![References
October 2015
[1] L. A. B. Cortez, F. E. B. Nigro, H. Cantarella, L. A. H. Nogueira, M. A. Ferraz Dias de
Moraes, R. L. V. Leal, T. T. Franco and U. Schuchardt, Roadmap for Sustainable Aviation
Biofuels for Brazil: A Flightpath to Aviation Biofuels in Brazil, Sao Paulo: Bluscher,
2014.
[2] M. Klima, "Biogas Digestion," Eye storm Productions, LLC, Los Angeles, 2011.
[3] S. Cheng, L. Zifu , H.-P. Mang and Elisabeth, "Development and application of
prefabricated biogas digesters in developing countries," Renewable and sustainable
energy reviews 34, pp. 387-400, 30 March 2014.
[4] M. Kammen Daniel, "The Rise of Renewable Energy," Scientific American, vol. 294, pp.
84-93, 2006.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/c0b51661-f8b2-4f87-8ece-129d4b7eef1c-151223185426/85/OIP-presentation-2-23-320.jpg)
OIP presentation 2
- 3. What is and why choose Biogas??? • Combination of CH4, CO2 and H2S gases • Energy consumption increase exponentially • Current state in Energy supply (world & country) • Replacement to depleting fossil fuel • Concerns over climate change (deforestation, floods, landslide and drought) • Increase in waste disposal taxes and cost of fertilizers • Health & sanitation problems
- 6. • To design an above-ground AD for high gas quality in short period of time under extreme conditions (winter) • Generate concepts, mechanical design, numerical test, estimate manufacturing cost • Vehicle, jet fuel, cooking, lighting, Heating & Agro-fertilisers Aim, Objectives and use of biogas
- 7. Selected concept design Horizontal plug flow • low investing cost (no gas holder) • Suitable for both solid and liquid feedstock • High difficulty in removing scum & Easy maintenance • large heating space and low heat input • Susceptible to fatigue failure & gas leakage
- 8. PDS and Mechanical design Sizing of the reactor 1. Gas requirement: 32 𝑚3/𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ at 120 KPa supply line 2. Biomass yield: 0.96 kg/day to meet gas requirements 3. Material thickness: 8 mm 4. Shear force at junction: 3.798 KN 5. Max deflection at junct: 0.00967 mm 6. Welding strength: 19.345 KN 7. Saddle supports: 3.495 KN each 8. Maximum deflection C-plate: 0.697 mm Biogas reactor PDS 1. Biomass load capacity: 15 kg (kitchen) 2. Maximum weight: 715 kg 3. Minimum HRT: 15 days 4. Maximum length: 4.0 m 5. Maximum volume: 4.2 𝑚3 6. Corrosion allowance 6 mm 7. Gas nozzle diameter: 30 mm 8. Effluent nozzle diameter: 128 mm 9. Min hot water inlet temp: 38.5 ℃ 10. Max heat input: 1260 MJ / day (HE) if ambient Temp = 5 ℃
- 9. Biogas potential VS = 52 % Number of moles of biogas: 443 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑑𝑎𝑦 Volume biogas: 8.107 𝑚3 𝑑𝑎𝑦 If Pressure = 140 KPa and Temp = 35 ℃ Performance analysis influent type Kitchen waste SRT = HRT 15 days operating temperature 35 C Volume digester 4.2 m3 % dry 27 % % Ash 13 % % TS 7 % Universal gas constant 8.3144 J/mol-K SHdNHCO dcba CH dcba OH dcba SNOHC dcba 23242 8 324 4 324 4 324 NOHC 6156 syst op gas P TRn V biogasCH VV 6.04
- 10. Finite element analysis Acceptance criteria Discretization and geometry Failure constraints FEM analysis Assembly Maximum stress 68.333 MPa 63.6 MPa Maximum displacement 0.0967 mm 0.0647 mm Cover plate Maximum displacement 0.6947 mm 0.0864 mm Mesh type Solid Mesher used Standard Jacobian points 4 points Element size 74 mm Tolerance 3.717 mm Mesh Quality Draft quality Number of nodes 22675 Number of elements 97494
- 11. Finite element analysis Stress distribution (account for both thermal and pressure stresses) Max stress: 63.6 MPa
- 12. Finite element analysis Displacement distribution (account for both thermal and pressure stresses) Max displacement at junction: 0.423 mm
- 13. Finite element analysis Displacement distribution (account for both thermal and pressure stresses) Max displacement: 0.0864 mm
- 14. Manual Mixer ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QTY. 1 Shell-mixer 1 2 Lever 1 3 Locking device 1 4 Cutting blades mounting 1 5 Mixing-Axle 1 6 Connecting rod 1 7 Perforated bed 1 8 ISO 7379 - 12 x 25 --- N 1 9 ISO 7380 - M8 x 35 --- 35N 1
- 15. Heat exchanger and Left side cover ITEM NO. PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION QTY. 1 Left side dished head LSC-2015-008FP 1 2 Pivot PVT-2015-016FP 2 3 Attach plate ATP-2015-018FP 1
- 16. Right cover and piping system ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QTY. 1 Right-hand Dished head 1 2 ISO 3601-159 O-Seal ring 1 3 ANSI B16.5 C-150 Flange 1 4 ASME PIPE CLASS 150 3 5 ISO-LF NW120: 90~ elbow joint 2 6 ISO 10434-Gate Valve 1 7 ASME CLASS 150 Outlet PIPE 1 8 Inlet and outlet water copper tubes 2
- 17. Vessel shell assembly ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QTY. 1 Vessel shell 1 2 AINSI B6.5 C-150 Gas Nozzle 1 3 Left side saddle support 1 4 Right side saddle support 1 5 Tube support 2 6 AINSI CLASS 150 Copper tubes 13 7 Vessel cover plate 1 8 Slag Outlet 13
- 18. Assembly steps
- 20. Cost estimation Description Estimated Cost Purchase parts R 10’864.327 Manufacturing and labour cost R 33’859.72 Material and manufacturing cost for vessel R 39’174.253 total R 83’898.30 Currently imported from china: R 84’000 without heating elements (AGAMA Biogas)
- 21. Conclusion • Successful design • ASME Code VIII and SANS 347 were adhered to Recommendations • Develop CFD model and validate results • Consider horizontal mixing and compare effects of mixing • Optimize design
- 23. References October 2015 [1] L. A. B. Cortez, F. E. B. Nigro, H. Cantarella, L. A. H. Nogueira, M. A. Ferraz Dias de Moraes, R. L. V. Leal, T. T. Franco and U. Schuchardt, Roadmap for Sustainable Aviation Biofuels for Brazil: A Flightpath to Aviation Biofuels in Brazil, Sao Paulo: Bluscher, 2014. [2] M. Klima, "Biogas Digestion," Eye storm Productions, LLC, Los Angeles, 2011. [3] S. Cheng, L. Zifu , H.-P. Mang and Elisabeth, "Development and application of prefabricated biogas digesters in developing countries," Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 34, pp. 387-400, 30 March 2014. [4] M. Kammen Daniel, "The Rise of Renewable Energy," Scientific American, vol. 294, pp. 84-93, 2006.