Naturalists at Large - Nebula
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A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, gas, and plasma that is the first stage of star formation. Nebulae form from the gravitational collapse of gas clouds in space. As gas and dust clump together in nebulae, it can form stars and planetary systems. Some nebulae are formed from stellar explosions like supernovae, which throw off ionized material that glows.
Naturalists at Large - Nebula
- 1. NEBULA A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust , hydrogen gas and plasma . It is the first stage of a star 's cycle.
- 2. BOOMERANG NEBULA Originally nebula was a general name for any extended astronomical object , including galaxies beyond the Milky Way (some examples of the older usage survive; for example, the Andromeda Galaxy was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble ).
- 3. Nebulae often develop star-forming regions, such as in the Eagle Nebula . This nebula is depicted in one of NASA 's most famous images, the " Pillars of Creation ". In these regions the formations of gas, dust and other materials 'clump' together to form larger masses, which attract further matter, and eventually will become big enough to form stars. The remaining materials are then believed to form planets , and other planetary system objects.
- 5. Many nebula form from the gravitational collapse of diffuse gas in the interstellar medium or ISM. As the material collapses under its own weight, massive stars may form in the center, and their ultraviolet radiation ionises the surrounding gas, making it visible at optical wavelengths . An example of this type of nebula is the Rosette Nebula .
- 6. The size of these nebulae, known as HII regions, varies depending on the size of the original cloud of gas, and the number of stars formed can vary too. As the sites of star formation, the formed stars are sometimes known as a young, loose cluster . PELICAN NEBULA
- 8. Some nebulae are formed as the result of supernova explosions, the death throes of massive, short-lived stars. The material thrown off from the supernova explosion is ionised by the supernova remnant. One of the best examples of this is the Crab Nebula , in Taurus . It is the result of a recorded supernova in the year 1054 and at the centre of the nebula is a neutron star , created during the explosion.
- 9. Other nebulae may form as planetary nebulae . This is the final stage of a low-mass star's life, like Earth 's Sun . Stars with a mass up to 8-10 solar masses evolve into red giants and slowly lose their outer layers during pulsations in their atmospheres. When a star has lost a sufficient amount of material, its temperature increases and the ultraviolet radiation it emits is capable of ionizing the surrounding nebula that it has thrown off.
- 10. A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of a glowing shell of gas and plasma formed by certain types of stars at the end of their lives. The name originates from a similarity in appearance to giant planets when viewed through a small optical telescope and is unrelated to planets of the solar system. They are a relatively short-lived phenomenon, lasting a few tens of thousands of years, compared to a typical stellar lifetime of several billion years. CATS EYE NEBULA
- 11. Most nebulae can be described as diffuse nebulae , which means that they are extended and contain no well-defined boundaries. In visible light these nebulae may be divided into emission nebulae and reflection nebulae , a categorization that depends on how the light we see is created. EMISSIONNEBULA REFLECTION NEBULA
- 12. Emission nebulae contain ionized gas (mostly ionized hydrogen ) that produces spectral line emission. These emission nebulae are often called HII regions ; the term "HII" is used in professional astronomy to refer to ionized hydrogen. In contrast to emission nebulae, reflection nebulae do not produce significant amounts of visible light by themselves but instead reflect light from nearby stars. The Flame Nebula is part of the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex and is an emission nebula.
- 13. Dark nebulae are similar to diffuse nebulae, but they are not seen by their emitted or reflected light. Instead, they are seen as dark clouds in front of more distant stars or in front of emission nebulae. HORSEHEAD NEBULA
- 14. Planetary nebulae are so called because the first astronomers who observed these objects thought that the nebulae resembled the disks of planets, although they are not at all related to planets.
- 15. A protoplanetary nebula (PPN) is an astronomical object which is at the short-lived episode during a star's rapid stellar evolution .
- 16. A supernova occurs when a high-mass star reaches the end of its life. When nuclear fusion ceases in the core of the star, the star collapses inward on itself. The gas falling inward either rebounds or gets so strongly heated that it expands outwards from the core, thus causing the star to explode. CRAB NEBULA
- 17. Now let’s sit back and gaze upon a variety of nebulae … CHRISTMAS TREE NEBULA CONE NEBULA
- 18. CRESCENT NEBULA EGG NEBULA
- 19. ESKIMO NEBULA HELIX NEBULA
- 20. INTERSTELLAR CLUSTER 1396 I C 2924
- 21. LAGOON NEBULA MESSIER 20 M Z 3
- 22. M 29 NEAR GALAXY CLUSTER 346
- 31. Silver Surfer wanders the cosmos in search of nebula
- 32. Galactus Travels the spaceways feeding upon planets and enjoys the occasional nebula desert.
- 33. These two don’t often get along.
- 34. But that's another PowerPoint May the Nebulizer be with YOU! Until next time…