Mysql
- 1. BETWEEN : it is used to select values within a range. SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND val ue2; SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE column_name NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
- 2. IN : select column_name from table_name where column_name in (value1,value2,...); Example: Select * from table_name where address in (‘delhi’ , ‘mumbai’);
- 3. Like It is used only with char and varchar to match a pattern. Both % and _ are used with the like operator to specify a pattern Select column_name from table_name where column_name like ‘a%’; Select column_name from table_name where column_name like ‘%d’;
- 4. Show who have exactly 5 characters select column_name from table_name where colun_name like ‘_____’ ; --5 underscores Show all the column value whoes 2nd character is ‘d’ Select colun_name from table_name where column_name like ‘_d%’; Select colum_name from table_name where column_name like ‘%a%a%’;
- 5. Count (): counts all the rows SELECT count(*) FROM table_name; Sum(): it reurns sum of values from the selected list of column select sum(column_name) from table_name; Max(): it returns the maximum value of the selected list of item select max(column_name) from table_name; Min(): it returns the minimum value of the selected list of item select min(column_name) from table_name;
- 6. Avg(): it returns the average of column valuess select avg(column_name) from table_name; lcase() : Select lcase(column_name) from table_name; ucase(): Select ucase(column_name) from table_name; Now(): show current date and time select now(); Output: 2014-02-20 22:20:08
- 7. SELECT date_format( now(), '%W, %D, %M, %Y,%T') w – day D – date M – month Y- year T – time Output: Thursday, 20th, February, 2014,22:18:19
- 8. GROUP BY It is used to group the data. In other word it divide rows in a table in smaller group. select dept_no,sum(sal) from employee group by dept_no; Here, Employee - table_name Dept_no and sal - column_name
- 9. HAVING It is used to applied condition on aggregate functions with group by. Example: select dept_no,max(sal) from employee group by dept_no having sum(sal)>100;