importance of timely delivery Post Office. Colour charts to reflect organisational responsibility Prison, Strangeways. Leant masses from the Trafalgar House planner Rail Industry- how to plan, long term, short term, down to minutes. Regular SRA required Hawk – parallels from similar work in the past. Other colleagues at work, etc. Have we done the job before or similar that is worth comparison? Do we look for a similar activities and understand what happened on those activities – Was it a success or what caused the delay ? How is it comparable or different ? Which elements of the task are similar ? At what level can this be done ? Overall project level or down at a detailed task level . Be prepared to Analyse the next level down may provide a different story. Is there one part of the programme that is problematical ?
  • #40: To do any Schedule Risk Analysis need a good network. To reduce the schedule risk on any project/ programme the trick is to have a good schedule.
  • #41: Is this the best way to describe schedule for your audience. What about this chart which has extracted data from the schedule. Maybe it will word better with a non project Mgt audience
  • #42: Often people want to just draw bars to meet certain dates. In other words they are planning to fail. Projects need proactively managing.
  • #46: It’s only when we work together that we become a team. The team delivers the performance. The collective effort makes the team and is greater than the sum of the individual parts.
  • #50: Coming soon from the APM Planning, Monitoring and Control Sig.
  • #51: If it is not adding value why are you doing it.