Nutanix vdi workshop presentation
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This document summarizes an interactive workshop on virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) design. It discusses technical components of VDI like where desktops are delivered from and run, as well as storage considerations. Key topics covered include IO dispersion across different types of storage, squeezing virtual machines onto hardware, and balancing persistent versus non-persistent desktops. The document also outlines several important considerations for a successful VDI implementation like whether to use a traditional or converged infrastructure, how to pilot VDI, scaling out cost effectively, and where to focus efforts.
Nutanix vdi workshop presentation
- 1. Interactive VDI Design 1 Workshop Team member 1, Team member 2 NutanixTeam NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 2. 2 Session Interactivity • If Tweeting about this session, please use @Nutanix in your tweet. NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 3. 3 VDI Technical Components HOW THE DESKTOPS ARE DELIVERED VDI WHERE THE DESKTOPS RUN COMPUTE WHERE THE DESKTOPS LIVE STORAGE NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 4. 4 4 STORAGE – BUILDING THE BASE FOR SUCCESS NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 5. 5 The Biggest On-Going Lie NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 6. 6 Storage Design Infrastructure Gotcha's Network Interconnect Limited number of storage Controllers Performance is King Random steady state I/O attributes of Virtual Desktop (results in excess spindle count) Reads are Easy, Writes are Hard Overprovisioning of storage required for acceptable performance (expensive) Network interconnect often becomes a bottleneck NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 7. 7 IO Dispersion Tiered storage is defined with a single aggregate, but volumes are broken down into the following six different types: • Operating System Template • Master Replica • Parent Replica • Linked Clone – Composed of Delta Footprint + Log + User Data Disk. • Persistent Disk – Optional, and ideally not used for Stateless Desktop • Disposable Disk NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 8. 8 IO Dispersion Storage tiering – Manual vs Automatic • Replica on SSD storage • Offload operations •C: - System disk •Profile -View Virtual Profiles •User Data –Folder Redirection for Home Directory •Applications –Streamed ThinApp NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 9. 9 IO Dispersion – XenDesktop Tiered storage is defined with a single aggregate, but volumes are broken down into the following types: Machine Creation Services Provisioning Services (PVS) (MCS) • Master vDisk • Master Image • Difference Disk • Master Snapshot • Write Cache • Host Snapshot • PvDisk – Optional • Difference Disk Master vDisk • ID Disk VM R/O Image File • PvDisk – Optional VM Streamed from PVS Host Read Snapshot Write (R/O) PVS Server/ VM ID DIsk Difference Write Cache Disk Compute Host Compute Host NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 10. 10 IO Dispersion Storage tiering – Manual vs Automatic • Replica on SSD storage • Offload operations •C: - System disk •Profile -View Virtual Profiles / Citrix UPM •User Data –Folder Redirection for Home Directory •Applications –Streamed ThinApp, Streamed XenApp, or Hosted XenApp NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 11. 11 COMPUTE – Squeezing Them In NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 12. 12 How Many VM’s Can Fit in this sucker? NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 13. 13 How Many VM’s Can Fit In This sucker? CPU NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 14. 14 How Many VM’s Can Fit In This sucker? RAM NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 15. 15 Setting Memory Reservation NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 16. 16 32 is the New 8 Cluster Size NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 17. 17 Why Not 10,000 Users per vCenter? NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 18. 18 Pods & Blocks NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 19. 19 Pods & Blocks Pods • User/datacenter • Security boundaries • BCDR requirements • Networking • Stretching the StorageFailure domains Blocks • Pool Types • Administration • Operational Impactsizing NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 20. 20 Brokers NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 21. 21 21 Delivering the Desktop NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 22. 22 Load Balancers NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 23. 23 Networking • Mark the Traffic • WRED FTW! • Scanvenger • USB Traffic • Stay under 80% • 200kps for average user • Application Streaming • Subnet sizing •/25 /24/ /23 /22 NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 24. Networking - Optimize your Protocol for your 24 Use Case • Frame Rate • Bandwidth Floor • Min & Max Image Quality • Audio Limit • Group Policy • Caching NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 25. 25 Picking your ClientsEnd Point • Managed Unmanaged • Security • Repurposing • Future Plans Upgrades NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 26. 26 Security Considerations • vShield Manager • App Zone • Data Security • EndPoint • Certificates NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 27. 27 Security Considerations – Authentication • Password • Smartcards • Kiosk Mode • Radius • Copy and Paste • USB – Allow or Disallow NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 28. 28 Application Deployment • Do What Works For You • ThinApp, XenApp & App-V – The Bubble • Stream or Not to Stream • Compression •ThinReg vs SDK • Unidesk & Mirage – Layering • ProfileUnity – GUI & Scripts • Horizon • All of the above will have impact on storage & performance NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 29. 29 User Personalization • Test, Test, Test • ViewPersona - RTO • Unidesk & Mirage – Layering • ProfileUnity • All of the above will have impact on storage & performance NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 30. 30 Persistent vs Non-Persistent Persistent Non-Persistent • Quick logon • Delete instead of fix • Like a regular desktop to maintain • Spare Pool • Easier to find the desktop • Survival of ADAM errors • Infrastructure people will love • Larger impact on IO • Hardier recovery • Profile Management Needed • InfoBlox • Other considerations • Pool Size • Power On/Power Off NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 31. 31 AD Blunders That Can Hurt You • Configure all DC’s as Global Catalog Servers • Missing Subnets in AD • Closet Domain Controller • DNS Aging & Scavenging • Orphaned DC’s http://carlwebster.com/briforum-2012-chicago NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 32. 32 32 KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR SUCCESS NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 34. 34 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure A massive strain on legacy traditional infrastructure QuickTime™ and a H.264 decompressor are needed to see this picture. NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 35. 35 The SSD Band-Aid ...that doesn’t solve the real problem NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 36. 36 Nutanix Converged Virtualization Appliance Dramatically Lower TCO with True Convergence Built-In Enterprise-Grade Data Management NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 37. Consideration 2 HOW TO SUCCESSFULLY PILOT VDI 37
- 38. 38 1) What gear for the Pilot? OR NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 39. 41 Rapid Desktop Program - for POC’s • Only 85LBs per Nutanix appliance • Hundreds of VMs • Shrink from half-rack to transit cases • Turnkey with VDI already installed* *not available for secured enclaves NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 40. CONSIDERATION 3 HOW DO YOU SCALE- OUT, cost effectively? 42
- 41. 43 Target lock? 600 more CORRECTION users! $$$$$ - WASTE - $$$$$ 2,000 users please! MEASURED ERROR PERFECT VDI REFERENCE NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 42. 44 Target lock! CORRECTION 600 more users! PERFECT REFERENCE VDI 2,000 users please! NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 43. 45 True Scale-Out VDI Provisioned 300 desktops on each Nutanix CVA & scaled LINEARLY to 3,000 NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 44. CONSIDERATION 4 WHERE SHOULD YOU FOCUS? 47
- 45. 48 The MANY Layers of VDI NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 46. CONSIDERATION 5 COST 49
- 47. 50 VDI Cost Breakdown: Traditional Architecture NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 48. 53 VDI Cost Comparison: Scale-Out inefficient scale-out additional costs of entry Virtual Desktop Users NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
- 49. 54 Q&A - Next Steps NUTANIX INC. – CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
Editor's Notes
- #6: 20 IOPS is the big lie. If desktops needed only 20 IOPS we wouldn’t put SSD’s in our laptops! Thank god we have PCI-Flash! Operational they number is way higher. Recomposing, refreshes, updates, boot storms need to be accounted forPerformance fluctuations have high visibility and impact.
- #8: Talk about the merits of letting the array be the smart guy vs using a whiptail like device. Chance for more human error if you use all SSD array like violin or whiptail.Talk about the design impact off offload certain operations
- #9: Talk about the merits of letting the array be the smart guy vs using a whiptail like device. Chance for more human error if you use all SSD array like violin or whiptail.Talk about the design impact off offload certain operationsTalk Filers and Data movers being the bottle neck and yo-yoing the storage traffic
- #10: Talk about he different architectures of MCS vs PVS.
- #11: Talk about the merits of letting the array be the smart guy vs using a whiptail like device. Chance for more human error if you use all SSD array like violin or whiptail.Talk about the design impact off offload certain operationsTalk Filers and Data movers being the bottle neck and yo-yoing the storage traffic
- #13: Talk about the merits of letting the array be the smart guy vs using a whiptail like device. Chance for more human error if you use all SSD array like violin or whiptail.Talk about the design impact off offload certain operations
- #14: Reference states – 1 for XP , 2 is a must for most deploymentshypervisor is blind to is the type of workload that is being done , multimedia applications tend to struggle as physical cores become oversubscribed.Once you allocate 2 vCPU, your host hypervisor scalability will decrease because the CPU scheduler must do more work.
- #15: Large pages will be broken down if memory pressure occurs in the system. If no memory pressure is detected on the host, i.e the demand is lower than the memory available, the ESX host will try to leverage large pages to have the best performance. Just calculate how big the Translation lookaside Buffer (TLB)is when a 2GB virtual machine use small pages (2048MB/4KB=512.000) or when using large pages 2048MB/2.048MB =1000. The VMkernel need to traverse the TLB through all these pages. And this is only for one virtual machine, imagine if there are 50 VMs running on the host. There is operational impact with taking off large pagesUsing Large pages shows a different memory usage level, but there is nothing to worry about. If memory demand exceeds the availability of memory, the VMkernel will resort to share-before-swap and compress-before-swap. Resulting in collapsed pages and reducing the memory pressure.
- #16: Talk about the impact of setting a Memory Reservation
- #17: Talk about Cluster size moving up now that Vmware supports bigger cluster sizes due to vStorage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI)I will advise at keeping it at 8 for the sake of operations
- #19: Discussing Pod\\Block Design
- #20: Discussing Pod\\Block Design
- #21: Talk about the security servers in relation to connections serversTalk about the ADAM database and why it’s not like Normal Active DirectoryDoes anyone have something for Xen?
- #23: Talk namespace and geo-dispersed podsF5 can manage user sessions across Pods Currently, Cisco ACE will not manage session state across View Pods. Cisco is working on resolution, need to see if this fixed or notLoad Balancers used in DMZ or on the Internal Network need to be Session-Aware. Can it handle the portocol your trying to deliver
- #24: Talk namespace and geo-dispersed podsF5 can manage user sessions across Pods Currently, Cisco ACE will not manage session state across View Pods. Cisco is working on resolution, need to see if this fixed or notLoad Balancers used in DMZ or on the Internal Network need to be Session-Aware. Can it handle the portocol your trying to deliver
- #25: Can someone add HDX infor?
- #26: Zero Clients for the winSecurity impact of your decisionRepurposing is very hard for user adoptionHow flexible is your decision
- #32: Aging and scavenging must be enabled in four placesdns serverdns server properties forward lookup zones reverse lookup zones