Nanotech2003
- 1. N Welcome
- 2. A Technical Seminar on Nanotechnology Presented By: Syed Murtuza Hussain (06K31A1036)
- 3. What is Nanotechnology ? An engineered DNA strand pRNA tiny motor Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes
- 4. Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications
- 5. ~ 1000 Years Ago (Middle Ages) – Gold nanoparticles of different sizes used to produce different colors in stained glass windows 1974 – “Nanotechnology” - Taniguchi uses the term nanotechnology for the first time Historical Background
- 6. 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m Fullerenes C 60 12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm 10 millions times smaller 1 billion times smaller What is Nanoscale ?
- 7. Nanoscale Size Effect Realization of miniaturized devices and systems while providing more functionality Attainment of high surface area to volume ratio Manifestation of novel phenomena and properties, including changes in: - Physical Properties (e.g. melting point) - Chemical Properties (e.g. reactivity) - Electrical Properties (e.g. conductivity) - Mechanical Properties (e.g. strength) - Optical Properties (e.g. light emission)
- 8. Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful computing and other IT-based systems Information Technology
- 9. Energy More efficient and cost effective technologies for energy production Solar cells Fuel cells Batteries Bio fuels
- 10. Medicine Cancer treatment Bone treatment Drug delivery Appetite control Drug development Medical tools Diagnostic tests Imaging
- 11. Consumer Goods Foods and beverages Advanced packaging materials, sensors, and lab-on-chips for food quality testing Appliances and textiles Stain proof, water proof and wrinkle free textiles Household and cosmetics Self-cleaning and scratch free products, paints, and better cosmetics
- 12. Nanotechnology Health and Environmental Concerns Human and the environment come under exposure to nanomaterials at different stages of the product cycle Nanomaterials have large surface to volume ratio and novel physical as well as chemical properties which may cause them to pose hazards to humans and the environment Health and the environmental impacts associated with the exposure to many of the engineered nanomaterials are still uncertain The environmental fate and associated risk of waste nanomaterials should be assessed – e.g. toxic transformation, and interactions with organic and inorganic materials
- 13. Exposure of human and the environment to nanomaterials at different stages of product life cycle – US environmental protection agency, 2007 (epc.gov)
- 14. Nanoscale Processes and Fabrication Top-down Approaches Bottom-up Approaches Optical and x-ray lithography Layer-by-layer self assembly E-beam and ion-beam lithography Molecular self assembly Scanning probe lithography Direct assembly Atomic force microscopic lithography Coating and growth Material removal and deposition (Chemical, mechanical, or ultrasonic) Colloidal aggregation Printing and imprinting
- 15. Nanoscale Devices and Integrated Nanosystems Currently available microprocessors use resolutions as small as 32 nm Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2 nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip Nanochip Nanoelectromechanical System (NEMS) Sensors NEMS technology enables creation of ultra small and highly sensitive sensors for various applications The NEMS force sensor shown in the figure is applicable in pathogenic bacteria detection
- 16. Nanotechnology in Health Care Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted by nanoshells coated with metallic layer and an external energy source – National Cancer Institute Thermal ablation of cancer cells Nanoshells have metallic outer layer and silica core Selectively attracted to cancer shells either through a phenomena called enhanced permeation retention or due to some molecules coated on the shells The nanoshells are heated with an external energy source killing the cancer cells
- 17. Integrated Nanosystems Definition: Systems which may consist of integrated micro-, meso-, and/or macro-scale parts, and have their core components realized by nano-scale materials, processes, and devices.
- 18. Advantages of Nanotechnology To enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology, let us first run through the good things this technology brings: Nanotechnology can actually revolutionize a lot of electronic products, procedures, and applications. The areas that benefit from the continued development of nanotechnology when it comes to electronic products include nano transistors, nano diodes, OLED, plasma displays, quantum computers, and many more
- 19. Disadvantages of Nanotechnology When tackling the advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology, you will also need to point out what can be seen as the negative side of this technology: Included in the list of disadvantages of this science and its development is the possible loss of jobs in the traditional farming and manufacturing industry. Atomic weapons can now be more accessible and made to be more powerful and more destructive. These can also become more accessible with nanotechnology. Since these particles are very small, problems can actually arise from the inhalation of these minute particles, much like the problems a person gets from inhaling minute asbestos particles.
- 20. Any Queries ??