DSSC Slide Presentation
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This document summarizes research on using early transition metal-based catalysts in dye-sensitized solar cells as alternatives to platinum. It describes testing various metal oxides, nitrides, sulfides and carbides as catalysts for the I-/I3- redox couple. Results showed yttrium oxide, molybdenum oxide and cadmium sulfide had promising efficiencies and cost efficiencies compared to platinum. Future work will involve testing other early transition metal catalyst-nanostructure combinations and redox couples to improve efficiencies while minimizing costs.
DSSC Slide Presentation
- 1. THE IMPACT OF EARLY TRANSITION METAL-BASED CATALYSTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF I-/I3– REDOX COUPLES IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS. Kavirath Jain Christopher Zhen Maxwell Tucker North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics
- 2. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS (DSSCS)
- 3. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions THE CATALYST PROBLEM • Platinum • Very Expensive and Rare • Directly Responsible for Efficiency • Not suitable for new organic and even some inorganic couples • Undermines idea behind the cost effective DSSC
- 4. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions EARLY TRANSITION METALS – THE NEW FRONTIER • Early Transition Metals (ETM) Properties • Covalent Character • Ionic Character • Electrically/Thermally Conductive • Pt-like Catalytic Activity • Cost Effective • Current Research • Early Transition Metal Carbides, Nitrides, Oxides, Sulfides (CNOS) • Our Proposition • Test some more novel ETM CNOS • Test insoluble hydroxide • Focus on Cost-Effectiveness
- 5. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
- 6. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions THE CATALYSTS AND SYNTHESIS OF MOLYBDENUM OXIDE
- 7. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions DATA COLLECTION Voltage (mV) Potentiometer DSSC Current (μA)
- 8. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions I-V CURVES AND GAUSSIAN CURVE FITS
- 9. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions MAXIMUM POWER INTERPOLATION
- 10. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions EFFICIENCY DATA 3.5 3 2.5 Carbon Palladium Efficiency (%) 2 Manganese Yttrium 1.5 Molybdenum 1 Palladium Cadmium 0.5 0 Catalyst
- 11. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions COST EFFICIENCY RESULTS Catalyst Cost ($/5g) Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%/cost) Platinum 122.00 7.5000 0.0615 Manganese Oxide 56.40 1.6460 0.0292 Yttrium Oxide 14.35 1.6430 0.1145 Molybdenum Oxide 52.40 1.1610 0.0222 Ammonium Molybdate tetrahydrate 6.43 1.1610 0.1806 Palladium Hydroxide 75.00 2.1610 0.0288 Cadmium Sulfide 1.82 0.1130 0.0621
- 12. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions CONCLUSIONS • More effort is needed to improve efficiencies • Yttrium (III) Oxide minimizes cell degradation • High potential for cost effective replacements for Platinum • Yttrium (III) Oxide • Molybdenum (VI) Oxide • Cadmium Sulfide
- 13. Introduction | Experiment | Results | Analysis | Conclusions FUTURE WORK • Other ETM CNOS catalysts • Other redox couples • More trials for current catalysts • Investigate Cell Degradation • Synergistic Approach • Mesoporous Carbon • Combinations of ETM CNOS
- 14. Acknowledgments and References WORKS CITED • Emery, K. a., & Osterwald, C. R. (1986). Solar cell efficiency measurements. Solar Cells, 17(2-3), 253–274. doi:10.1016/0379-6787(86)90016-5 • Kim, J.-Y., Lee, J.-K., Han, S.-B., Lee, Y.-W., & Park, K.-W. (2010). Improved Tri-iodide Reduction Reaction of Co- TMPP/C as a Non-Pt Counter Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology, 1(2), 75–80. doi:10.5229/jecst.2010.1.2.075 • Law, M., Greene, L. E., Johnson, J. C., Saykally, R., & Yang, P. (2005). Nanowire dye-sensitized solar cells. Nature materials, 4(6), 455–9. doi:10.1038/nmat1387 • Study on the Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Molybdates.pdf. (n.d.). • Wang, L., Diau, E. W.-G., Wu, M., Lu, H.-P., & Ma, T. (2012). Highly efficient catalysts for Co(II/III) redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), 48(20), 2600–2. doi:10.1039/c2cc17389a • Wang, M., Anghel, A. M., Ha, N. C., & Pootrakulchote, N. (2009). CoS Supersedes Pt as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Triiodide Reduction in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, 15976–15977. • Wu, M., Lin, X., Hagfeldt, A., & Ma, T. (2011). A novel catalyst of WO2 nanorod for the counter electrode of dye- sensitized solar cells. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), 47(15), 4535–7. doi:10.1039/c1cc10638d • Wu, M., Lin, X., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Guo, W., Qi, D., Peng, X., et al. (2012). Economical Pt-free catalysts for counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(7), 3419–28. doi:10.1021/ja209657v • Wu, M., Wang, Y., Lin, X., Yu, N., Wang, L., Wang, L., Hagfeldt, A., et al. (2011). Economical and effective sulfide catalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells as counter electrodes. Physical chemistry chemical physics PCCP, 13(43), : 19298–301. doi:10.1039/c1cp22819f •
- 15. Acknowledgments and References SPECIAL THANKS • Dr. Myra Halpin • NCSSM Research in Chemistry Program • Research done by Nguyen, Pan, Rathod • NCSSM Physics Department
- 16. Questions?