The document compares Node.js and PHP for server-side development. Node.js is an open-source JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine. It uses non-blocking I/O and an event loop to handle many concurrent connections with high performance. PHP requires threads per request. Node.js generally outperforms PHP due to its asynchronous and non-blocking design. However, PHP has easier implementation and more community support, frameworks, and content management systems. The best choice depends on the application's requirements.