Naming ions notes
- 1. 9.1 Naming Ions > Chapter 9 Chemical Names and Formulas 9.1 Naming Ions 9.2 Naming and Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds 9.3 Naming and Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds 9.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases 9.5 The Laws Governing How Compounds Form 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 2. 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Ionic compounds consist of a positive metal ion and a negative nonmetal ion combined in a proportion such that their charges add up to a net charge of zero. • What is the formula of the compound that will be made from Na and Cl? 2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 3. 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions It is important, in learning the language of chemistry, to be able to name and write the chemical formulas for all ionic compounds. • The first step is to learn about the ions that form ionic compounds. • Some ions, called monatomic ions, consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively. 3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 4. 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Cations Recall that metallic elements tend to lose valence electrons. •What is the charge of the aluminum ion? •What is the charge of the calcium ion? 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 5. 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Naming Cations • The names of the cations of Group 1A, Group 2A, and Group 3A metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation. • 5 Thus, Na+ is the sodium ion (or cation), Ca2+ is the calcium ion (or cation), and Al3+ is the aluminum ion (or cation). Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 6. 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Anions Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form anions, so the charge of a nonmetallic ion is negative. • What is the charge of the ion formed from the phosphorus atom? • What is the charge of the ion formed from the fluorine atom? 6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 7. 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Naming Anions Anion names start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide. • For example, two elements in Group 7A are fluorine and chlorine. The anions for these nonmetals are the fluoride ion (F–) and the chloride ion (Cl–). 7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 8. 9.1 Naming Ions > Sample Problem 9.1 Naming Cations and Anions Name the ion formed by each of the following elements: a. potassium b. oxygen c. sulfur 8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 9. 9.1 Naming Ions > 1 Sample Problem 9.1 Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. You can use the periodic table to determine the charge of most Group A elements. •Ions with positive charges are cations; • Metallic cations take the name of the metal. •Ions with negative charges are anions. • The names of nonmetallic anions end in -ide. 9 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 10. 9.1 Naming Ions > Sample Problem 9.1 2 Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Write the symbol for the element. a. K b. O c. S 10 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 11. 9.1 Naming Ions > Sample Problem 9.1 2 Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Determine the charge of the ion formed by the element. a. K b. Pb 4+ c. S 11 1+ 2– A negative charge means electrons gained; a positive charge means electrons lost. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 12. 9.1 Naming Ions > Sample Problem 9.1 2 Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Determine whether the ion is a cation or an anion. a. K K+ is a cation. b. O 2– O2– is an anion. c. S 12 1+ 2– S2– is an anion. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 13. 9.1 Naming Ions > Sample Problem 9.1 2 Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Apply the appropriate rules for naming the ion. Use a Roman numeral if necessary. a. Following the rules for naming metallic cations, K+ is named potassium ion. b. Following the rules for naming nonmetallic anions, O2– is named oxide ion. c. Following the rules for naming nonmetallic anions, S2– is named sulfide ion. 13 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 14. 9.1 Naming Ions > What type of elements (metals or nonmetals) tends to form cations? What type of elements tends to form anions? 14 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 15. 9.1 Naming Ions > What type of elements (metals or nonmetals) tends to form cations? What type of elements tends to form anions? Metals tend to form cations. Nonmetals tend to form anions. 15 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 16. 9.1 Naming Ions > CHEMISTRY & YOU Suppose you were trying to teach someone how to name ions. Which rules about the “language of chemistry” would you emphasize? Answer this question at the top of INB102. 16 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 17. 9.1 Naming Ions > CHEMISTRY & YOU Suppose you were trying to teach someone how to name ions. Which rules about the “language of chemistry” would you emphasize? • For cations, the word ion or cation follows the name of the element. • Metals that form more than one cation are named by adding a Roman numeral in parentheses to indicate the value of the charge after the name of the element, followed by the word ion. • Anion names start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide. 17 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 18. 9.1 Naming Ions > Naming Compounds Name the ionic compounds shown here. a. MgCl2 b. Li3N c. Al2S3 18 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 19. 9.1 Naming Ions > 1 Sample Problem 9.1 Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. You can use the periodic table to determine the charge of most Group A elements. •Ions with positive charges are cations; • Metallic cations take the name of the metal. •Ions with negative charges are anions. • The names of nonmetallic anions end in -ide. 19 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 20. 9.1 Naming Ions > Sample Problem 9.1 2 Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Write the name of the cations. a. MgCl2 b. Li3N lithium c. Al2S3 20 magnesium aluminum Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
- 21. 9.1 Naming Ions > Sample Problem 9.1 2 Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Write the name of the anion. a. MgCl2 magnesium chloride b. Li3N lithium nitride c. Al2S3 aluminum sulfide When naming ionic compounds, ignore the numbers in the formula. 21 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Editor's Notes
- #2: {}