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Object-Oriented Analysis
(Coad-Yourdon)
Subash Khatiwada
1st semester MSc.CSIT, CDCSIT, Kritipur
OOA- Introduction
• Object Oriented Analysis is an analysis model developed to describe
the functionality of the system.
• Peter Coad and Edward Yourdon described step by step method for
developing object oriented system models in 1991.
Why do we need Object Oriented Analysis?
1. Tackle more challenging problem domains.
2. Improve analyst and problem domain expert interaction.
3. Increase the internal consistency of analysis results.
4. Explicitly represent commonality.
5. Build specifications resilient to change.
6. Reuse analysis results.
7. Provide a consistent underlying representation for analysis.
Five major activities of OOA
1. Finding Class & Objects
2. Identifying Structures
3. Identifying Subjects
4. Defining Attributes
5. Defining Services
[1] Finding Class & Objects
Class & objects within a problem domain and within the context of a system’s
responsibilities are identified.
Where to look?
1. Observe first-hand
2. Actively listen to problem domain experts
3. Check previous OOA results
4. Check other systems
5. Prototype
6. Read, Read, Read 
Graphical Notation
Representing
Aircraft in class
notation
[2] Identifying Structures
Overall structures of system is identified by two terms:
1. Generalization and Specialization (Gen-Spec) Structure
It captures the inheritance hierarchy among identified classes.
2. Whole-Part Structure
Whole-part structure is used to model how an object is part of another object and
how an objects are grouped into larger categories.
Object Oriented Analysis (Coad-Yourdon)
Example: Gen-Spec Structure
Example: Whole-Part Structure
an aircraft is an assembly of
• possibly no engine (a glider!)
• at most four engines
and an engine is part of
• possibly no aircraft
• at most one aircraft
[3] Identifying Subjects
• Identifying subjects is done by partitioning the Class & Objects model
into larger units.
• Subjects are groups of Class & Objects.
• Subjects are defined after identifying system’s structures.
[4] Defining Attributes
Defining attributes is done by identifying information and associations
that should be associated with each and every instance.
Example: Instance Connection
A particular fight plan must be
assigned for exactly one aircraft,
any particular aircraft may have
zero or many flight plans.
[5] Defining Services
• Defining services means defining the operation of the classes, this is
done by identifying the object states and defining services such as
create, access, connect, display and so on.
• How the objects communicate with messages is identified using
message connections.
Strategy – Defining Services
1. Identifying Object States
2. Identify the required Services
3. Identify the Message Connections
4. Specify the Services eg. Radar.SerachAirSpace()
5. Put the OOA documentation set together
Example
Real Time Airlift System (RTAS)
[1] Finding Class &
Objects
[2] Identifying
Structures
[3] Identifying
Subjects
[4] Defining
Attributes
[5] Defining
Services
OOA Multilayer Model
Object Oriented Analysis can be
presented in five layers:
1. Subject Layer
2. Class & Object Layer
3. Structure Layer
4. Attribute Layer
5. Service Layer
Thank you!

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Object Oriented Analysis (Coad-Yourdon)

  • 2. OOA- Introduction • Object Oriented Analysis is an analysis model developed to describe the functionality of the system. • Peter Coad and Edward Yourdon described step by step method for developing object oriented system models in 1991.
  • 3. Why do we need Object Oriented Analysis? 1. Tackle more challenging problem domains. 2. Improve analyst and problem domain expert interaction. 3. Increase the internal consistency of analysis results. 4. Explicitly represent commonality. 5. Build specifications resilient to change. 6. Reuse analysis results. 7. Provide a consistent underlying representation for analysis.
  • 4. Five major activities of OOA 1. Finding Class & Objects 2. Identifying Structures 3. Identifying Subjects 4. Defining Attributes 5. Defining Services
  • 5. [1] Finding Class & Objects Class & objects within a problem domain and within the context of a system’s responsibilities are identified. Where to look? 1. Observe first-hand 2. Actively listen to problem domain experts 3. Check previous OOA results 4. Check other systems 5. Prototype 6. Read, Read, Read 
  • 7. [2] Identifying Structures Overall structures of system is identified by two terms: 1. Generalization and Specialization (Gen-Spec) Structure It captures the inheritance hierarchy among identified classes. 2. Whole-Part Structure Whole-part structure is used to model how an object is part of another object and how an objects are grouped into larger categories.
  • 10. Example: Whole-Part Structure an aircraft is an assembly of • possibly no engine (a glider!) • at most four engines and an engine is part of • possibly no aircraft • at most one aircraft
  • 11. [3] Identifying Subjects • Identifying subjects is done by partitioning the Class & Objects model into larger units. • Subjects are groups of Class & Objects. • Subjects are defined after identifying system’s structures.
  • 12. [4] Defining Attributes Defining attributes is done by identifying information and associations that should be associated with each and every instance.
  • 13. Example: Instance Connection A particular fight plan must be assigned for exactly one aircraft, any particular aircraft may have zero or many flight plans.
  • 14. [5] Defining Services • Defining services means defining the operation of the classes, this is done by identifying the object states and defining services such as create, access, connect, display and so on. • How the objects communicate with messages is identified using message connections.
  • 15. Strategy – Defining Services 1. Identifying Object States 2. Identify the required Services 3. Identify the Message Connections 4. Specify the Services eg. Radar.SerachAirSpace() 5. Put the OOA documentation set together
  • 16. Example Real Time Airlift System (RTAS)
  • 17. [1] Finding Class & Objects
  • 22. OOA Multilayer Model Object Oriented Analysis can be presented in five layers: 1. Subject Layer 2. Class & Object Layer 3. Structure Layer 4. Attribute Layer 5. Service Layer