Null mumbai-iot-workshop
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This document provides information about an IoT workshop hosted by Null Mumbai. It introduces the workshop organizers, Nitesh Malviya and Ganesh Naik, and their backgrounds in security and embedded systems. It then defines IoT and discusses its various components, including physical devices, sensors, networks, and cloud services. The document outlines common processor architectures, operating systems, protocols, and hardware that are used in IoT, such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, MQTT, and more. It provides examples of how these pieces fit together in an IoT system and references materials for further learning.
Null mumbai-iot-workshop
- 1. Null Mumbai – IOT Workshop
- 2. About Us 1) Nitesh Malviya - • Security Consultant with Payatu Technologies, • Experience in Web Pentesting, VAPT and Mobile Appsec • An IOT enthusiast and learner
- 3. 2) Ganesh Naik • Consultant in Embedded Linux & Embedded Android Product Development at Levana Technologies • Author of
- 4. What is IoT ?? • The internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data(Wikipedia) • Internet of things increases the connectedness of people and things on a scale that once was unimaginable.
- 5. Various Names, One Concept • M2M (Machine to Machine) • “Internet of Everything” (Cisco Systems) • “World Size Web” (Bruce Schneier) • “Skynet” (Terminator movie) Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance
- 6. Where is IoT? Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance It’s everywhere!
- 7. Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance
- 8. Devices like… • Networking devices(routers, firewalls, IDS) • Set-top boxes • Medical devices(Health monitors) • Mobile phones. • Home security systems • Vehicles, in-flight entertainment. • Thermostats, metering systems, consumer electronics Displays
- 9. Components Of IOT • Physical Objects – Things • Sensors - Sense the physical environment • Actuators - Affect the physical environment • People - Humans can control the environment via mobile apps • Services - Cloud services • Platforms - Type of middleware used to connect IoT components to IOT. • Networks - IoT components are tied together by networks, using various wireless and wireline technologies
- 10. Common Processor Architectures • ARM (ARM7, ARM9, Cortex) • Intel ATOM • MIPS • Atmel AVR • Motorola 6800/68000 (68k) • Ambarella • Axis CRIS
- 11. Common Buses • Serial buses - SPI, I2C, 1-Wire, UART • PCI, PCIExpress • AMBA – SOC Chip
- 12. Common Communication Lines • Ethernet - RJ45 • CAN/FlexRay - BMW Cars • Bluetooth • WIFI • Infrared • Zigbee • Other radios (ISM-Band etc) • GPRS
- 13. Common Directly Addressable Memory • DRAM - Dynamic RAM • SRAM – Static RAM • ROM – READ ONLY MEMORY • Flash Memory
- 14. Common Operating Systems • Linux - Perhaps most favourite and most encoutered • VxWorks • Cisco IOS • Windows CE/NT • L4 • eCos • DOS • Symbian • JunOS • Ambarella
- 15. Common Bootloaders • Bootloader is a piece of code that runs before any operating system is running. • Bootloader are used to boot other operating systems Common Bootloaders – a. U-Boot b. Perhaps most favourite and most encoutered c. RedBoot d. BareBox e. Ubicom bootloader
- 16. Common Libraries and Dev Envs • busybox + uClibc - Perhaps most favourite and most encoutered • Buildroot • openembedded • crosstool • crossdev
- 17. Firmware Formats/Flavors • Ar • YAFFS • JFFS2 • SquashFS • CramFS • ROMFS • UbiFS • xFAT • NTFS • extNfs • iHEX • SREC/S19 • PJL • CPIO/Ar/Tar/GZip/BZip/LZxxx/RPM
- 18. IoT Protocol Stack/Communication Layer Management Layer (cloud, apps...) Communication Layer (network...) Sensing Layer (devices...)
- 19. Sensing Layer • Dont take it literally :) • Data collection from the physical world • And/Or operation for physical world • Sensors, monitors, camera, readers etc
- 20. Communication Layer • Information exchange between two layers • Provides a channel for data transmission/ communication - Wifi - Wired - Mobile Data - …
- 21. Management Layer • Making sense of the data • Data Processing • Storage • Presentation • Action
- 23. Common Protocols used in IoT devices • Protocol – Way 2 or more device/s can communicate with each other. • Ex – HTTP,FTP,SMTP,SNMP etc • For IOT can same be use?? • Protocols – MQTT, CoAP, XMPP, RESTful HTTP etc.
- 24. Common Protocols used in IoT devices
- 25. MQTT Protocol • MQTT was developed by Andy Stanford-Clark and Arlen Nipper in 1999 • Lightweight messaging protocol designed for sensors and devices with • Flaky network connectivity • Low computing power • Connections where bandwidth is at a premium • Uses a publish/subscribe architecture in contrast to HTTP with its request/response paradigm • Components - Publisher/Client, Broker and Subscriber.
- 26. MQTT Overview • Each client that wants to receive messages subscribes to a certain topic and the broker delivers all messages with the matching topic to the client. Therefore the clients don’t have to know each other, they only communicate over the topic
- 27. MQTT WORKFLOW • Central concept in MQTT to dispatch messages are Topics. • A topic is a simple string that can have more hierarchy levels, which are separated by a slash. Example - house/living-room/temperature • Client can subscribe to the exact topic or on the other hand use a wildcard (# or +) • The subscription to house/+/temperature would result in all message send to the previously mention topic house/living-room/temperature as well as any topic with an arbitrary value in the place of living room, example house/kitchen/temperature. • If you need to subscribe to more than one level, for example to the entire subtree, there is also a multilevel wildcard (#). It allows to subscribe to all underlying hierarchy levels. Example house/# is subscribing to all topics beginning with house
- 28. Protocol Use Case • Let us see the practical implementation of Protocol. • Raspberry Pi has a sensor and sends message to Broker • Broker has a list of subscriber and sends message to them • For practical Implementation - http://www.hivemq.com/blog/how-to- get-started-with-mqtt
- 29. Cloud Service Providers • Amazon • Microsoft • IBM • Google • Salesforce • Cisco • Oracle • SAP • Bosch…..
- 30. IOT Prototyping boards Prototyping boards are microcontrollers and microprocessors with chipsets to handle wireless connections. These development board with Cloud IoT platform enable a fast prototyping process. They are – a. Arduino Uno b. Arduino MKR1000 c. BeagleBone black d. Raspberry PI e. UDOO f. Particle Photon
- 31. What we will be using ?? Arduino Uno Raspberry PI
- 32. Arduino • What is Arduino – A development board which include programming interface, power circuit, basic I/O pins, buttons, LEDs etc as shown
- 33. What is the Arduino
- 34. Arduino IDE See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information
- 35. Getting Started • Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage 1. Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE) 2. Connect the board to your computer via the USB cable 3. If needed, install the drivers (not needed in lab) 4. Launch the Arduino IDE 5. Select your board 6. Select your serial port 7. Open the blink example 8. Upload the program
- 36. Try It: Connect the USB Cable
- 38. Add an External LED to pin 13 • File > Examples > Digital > Blink • LED’s have polarity – Negative indicated by flat side of the housing and a short leg www.instructables.com
- 39. A Little Bit About Programming • Code is case sensitive • Statements are commands and must end with a semi-colon • Comments follow a // or begin with /* and end with */ • loop and setup
- 41. Terminology
- 42. Digital I/0 pinMode(pin, mode) Sets pin to either INPUT or OUTPUT digitalRead(pin) Reads HIGH or LOW from a pin digitalWrite(pin, value) Writes HIGH or LOW to a pin Electronic stuff Output pins can provide 40 mA of current Writing HIGH to an input pin installs a 20KΩ pullup
- 43. Arduino Timing • delay(ms) – Pauses for a few milliseconds • delayMicroseconds(us) – Pauses for a few microseconds • More commands: arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage
- 45. RaspberryPi
- 46. What is a Raspberry Pi? • A credit card sized PC • Plugs into a TV or monitor • Inexpensive(ish) ~$30-40 each • Capability: • Programming • Electronic Projects • Office • Play HD Videos
- 47. Kit Components • Essential: • Raspberry Pi board • Prepared Operating System SD Card • USB keyboard • Display (with HDMI, DVI, or Composite input) • Power Supply • Highly suggested extras include: • USB mouse • Internet connectivity - LAN cable • Powered USB Hub • Case
- 48. Programming Languages • The Raspberry Pi Foundation recommends Python • Any language which will compile for ARMv6 can be used • Installed by default on the Raspberry Pi: • C • C++ • Java • Scratch • Ruby • Python
- 49. Setup
- 51. Power 5v micro USB connector (Similar to the one on a lot of mobile phones!)
- 52. 3.5mm Audio Standard headphone socket RCA Video (works with most older TVs) HDMI Audio & Video (works with modern TVs and DVI monitors) A/V (Audio/Video)
- 53. GPIO (General Purpose Input & Output) 10/100Mb Ethernet 2 x USB 2.0 ports Connectivity
- 54. DSI (display interface) SOC (System On a Chip) Broadcom BCM2835 700Mhz Internals LAN Controller CSI (camera interface)
- 55. SD Card Slot (supports SD cards up to 32GB) Storage
- 56. DEMO TIME – LIVE PROJECTS
- 57. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- #6: British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton first coined the term in 1999 while working at Auto-ID Labs (originally called Auto-ID centers - referring to a global network of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) connected objects).[10] Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications.[11] The interconnection of these embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling advanced applications like a Smart Grid,[12] and expanding to the areas such as smart cities. Cisco Systems refers to IoT as the “Internet of Everything”… Bruce Schinerer recently referred to two new colloquial terms – World Spanning Robot and Benign Organization. There is also the term “Skynet” in reference to the Terminator movies that is frequently discussed in Blog and online postings/jargon.
- #7: IoT is everywhere! (Audience Participation)
- #8: M2M/IoT Sector Map :: Beecham Research http://www.beechamresearch.com/article.aspx?id=4 The following graphic from Beecham Research depicts how the Internet of Things may interact with various service sectors within the public/private sectors and ordinary consumers. Public sector entities (such as universities) may have some level of involvement and interaction within all service sectors depicted; ranging from the operation and industry elements of buildings, to levels of research, retail entities, transportation, and IT/Networks. **Place emphasis on service sectors, that it is likely that at least one example of devices may be found within university networks.