The document recounts the commissioning of Barnabas and Saul by the Holy Spirit to spread the Christian message, beginning their journey in Cyprus where they preached in synagogues. They encountered opposition from a Jewish wizard named Bar-Jesus, who tried to prevent the governor, Sergius Paulus, from embracing their message. After a confrontation where Saul (Paul) calls out the wizard's deceit, the governor becomes a believer, impressed by the transformative power they shared.