Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance.pptx
- 1. • the study of heredity and variation. It aims to understand how traits can be passed on to the next generation • Heredity - traits are passed on from parents to offspring. • Variation - demonstrates differences among individuals.
- 2. • Austrian Monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden specifically with pea plants. • Father of Genetics
- 3. • Phenotype –observable or detectable characteristics of an individual(ex. Tall, short, color of the eyes) • Genotype – genetic makeup of an individual (ex.TT, Tt, tt) • Homozygous – having same allele(AA,aa) • Heterozygous – consisting of two different allele(Aa)
- 4. • Alleles –alternate forms or varieties of a gene • Dominant Allele – allele that mask the presence of recessive allele in the phenotype • Recessive Allele – allele that is masked in the phenotype by the presence of dominant allele. It is expressed when the
- 5. The Mendelian patterns of Inheritance were further explored by modern geneticists for reason that there were other outcomes of experimentations and inquiries that cannot answered by the Laws of
- 6. • One pattern discovered is that one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele resulting in the blending of characteristics or the appearance of an intermediate phenotype possessed by two parents. • Example: Flower color of Hibiscus . (gumamela) and Mirabilis jalapa (four o’clock flower). The crossed between a red-colored flower and another white-colored flower would result in the production of offspring that are pink-colored.
- 8. P1 : Red flowers(RR) x White flowers(WW)
- 11. • In some cases, the heterozygous characteristics are both fully expressed in the F1 offspring. • Example: coat color in cattle, both red and white coat colors in cattle are
- 12. R R W RW (Roan) RW (Roan) W RW (Roan) RW (Roan) Genotypes: 4:0 or 100% RW Phenotypes: 4:0 0r 100% Roan coat
- 13. 1.In horses, chestnut and white color are both dominant. Horses heterozygous for this trait are golden tan in color. Suppose a golden tan horse is bred to a white –colored horse. CC-chestnut color; WW-white color; CW-golden tan in color CW x WW
- 14. 2. In watermelons, dark green skin color in fruits is dominant over light green skin color. When two watermelons were crossed, their offspring all have skin colors that are light green with stripes of dark green. • What are the genotypes of the two parents? Of the offspring formed? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Genotypes: 4:0 or 100% DL Phenotype: 4:0 or 100% light green with stripes of dark green
- 15. 3. In cats, black and tan fur colors are both dominant. When a cat with a black color is mated to a cat with tan color, the offspring produced will have a fur with tabby pattern. Suppose a black(BB)cat mated with a tabby cat(BT). B B B ? ? T ? ?
- 17. • Traits are controlled by multiple alleles. • Example: Human blood groups – A, B, AB and O. Coat color in Rabbits-Agouti, Chinchilla, Himalayan and Albino.
- 18. Phenotype (blood group) Genotype s antigens on red blood cells plasma antibodies A IAIA, IAIO A anti-B B IBIB, IBIO B anti-A AB IAIB A and B none O ii none anti-A and anti-B
- 19. Blood type A Blood type B IA i 𝑥 IB i Genotypes: Phenotypes: IA i IB i
Editor's Notes
- #5: In genetics, “dominant” genes are those that are always expressed if they are found in an organism. Dominant genes may be expressed as co-dominant (where two different traits are both expressed alongside each other) or as dominant/recessive (where the presence of a dominant gene completely masks the presence of a recessive gene).
- #11: Livestock When a chicken with white feathers breeds with a chicken with black feathers, the result is an offspring that grows up to have both black and white feathers. Likewise, when a red cattle breeds with a white cattle, the resulting offspring may show both red and white hairs resulting in a mixed coat pattern called “roan.”
- #12: Rhododendron Rhododendrons and other flowers may also exhibit codominance. In the case of rhododendrons, the crossing of a red and white flower may yield a flower that has both red and white patches. Many flowers show similar patterns of codominance, where both of the parental flower colors show up in different parts of the plant.