NFC on Android - Near Field Communication
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The document outlines the fundamentals of Near Field Communication (NFC) including its origins, applications, and technology specifics. It covers NFC modes, Android support, tag technologies, and how to write and read NFC tags. Key information about the NFC implementation in Android, including permission and manifest requirements, is also provided.
![Foreground Dispatch
nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch( techListsArray does not matter
activity, here, as ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED
is not in intentFilters array. It can
pendingIntent, be null :-)
intentFiltersArray,
Most basic TAG-catch-all:
techListsArray); use ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED in
filterList, no techs
intent = PendingIntent.getActivity(activity, 0,
new Intent(activity, activity.getClass())
.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP), 0);
IntentFilter ndef = new IntentFilter(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
ndef.addDataType("*/*");
intentFiltersArray = new IntentFilter[] { ndef };
techListsArray = new String[][] { new String[] { NfcA.class.getName() } };](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nfc-110914021611-phpapp01/85/NFC-on-Android-Near-Field-Communication-40-320.jpg)
![Receiving a Tag
public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
Tag tag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
}
...
tag.getId() //returns id as byte[]
String techs[] = tag.getTechList();
for (String tech : techs) {
if (tech.equals("android.nfc.tech.Ndef"))
{
Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag);
ndef.getType()
ndef.getMaxSize()
ndef.canMakeReadOnly()
ndef.isWritable()
NFCUtil.printNdefMessageDetails(ndef.getCachedNdefMessage()));
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nfc-110914021611-phpapp01/85/NFC-on-Android-Near-Field-Communication-41-320.jpg)
NFC on Android - Near Field Communication
- 1. NFC
- 2. about Sven Haiges, hybris GmbH Twitter @hansamann Android, HTML5, Groovy & Grails sven.haiges@hybris.de
- 3. about Sven Haiges, hybris GmbH Twitter @hansamann Android, HTML5, Groovy & Grails sven.haiges@hybris.de NFC
- 4. Basics Card Emulation Reader/Writer P2P NFC TagTechnologies Tag NDEF Dispatch APIs Android
- 5. Basics
- 6. NFC roots: RFID • RFID - Radio Frequency Identification • 1983: First RFID patent granted • Typical, well-known use-cases for RFID animal identification, road taxes, libraries • 2004: Nokia, Philips and Sony established the NFC Forum
- 7. NFC • “transfer data at low speed, without security, over short distances” • ~10 centimeters, in reality less • 424 kBit/s • 13.56 MHz
- 8. NFC Devices • First mainstream Android smartphone: Nexus S • Common in new top Android phones • New RIM / Nokia devices • Apple iPhone?
- 9. Nokia 6131 • released 2006 • early 2007: iPhone! • J2ME Spec: JSR 257 Contactless Communication API • NFC is not new!
- 10. Forecast NFC handsets (k units) 600000 450000 300000 150000 0 2010 2011(e) 2012(e) 2013(e) 2014(e) 2015(e) Source:IHS iSuppli,compiled by Digitimes,May 2011
- 11. Payment
- 12. Tickets Coupons Smart Poster Payment
- 13. Tickets Coupons Smart Poster Payment Identity Keycard Personal ID
- 14. NFC Checkin Tickets Social Coupons Gaming vCard Smart Poster Payment Identity Keycard Personal ID
- 15. NFC Checkin Tickets Social Coupons Gaming vCard Smart Poster Payment WiFi Connections Bluetooth Identity Keycard Personal ID
- 16. Transponder Format Technology/Capacity 13.56 Mhz Wristbands 125 Khz Cards Labels Sticker Keyfobs NFC Forum Tags Type 1-4
- 17. can be made read only! NFC Forum Type 2 Tag Mifare Ultralight - 64 bytes Mifare Ultralight C - 192 bytes
- 19. Mifare Ultralight All Surface Tag
- 20. Mifare Ultralight All Surface Tag Mifare Ultralight Paper Ticket
- 21. Mifare Ultralight All Surface Tag Mifare Ultralight Paper Ticket Mifare Ultralight Square Label
- 22. Mifare Ultralight All Surface Tag Mifare Ultralight Paper Ticket Mifare Classic Mifare Ultralight Keyfob Square Label
- 23. Shops • tagage.net • rfidshop.com • smartcardfocus.com • and many more...
- 24. Comparing NFC Source:NFC Forum
- 25. NFC Modes
- 26. NFC Modes • Peer-to-Peer Mode • Reader/Writer Mode • Card Emulation Mode
- 27. Android NFC Support • Peer-to-Peer Mode: limited • Reader/Writer Mode: excellent support • Card Emulation Mode: no support
- 28. NFC & Android
- 29. NFC & Android • Tag-Reading ab Android 2.3, API Level 9 • Tag-Writing ab Android 2.3.3, API Level 10 • Core classes: NFCAdapter, NFCManager, Tag Technology Classes
- 30. Android Manifest • NFC Permission <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> • API Level <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> • NFC Feature <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
- 31. Android Manifest <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="de.flavor.android.nfc" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MimeActivity" android:label="MIME"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="application/json" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" /> </manifest>
- 32. Android Manifest <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="de.flavor.android.nfc" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MimeActivity" android:label="MIME"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="application/json" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" /> </manifest>
- 33. Android Manifest <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="de.flavor.android.nfc" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MimeActivity" android:label="MIME"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="application/json" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" /> </manifest>
- 34. Android Manifest <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="de.flavor.android.nfc" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MimeActivity" android:label="MIME"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="application/json" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" /> </manifest>
- 35. NFCManager • NFCManager used to get the NFCAdapter • Boring • Shortcut for getSystemService(NFC_SERVICE)
- 36. NFCAdapter • the real thing • Control Foreground Dispatch and P2P NDEF Push • check if NFC is turned on
- 37. Checking for NFC if (!getNFCAdapter().isEnabled()) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Please activate NFC and press back to return to the application!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); startActivity( new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_WIRELESS_SETTINGS) ); }
- 38. Reading a Tag • Unlock phone, touch tag :-) • Most likely, the intent chooser will open
- 39. Foreground Dispatch • Foreground Activity may redirect all intents related to tag, technology or NDEF discovery to itself • Getting all tags while activity is visible: enable in onResume(), disable in onPause()
- 40. Foreground Dispatch nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch( techListsArray does not matter activity, here, as ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED is not in intentFilters array. It can pendingIntent, be null :-) intentFiltersArray, Most basic TAG-catch-all: techListsArray); use ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED in filterList, no techs intent = PendingIntent.getActivity(activity, 0, new Intent(activity, activity.getClass()) .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP), 0); IntentFilter ndef = new IntentFilter(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED); ndef.addDataType("*/*"); intentFiltersArray = new IntentFilter[] { ndef }; techListsArray = new String[][] { new String[] { NfcA.class.getName() } };
- 41. Receiving a Tag public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { Tag tag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG); } ... tag.getId() //returns id as byte[] String techs[] = tag.getTechList(); for (String tech : techs) { if (tech.equals("android.nfc.tech.Ndef")) { Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag); ndef.getType() ndef.getMaxSize() ndef.canMakeReadOnly() ndef.isWritable() NFCUtil.printNdefMessageDetails(ndef.getCachedNdefMessage())); } }
- 42. Tag Technologies Tag Technologies map to tech specifications or to pseudo-technologie or capabilities like NDEF or NDEFFormatable TagTechnology MifareClassic MifareUltralight NdefFormatable Ndef NfcA NfcB NfcF NfcV IsoDep
- 43. Tag Technologies Tag Technologies map to tech specifications or to pseudo-technologie or capabilities like NDEF or NDEFFormatable TagTechnology MifareClassic MifareUltralight NdefFormatable Ndef NfcA NfcB NfcF NfcV IsoDep
- 44. NDEF • NFC Data Exchange Format • NFC Forum • Records can be MIME-type media, URIs or RTDs (Record Type Definitions) 1 * Ndef-Tag NdefMessage NdefRecord
- 45. NdefRecord TNF Type ID Payload
- 46. NdefRecord TNF Type ID Payload URI URI :-) NdefRecord WELL_KNOWN SMART_POSTER MIME TEXT
- 47. Reading Tag Content //r = NdefRecord if (r.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_ABSOLUTE_URI) { b.append(String .format("TNF_ABSOLUTE_URI: type(%1$s), id(%2$s), payload(%3$s)n", new String(r.getType()), idBytes.toString(), new String(r.getPayload()))); } else if (r.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_MIME_MEDIA) { b.append(String .format("TNF_MIME_MEDIA: type(%1$s), id(%2$s), payload(%3$s)n", new String(r.getType()), idBytes.toString(), new String(r.getPayload()))); }
- 48. Tag Dispatch
- 49. Tag Dispatch Foreground Activity Dispatch NDEF Data Dispatch: ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED Tag Technology Dispatch: ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED Fall-back Dispatch: ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED
- 50. Direct Start • Write custom NDEF MIME-type media messages • Use custom IntentFilter to bind to your messages
- 51. Writing NDEF MIME NdefMessage msg = NFCUtil.getNdefMimeMessage("application/json", "{"key":"value"}"); Intent i = new Intent(this, WriteActivity.class); i.putExtra(WriteActivity.NDEF_MESSAGE, msg); startActivity(i);
- 52. Writing NDEF MIME NdefMessage msg = NFCUtil.getNdefMimeMessage("application/json", "{"key":"value"}"); Intent i = new Intent(this, WriteActivity.class); i.putExtra(WriteActivity.NDEF_MESSAGE, msg); startActivity(i);
- 53. Writing NDEF MIME private static NdefRecord getMimeRecord(String mimeType, String content) { NdefRecord record = new NdefRecord(NdefRecord.TNF_MIME_MEDIA, mimeType.getBytes(), getRandomIdBytes(), content.getBytes()); return record; }
- 54. Writing NDEF MIME Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag); if (ndef.isWritable() && ndef.getMaxSize() > this.msg.toByteArray().length) { ndef.connect(); ndef.writeNdefMessage(this.msg); ndef.close(); } else //show toast?
- 55. P2P: NDEF Push • Create NDEF Message which is pushed to another active device once the other device is close NfcAdapter.enableForegroundNdefPush(activity, ndefmessage) NfcAdapter.disableForegroundNdefPush(activity)
- 56. about Sven Haiges, hybris GmbH Twitter @hansamann Android, HTML5, Groovy & Grails sven.haiges@hybris.de
- 57. about Sven Haiges, hybris GmbH Twitter @hansamann Android, HTML5, Groovy & Grails sven.haiges@hybris.de NFC
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