Name priyanshi vajani main ppt
- 2. Digestion-The breakdown of complex component of food into simpler and absorbable substances is called digestion. Absorption-The digested food into the blood vessels is called absorption of food .This process takes places place in the small intestine in case of human beings.
- 3. Amino Acid- Amino acids are the building blocks (smallest unit) which combine to form complex molecules like proteins. Amoeba- It is a microscopic single celled organism found in pond water. It has a cell membrane , nucleus and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. It has finger-like projections , called pseudopodia (Singular pseudopodium ). Amoeba constantly changes its shape and position.
- 4. Assimilation- The process in which the absorbed food is used for producing energy is called assimilation. Bile- It is bile juice which is commonly known as bile. It is secreted by the liver and stored in a sac, called gall bladder. The bile plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
- 5. Milk teeth – The first set of teeth grows during infancy and they fall off at the age between six to eight years. These are termed as milk teeth. Permanent teeth- The second set that replace them are the permanent teeth . The permanent teeth may last throughout life or fall off during old age or due to some dental disease.
- 6. Buccal cavity- The cavity of mouth ,with all its internal parts like cheeks, teeth, tongue and salivary glands, is called buccal cavity. The alimentary canal begins from the buccal cavity. Cellulose- It is a type of carbohydrate. Many animals including humans, can not digest cellulose.
- 7. Egestion- The removal of undigested and unabsorbed food material, called faecal matter through the anus from time to time is called egestion. Fatty acids- They are one of the main constituent of fats. Glycerol combines with fatty acid from fats. Glycerol- It is one of the constituent of fats. Glycerol combines with fatty acid to form fats.
- 8. Ingestion- The process of taking food into the body is known as ingestion. Liver- The liver is a reddish brown gland situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side. It is the largest gland in the body .It secrets bile juices that is stored in a sac called gall bladder . The bile digest fats.
- 9. Oesophagus-It is also known as food pipe . The swallowed food passes into the oesophagus which runs along the neck and the chest . Food is pushed down by the movement takes places throughout the alimentary canal to push the food downwards. Pancreas-the pancreas is a large cream coloured gland located just below the stomach .The pancreatic juice digest carbohydrates , fats , and protiens . The carbohydrates get broken into simple sugars such as glucose , fats into fatty acids and gycrerol , and protins into amino acids.
- 10. Pseudopodia-Amoeba engulfs tiny particles of food with the help of its false feet , known as pseudopodia . These cytoplasmic projections are called pseudopodia or false feet for movement and capture of food
- 11. Rumen – it is a part of stomach of some animals like cow , buffaloes and other grass eating animals . These animals quickly swallow the grass and store it in a separate part of the stomach called rumen. In the rumen swallowed food preliminary digested by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa these organism especially act upon cellulose to break down in simple compounds . The partially digested food in the rumen is called cud.
- 12. Rumination – After sometime , the cud of the rumen returns to the mouth in small lumps and the animal chews it . This process is called rumination . Ruminant –The animals which have rumen and carry out rumination are known as ruminants .
- 13. Salivary Glands –In human mouth , there are present salivary glands which secrete saliva. Saliva moistens the food and helps in chewing of food by teeth saliva also contains enzyme which breaks down the starch into sugars . Saliva- it is secreted by salivary glands present in the human mouth. Saliva contains an enzyme (saliva amylase) which breaks down the starch into sugar in the mouth.
- 14. Villi (Singular villus)- The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger –like projections. These are called villi. Each villus has a network of thin and small blood vessels close to the surface . The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials. The villi increase the surface area for the absorption of the digested food into the blood.
- 15. The small intestine- The small intestine is highly coiled and is about 7.5 metres long. It receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas and also secretes juices. Large intestine- The large intestine is wider and is about 1.5 metre in length. It absorb water and some salts from the undigested food materials. The remaining waste passes into the rectum and is removed through the anus. This is called egestion.
- 16. Tooth decay-if we do not clean our teeth after brushing many harmful bacteria begin to live and grow in it , which break down the sugar present from leftover food and release acids and damage the teeth . This is called tooth decay. Small intestine-the small intestine is highly coiled and is about 7.5 metres long . It receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas and also secretes juices.
- 17. Pancreas-The pancreas are large cream coloured gland located just below the stomach .The pancreatic juice digest carbohydrates , fats and protiens into amino acids .
- 18. Diarrhoea-The condition of need to ass watery stool frequently is known as diarrhoea . It may caused be caused by an infection , food poisioning or indigestion .It can be fatal because of excessive loss of water and salt. Oral rehydration solution(ORS)-It is prepared by dissolving a pinch of salt and sugar in boiled and cooled water . It prevents dehydration of the body due to diarrhoea and vomiting.
- 19. Animal nutrition-animal nutrition includes nutrition requirement , mode of intake of food into the body. Stomach- the thick walled and u-shaped bag like structure in the alimentary canal is called is called stomach.
- 20. Large intestine-The large intestine is wider and is about 1,5 meter in length . It absorb water and some salts from the undigested food material .The remaining waste passes into the rectum and is removed through the anus . This is called egestion.
- 21. Pseudopodia-Ameba constantly changes its shape and position . It pushes out ne or more finger like projection , called pseudopodia or false feet foe movement and capture of food. Other name of food pipe is oesophagus. The main component of animal food is cellulose.
- 22. Tongue-Tongue is a fleshy muscular organ attached at the back to the floor of the buccal cavity and free at the front .It can move in all directions . It mixes the saliva with the food during chewing . It helps in swallowing the food . It has various taste buds which help to detect different tastes of food .
- 23. There are four kinds of teeth in human beings situated in each jaw – Incisor –They are two in number and help to cut and bite food. Canine –They are four in number and help in piercing and tearing of food. Premolar-They are four in number and help in chewing and grinding the food .
- 24. Molar –They are six in number and also help in chewing and grinding the food like premolar teeth. The process of digestion in the stomach- The innner lining of the stomach secretes the following things – Mucous-It protects the lining of stomach . Hydrochloric acid-It kills the bacteria and makes food acidic. Digestive juices –They breakdown the protiens into simpler substances .
- 25. Digestion of cellulose in the animals-Many animals including human cannot digest cellulose . But ruminants can digest it . They have large sac like structure called caecum between the small intestine and large intestine . The cellulose of the food is digested in this part by the action of certain bacteria which are not present in the humans.
- 26. Salivary digestion –The food enters into the buccal cavity through mouth . It is chewed by the teeth and mixed with saliva . Saliva contains an enzyme called ptyaline (salivary amylase) which converts complex carbohydrates like starch into sugar . That is why the bread taste become sweet after chewing . This type of digestion is called salivary digestion.
- 27. Digestive enzymes-Enzymes are the secretions secreted by the various glands . These enzymes help in the digestion of various food components like carbohydrates , fats and protiens . These enzymes are catalytic in nature . They help in the breakdown of complex food materials . Some important enzymes are amylase , pepsin , tripsin , and lipase . These enzymes arev specific and act on specific food materials , e.g. , salivary amylase on the starch , lipase on fats and pepsin on protiens.
- 28. The digestion starts from the mouth and is completed in the small intestine . Glucose is the carbohydrate which is the instant source of energy. Alimentary canal is the other name of the digestive tract of human beings. Digestive system makes the digestive tract and glands when associated together .
- 29. Function of digestive juices-the digestive juices convert complex substances of food into simpler , soluble and absorbable form . Other name of food pipe – Oesophagus. The juice secreted by salivary glands-Saliva. Function of Oesophagus-The walls of oesophagus pushes the food towards the stomach .
- 30. Tongue is the organ which identifies the taste of various food materials . Stomach is the widest part of the alimentary canal . Liver is the largest gland in our body. Small intestine is about 7.5 metres in length. Liver secretes bile juice which is stored in a sac called gall bladder .
- 31. Villi is the finger like projections on the inner walls of small intestine . Function of villi- Villi increase the surface area for absorption of digested food. Cellulose is the main component of food. Hydrochloric acid is produced by the lining of stomach walls which is used to kill the bacteria.