Neurotrasmitter, synapse and reflex
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable communication between neurons. They are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the target neuron. There are various types of neurotransmitters classified by their chemical composition and function, including amino acids, gases, and peptides. Neurotransmitters have many functions, such as affecting movement, learning, mood, and metabolism. A synapse is the junction between neurons that allows communication in one direction. There are chemical and electrical synapses classified by their structure and function. A chemical synapse contains synaptic vesicles that release neurotransmitters, which then bind to receptors on the target cell. A reflex is an involuntary motor response to a stimulus without brain involvement. A reflex arc is
Neurotrasmitter, synapse and reflex
- 1. NEUROTRANSMITTER, REFLEX AND SYNAPSE BY SONI KUMARI SHAH
- 3. Neurotransmitter Endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission. Type of chemical messenger which transmits signals across a chemical synapse, such as neuromuscular junction, from one neuron to another target neuron, muscle cells or glands. They are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft.
- 4. Types Of Neurotransmitter On The Basis Of Its Chemical Composition Amino Acids: Glutamate, Aspartate Gasotransmitters: Nitric Oxide, Carbon Monoxide Monoamines: Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, Histamine, Serotonin Trace Amines: Phenethylamine, Tryptamine Peptides: Somatostatin, Substance P Purines: Adenosine Triphosphate Others: Acetylcholine
- 5. On The Basis Of Its Function Excitatory Neurotransmitter: stimulates other neurons Inhibitory Neurotransmitter: inhibits other neurons
- 6. Functions Of Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine: It affects movement, learning, memory. Dopamine: It affects movement, attention, learning, reinforcement, pleasure. Noradrenaline: It affects eating alertness wakefulness Adrenaline: It affects metabolism of glucose, energy release during exercise. Serotonin: It affects mood, sleep, appetite, impulsivity, aggression Glutamate: Involved in learning thought and emotion
- 7. SYNAPSE
- 8. The Synapse Junction between neurons Communicate in one direction Classification Of Synapse On The Basis Of Function 1. Chemical synapse 2. Electrical synapse
- 9. Classification Of Synapse On The Basis Of Structure 1. Axodendritic synapse 2. Axosomatic synapse 3. Axoaxonal synapse 4. Dendroaxonic synapse 5. Dendrodentritic synapse 6. Somatosomatic synapse 7. Somatodendritic synapse
- 10. Structure Of Chemical Synapse
- 11. REFLEX AND REFLEX ARC
- 12. Reflex Reflex is a rapid, involuntary and autonomic motor in response to various stimuli without the involvement of brain. Reflex Action Action that is performed without conscious thought as a response to stimulus is called reflex action. Reflex Arc A simple neural pathway by which sensory impulses from receptors cause a response in effectors without necessarily traveling to the brain.
- 13. Components Of Reflex Arc 1. Receptors 2. Sensory Neuron 3. Integration Center 4. Motor Neuron 5. Effectors
- 14. Mechanism Of Reflex Action 1. Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptors 2. Activation of sensory neurons- sends sensory impulse from receptors 3. Interpretation of sensory information inside grey matter of spinal cord 4. Activation of motor neuron- sends motor impulse towards effectors 5. Response by effectors.
- 15. Classification Of Reflex On The Basis Of Function 1. Autonomic Reflex Arc-neuronal pathway which carries reflex activities which affects inner organs. 2. Somatic Reflex Arc-neuronal pathway which carries reflex activities which affects limbs and body wall. On The Basis Of Numbers Of Neurons 1. Monosynaptic Reflex-reflex pathways which consists of only one sensory neuron and only one motor neuron. 2. Polysynaptic Reflex-reflex pathways which consists of one or more interneurons in between sensory and motor neurons.