Next! - An Android application to support tourists activities
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The document outlines the design and development of an Android app called 'next!', aimed at enhancing tourism experiences through a user-centered interface that provides multimedia and historical information. It includes usability testing that assessed the app's functionality and compared it with Google Maps, yielding insights into user preferences and performance metrics. Future work will focus on resolving usability issues, implementing new features like QR functionality, and submitting the project to a contest.
![Why?
“Usability is like oxygen. You
don’t notice it until it’s missing”
Usability and the bottom line [Donahue]
“1 $ spent in usability results in a
return of 30.25 $“
Usability is good business [Donahue et al.]
sabato 28 settembre 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/next-130928045903-phpapp02/85/Next-An-Android-application-to-support-tourists-activities-47-320.jpg)
Next! - An Android application to support tourists activities
- 1. Next! Dario Di Nucci, Fabio Palomba, Michele Tufano University of Salerno Your next favourite site sabato 28 settembre 13
- 2. What is Next!? The scenario based design Design and development Usability Testing Designing Next! Introducing next! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 3. INTRODUCING NEXT! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 4. Challenges of Next! Better understanding of the cultural values, evaluation, interpretation, ethics and identity inherent the tangible cultural heritage, intangible and digital. Challenge Solution Tourist can "enter" in the cultural site and can acquire more sense of belonging and integration with the place where he stays. This will facilitate national belonging and foreigners integration. sabato 28 settembre 13
- 5. What is Next!? An Android app to support tourists activities Next! guess your next favourite place or look for places next to your position An Android app to increase cultural baggage sabato 28 settembre 13
- 6. What is Next!? Next! includes multimedia information like images and videos fromYoutube and other Google apps Next! includes historical informations from Wikipedia sabato 28 settembre 13
- 7. Suggests in Next! Next! “automatically” know what is the nearest place closest to user interests Using Search Graph, Next! traces all sites visited by users In this way, is easy to suggest the right next sites for an user sabato 28 settembre 13
- 8. Next! Navigator A webGIS provides data to Next!, allowing the path building... In the future, users can retrieve also parking, foods, leisure near a place sabato 28 settembre 13
- 9. DESIGNING NEXT! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 10. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 11. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Actually, the only way to search points of interest is to find it on a map... State of art sabato 28 settembre 13
- 12. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design There are a lot of apps, but none of these includes a complete platform for touristic info State of art None of these uses the historical graph! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 13. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design 1) Tanyel receives information on the place visited Problem Scenarios in Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site 3 problem scenarios, one for all main functionalities of Next! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 14. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design 1) An user can receive information on the place visited 2) An user can search new places to visit 3) An user can search the path for the next site sabato 28 settembre 13
- 15. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited sabato 28 settembre 13
- 16. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited time-saving sabato 28 settembre 13
- 17. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited sabato 28 settembre 13
- 18. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited Money-saving sabato 28 settembre 13
- 19. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited sabato 28 settembre 13
- 20. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited Smartphone needed sabato 28 settembre 13
- 21. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit sabato 28 settembre 13
- 22. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit Suggests sabato 28 settembre 13
- 23. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit sabato 28 settembre 13
- 24. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit Time-saving sabato 28 settembre 13
- 25. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit sabato 28 settembre 13
- 26. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site sabato 28 settembre 13
- 27. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site Time-saving sabato 28 settembre 13
- 28. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site sabato 28 settembre 13
- 29. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site GPS needed sabato 28 settembre 13
- 30. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Simple design & simple graphic elements for immediate perception and interpretation sabato 28 settembre 13
- 31. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Conceptual division of tasks Proximity Gestalt Principle sabato 28 settembre 13
- 32. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Similarity Gestalt Principle sabato 28 settembre 13
- 33. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Use of “standard” icons Consistency sabato 28 settembre 13
- 34. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design SYSTEM GOAL ACTION PLAN EXECUTION Virtuality Principle sabato 28 settembre 13
- 35. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design SYSTEM GOAL ACTION PLAN EXECUTION Icons suggest goals to the user VisualThinking sabato 28 settembre 13
- 36. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13
- 37. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13
- 38. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13
- 39. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13
- 40. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13
- 41. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13
- 42. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13
- 43. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Storyboard sabato 28 settembre 13
- 44. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Storyboard sabato 28 settembre 13
- 45. DEMO sabato 28 settembre 13
- 47. Why? “Usability is like oxygen. You don’t notice it until it’s missing” Usability and the bottom line [Donahue] “1 $ spent in usability results in a return of 30.25 $“ Usability is good business [Donahue et al.] sabato 28 settembre 13
- 48. Usability Testing Design Goals Efficacy Comprehension sabato 28 settembre 13
- 49. Usability Testing Design Problems to solve How verify usability? How select users? How measure usability? How define oracles? How define tasks? How organize tasks? How define usability lab? When perform usability testing? How control the results? sabato 28 settembre 13
- 50. Usability Testing Design On Which Version of Next!? Next! 1.0 Surely, on the prototype of Next! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 51. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13
- 52. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13
- 53. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13
- 54. Usability Testing Design How Define Tasks? Problem Analysis 1) Tanyel receives information on the place visited 2) Nika searches new places to visit 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site 3 tasks, one for all main functionalities of Next! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 55. Usability Testing Design How Measure Usability? NOS Number of steps taken by the user in performing a task S/T Seconds required by the user to perform a task E/T Errors made by the user in performing a task sabato 28 settembre 13
- 56. Usability Testing Design How Define Oracles? Metric Name Oracle defined by NOS (Number of Steps) Interface designer S/T (Seconds for Task) Interface designer E/T (Errors for Task) Pilot Test sabato 28 settembre 13
- 57. Usability Testing Design How Select Users? 10 Novice Users 10 Expert Users Users who have never used a smartphone Users expert in the use of smartphone sabato 28 settembre 13
- 58. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13
- 59. Choosing the Competitor Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 60. Choosing the Competitor Google Maps...Why? Google Maps is the one that allows to execute every tasks selected in the Usability Design Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 61. Experimental Design We evaluated Google Maps using the same metrics of Next! NOS Number of steps taken by the user in performing a task S/T Seconds required by the user to perform a task E/T Errors made by the user in performing a task Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 62. Experimental Design To reduce the conditionating factor we used the Within Group Design 5 Novice users and 5 Expert users began testing Google Maps Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 63. Usability Testing Design Organizing tasks Pre-execution Execution Post- execution 1) Informative consent 2) Pre-execution survey 3) Task list 4) Comprehension survey NOS S/T E/T Usability Testing Design Within group design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 64. Usability Testing Design Organizing tasks Pre-execution Execution Post- execution 1) Informative consent 2) Pre-execution survey 3) Task list 4) Comprehension survey HOW STORE USER EXPERIENCE? NOS S/T E/T Usability Testing Design Within group design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 65. Usability Testing Design Organizing tasks Pre-execution Execution Post- execution 1) Informative consent 2) Pre-execution survey 3) Task list 4) Comprehension survey THINK ALOUD WITH feedback REPORTS NOS S/T E/TWithin group design sabato 28 settembre 13
- 66. Usability Testing Design Test Execution Plan sabato 28 settembre 13
- 67. TEST RESULTS sabato 28 settembre 13
- 68. Usability Testing Results Demographic Analysis sabato 28 settembre 13
- 69. Demographic Analysis Usability Testing Results sabato 28 settembre 13
- 70. Usability Testing Results How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13
- 71. Usability Testing Results Nielsen’s Ten Usability Heuristics Visibility of system status Match between system and real world (Speaking user language) User control and freedom (No too long actions, no unwanted actions) Consistency and standards Error prevention (CRTL-Z...) Recognize rather than recall (Simple layout) Efficiency and flexibility (Shortcut keys) Simple and natural communication (Minimalist design) Help users recognize and recover from errors (Natural language for errors) Help and documentation sabato 28 settembre 13
- 72. Usability Testing Results Nielsen’s Ten Usability Heuristics Visibility of system status Match between system and real world (Speaking user language) User control and freedom (No too long actions, no unwanted actions) Consistency and standards Error prevention (CRTL-Z...) Recognize rather than recall (Simple layout) Efficiency and flexibility (Shortcut keys) Simple and natural communication (Minimalist design) Help users recognize and recover from errors (Natural language for errors) Help and documentation sabato 28 settembre 13
- 73. Usability Testing Results How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13
- 74. Performance Analysis - S/T Usability Testing Results Oracle: 40 secondsMean: 46.44 seconds sabato 28 settembre 13
- 75. Performance Analysis - E/T Usability Testing Results Oracle:1Mean: 1.40 sabato 28 settembre 13
- 76. Performance Analysis - NOS Usability Testing Results sabato 28 settembre 13
- 77. User Feedbacks for Comprehension Usability Testing Results 3 Novice users wondered: “What is this icon?” “What is the functionality?” sabato 28 settembre 13
- 78. User Feedbacks for Comprehension Usability Testing Results 4 Expert users declared that this item is not in the right screen sabato 28 settembre 13
- 79. User Feedbacks for Comprehension Usability Testing Results 7 Novice users and 2 Expert users declared that this icon is not comprehensible sabato 28 settembre 13
- 80. Usability Testing Results How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! Nielsen’sTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13
- 81. Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation Unique Navigation Paths, either for Next! and Google Maps sabato 28 settembre 13
- 82. Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation But...S/T is directly proportional to NOS sabato 28 settembre 13
- 83. Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation Google Maps interface is more confused than the Next! interface sabato 28 settembre 13
- 84. Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation We had to prove that the test results were not casually derived, applying the One Tail t-test One Tail t-test is applicable only if you are a normal distribution of data and the equality of variances sabato 28 settembre 13
- 85. Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation Property Test Passed Normal distribution of data Shapiro-Wilk test Equality of variances Bartlett test sabato 28 settembre 13
- 86. Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation ID Hypothesis Hs/t-0 mean(s/tNEXT) = mean(s/tGMAPS) Hs/t-1 mean(s/tNEXT) > mean(s/tGMAPS) Hypothesis 1 ID Hypothesis HNOE-0 mean(e/tNEXT) = mean(e/tGMAPS) HNOE-1 mean(e/tNEXT) < mean(e/tGMAPS) Hypothesis 2 sabato 28 settembre 13
- 87. ID T p-value Hs/t-0 3.9694 0.0001981 HNOE-0 -1.8431 0.03517 Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation p-value = 0.05 Null hypothesis was rejected, so we confirmed the test results! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 88. Conclusions and Future Works We are on the right way We have to resolve the problems encountered by users, testing different icons or different layouts, and then we have to repeat the usability testing, documentation design! sabato 28 settembre 13
- 89. Conclusions and Future Works We have to implement QR functionality sabato 28 settembre 13
- 90. Conclusions and Future Works We’ll submit our project to upXapp contest in few days sabato 28 settembre 13
- 91. Thank you! Questions and/or comments Dario Di Nucci d.dinucci@studenti.unisa.it Fabio Palomba f.palomba3@studenti.unisa.it Michele Tufano m.tufano10@studenti.unisa.it sabato 28 settembre 13