Networking and Computer Troubleshooting

 The Terminologies
 Tools of the Trade
 Who are you CPU?
 How to became Dr. Watson?
 Hardening Windows

Difficult Material Central Concept (CEPT)

Take it slowly, step by step. This is a central concept (CEPT)
This will require some extra you need to understand really
work. well.

Applications are the
only things users care
about.

A network is a system that permits networked
applications running on different hosts to work
together.

 A network switch is a small hardware device
that joins multiple computers together within
one local area network (LAN). Technically,
network switches operate at layer two (Data
Link Layer) of the OSI model.

 Routers are physical devices that join
multiple wired or wireless networks together.
Technically, a wired or wireless router is a
Layer 3 gateway, meaning that the
wired/wireless router connects networks (as
gateways do), and that the router operates at
the network layer of the OSI model.

Network cable is used to connect and transfer data
between computers and a network. There are different
types of network cable, and the appropriate type to
use will depend on the structure and topology of your
network. The most commonly used types of network
cable are the twisted pair, coaxial, Ethernet cross over,
and fiber optic.

 Applications that require a network to function
 1970s
 E-mail, file downloading, and transfers

 1990s
 The Wide Web, instant messaging

 This century
 Web 2.0 with user-developed content, e.g., Wikipedia,
YouTube
 Social networking, e.g., Facebook
 Streaming media

 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Computing
 Clients provide service to each other.
 Made possible by growing PC processing power.

 Cloud Computing
 Resources are outsourced to a provider who is
accessed entirely via a network.
 Users only need a PC or other intelligent device.
 Company does not need to maintain servers or
applications.

Transmission Speed Measurements
Normally measured in bits per second (bps)
Usually not in bytes in per second (Bps)
Metric Prefixes
Kilobits per second kbps (lower- 1,000 bps (not 1,024)
case k)
Megabits per second Mbps 1,000,000 bps
Gigabits per second Gbps 1,000,000,000 bps
Terabits per second Tbps 1,000,000,000,000 bps

The Need for Speed
Application 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps

E-Mail (250 words) 0.02 sec 0 sec 0 sec 0 sec

Photo (2 MB) 2.7 min 16 sec 2 sec 0 sec

MP3 Song (3 min) 2.9 min 17 sec 2 sec 0 sec

Ltd. Quality TV 13 hrs 1 hr 8 min 1 min
(One Hour)

 A local area network (LAN) is a group of
computers and network communication
devices interconnected within a
geographically limited area, such as a
building or campus.
 A LAN tends to use only one type of
transmission medium—cabling.
 They transfer data at high speeds.
 They exist in a limited geographical area.
 Their technology is generally less expensive.

 A wide area network (WAN) interconnects
LANs. A WAN may be located entirely within
a state or country, or it may be
interconnected around the world.
 They exist in an unlimited geographical area.
 They are more susceptible to errors due to
the distances data travels.
 They interconnect multiple LANs.

Analog & Digital Tester Tweezers Ground Strap
Precision Screws Set

Brush Screw Container Anti-static bag Soldering paste Soldering Lead Soldering Iron

Eraser Guitar Pick
long nose pliers Magnifying glass
Flux

Smart Tweezers Hot Air Station Bga (Ball Grid Array) rework system

 Make sure that it is license
 Best practice to copy the disk and keep it for
safekeeping.

 ERD Commander
 Windows Password Resetter
 Anti Virus
 File Recovery Applications

 The central processing unit (CPU) is the
portion of a computer system that carries out
the instructions of a computer program, and
is the primary element carrying out the
computer's functions. The central processing
unit carries out each instruction of the
program in sequence, to perform the basic
arithmetical, logical, and input/output
operations of the system.

 Fix Common PC Problems.
 your new device won’t appear on your desktop,
 an application you added won’t run,
 you see an error message,
 your computer is refusing to start up,
 your PC is acting funny,
 the keyboard & mouse do not respond,
 Your PC will not start-up.

 To check the options that are available,
visit the following Web site:
http://support.microsoft.com

 Or, visit the following MS Web site to find the
computer manufacturers' contact
information:
http://support.microsoft.com/oemphone

 To contact Microsoft Customer Service and
Support, telephone (800) (642-7676).
 Microsoft Customer Service hours of
operation:
 Monday through Friday, 5:00 AM - 9:00 PM Pacific
Time
 Saturday and Sunday, 6:00 AM – 3:00 PM Pacific
Time
 Do Not mention any App that does not belong to
MS.

 Is your PC showing an error message?
 write down the exact number and wording of the
error message, and search for it on the Microsoft
Fix it Solution Center.
 http://support.microsoft.com/gp/cp_fixit_mai
n#tab0
 Make a copy of the error message - ‘Prnt Scrn’
▪ PrtSc (on laptops)
▪ Ctrl+Alt + Prnt Screen = Window of Concern

 Close open programs and windows that
you're not currently using.
 Uninstall or delete unwanted programs.
 Stop programs in System Configuration
Start-up File. (Run -MSCONFIG)
 Defragment your hard drive. Run Registry
Cleaner.

 Scan for viruses and spyware. Anti-virus &
Malwarebytes.
 Reboot your computer and try loading the
program again.
 Uninstall the software and then reinstall it
from scratch.
 Reboot again.

 Control-Alt-Delete (often abbreviated to Ctrl-Alt-
Del, also known as the "three-finger salute")
 a computer keyboard command to summon the
‘task manager ‘
 Right Click Task Bar.
 How to troubleshoot issues with Windows Task
Manager –
 to view a dynamic display of programs running on
your PC.

 The Processes tab displays processes that are
running on the computer.
 Click on Show Processes from all Users button.
 Click on the CPU column heading to see amount
of usage for each process.
 Click ‘View’ – Update Speed to slow down display.

 Run the error code through Bing Search.
 Run the error message through Bing Search.
▪ Run Parts of the Error Message through Bing.
 Run your Question through Bing Search.
▪ Be Specific as Possible.
▪ Use Model Numbers.
 If you just downloaded a program, Bing that
program for Review, problems, troubleshooting.

 Install any start services
 Install AxtiveX controls, including IE and shell add-
ins (common to both adware and spyware)
 Install kernel-mode rootkits and keyloggers (hard to
impossible to detect)
 Access data belonging to all users on the machine
 Cause code to run whenever anyone logs on to the
computer (including capturing user names and
passwords entered in the Ctrl-Alt-Delete logon
dialog

 Replace normal OS and program files with
Trojan horses
 Disable or even uninstall anti-virus programs
 Cover its tracks in the event log to avoid
detection
 Access any other computer you are also
Administrator on and gain control of those
computers as well.

 Please, do not pick a pet name, spouse name or anything
else easily guessed by people who know you.
 Pick a password at least 8 characters long. I prefer 15 or
more characters. Windows will accept a maximum of 127
characters.
 Use both upper and lower case letters, numbers, and try to
use characters as well. If you have multiple computers, do
not repeat the same passwords on each one.
 Never write down passwords and leave them in plain sight,
or send them in email.

 Once you set a Boot level BIOS password, it
will be required every time the system is
started.

 The system is completely disabled until
the password is entered.

 This is normally accomplished by selecting
the password option in the BIOS setup.

Proper use of the screensaver will help protect your
computer while you are away from it for short periods of
time.

This is especially important in business environments.
Just bring up the screensaver settings and enable
password protection. Here's how:

 Right click an open area of the desktop
 Left click properties from the choices
 Left click the screensaver tab
 Check the box to “On resume, password protect”

 Do not use any automated logins and be sure
all users are password protected. Go to the
control panel, click on administrative tools,
click local security policy.

 Make sure all users have a password set for
the account. I also recommend having only
one administrator account on each machine.

Networking and Computer Troubleshooting

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