Singapore faced high unemployment, poverty, and overcrowded housing conditions after separating from Malaysia in 1965. Unemployment was at 14% and GDP per capita was under $2,700. Half the population was illiterate. However, through reforms to its education system emphasizing problem solving, Singapore was able to achieve high economic growth and GDP per capita over $60,000 by 2012. The education system focused on developing number sense, visualization, generalization skills and linking instrumental and relational understanding.