The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) were finalized in 2013 to update K-12 science education. The standards were developed based on the National Research Council's Framework for K-12 Science Education through collaboration between scientists, educators, and industry leaders. The development process was intensive and the standards aim to provide internationally benchmarked, practice-rich science learning that coherently progresses through grade levels. The standards emphasize three-dimensional learning to develop students' 21st century skills and scientific literacy.