One Size Doesn't Fit All: How data can support tailored approaches in public health
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This document presents insights from a presentation by Emily Conant on how data can support tailored approaches in public health, particularly regarding clean cooking solutions to reduce indoor air pollution and its health impacts. It highlights the role of improved cookstoves, their adoption challenges, and the importance of actionable data in evaluating their effectiveness across different demographics. The findings emphasize that not all households fully transition from traditional to improved cookstoves and that external factors influence adoption rates.
One Size Doesn't Fit All: How data can support tailored approaches in public health
- 1. One Size Doesn’t Fit All How data can support tailored approaches in Public Health Presenter: Emily Conant Data Scientist emily@nexleaf.org
- 2. WhoWe are • Nonprofit technology company working to solve global challenges • Mission to preserve human life and protect our planet • We build low-cost sensors, web-based dashboards and provide custom data analytics • We work from the bottom-up to help design the best solutions for those who need it most
- 3. 3 3 billion people rely on fires inside their homes to cook, provide light, and heating
- 4. Black Carbon and Health • Harmful by-product of incomplete combustion • Type of particular matter (PM2.5) with small diameter • Roughly 4 million premature deaths each year related to indoor air pollution • Causes noncommunicable diseases such as COPD, cancer, stroke, and heart disease • Nearly half of premature deaths in children under five due to pneumonia are caused by indoor air pollution
- 5. Black Carbon and Climate • Short Lived Climate Pollutant (SLP) • Lasts in atmosphere a few days to weeks • Climate forcing agent • When deposited onto ice and snow, it reduces surface albedo • Second largest contributor to climate change • Emissions are increasing rapidly in developing countries
- 6. Introduction to Clean Cooking • What is an improved cookstove (ICS)? • Any stove designed to displace traditional cooking • More efficient, uses less fuel, emits less • Cooking on an ICS can mitigate harmful impacts of black carbon • Many organizations have been working to encourage adoption of clean cooking over the last few decades
- 7. Our Reach for Clean Cooking Nigeria ● 50 households ● RUWES and CCAC ● 5 clean cooking solutions ● 3 fuels: biomass, LPG, ethanol Tanzania ● 30 households ● A2EI ● Electric pressure cookers India ● 5 states ● Over 500 households ● LPG, induction, biomass ● Leads:TataTrusts, Sambodhi, CARE Implementation: SEWA, Dharma Life,Teri Bangladesh ● 35 households ● CPI ● LPG, biomass
- 9. Qualitative vs. Self-reported Data • Surveys are not always reliable • Self-reported data can over- or under- estimate measurements • This can lead to drastically different conclusions • Furthermore leading to different actions taken • If we don’t make the proper conclusions and don’t carry out appropriate actions, how can we make a difference?
- 10. Household Cooking Behavior Deployment A Household 1 Household 2 TCS – Traditional Cook Stove ICS – Improved Biomass TCS – Traditional Cook Stove ICS – Improved Biomass
- 11. TheValue of Actionable Data Stove 1 Stove 2
- 12. Context Matters • Stove performance can vary in different regions • GroupA shows unsuccessful uptake of clean cooking • Group B shows successful uptake of clean cooking with same stove model • Group 2 shows sustained adoption over time
- 13. Stairway to Scale Model 10 100 1,000 Verify adoption & durability Verify sustained adoption 10,000 Verify air quality impact Verify health impact • Four-step clean cook stove evaluation process • Iterative process, adoption first • Identify solutions worth scaling • Prevent equipment abandonment and waste • Displace traditional cookstoves • Demonstrate impact
- 14. Nigeria Pilot Study • RUWES (RuralWomen for Energy Security) and CCAC (Climate and Clean Air Coalition) • 94% of population uses wood, charcoal and kerosene • 64,000 deaths each year due to indoor air pollution • Investigated 5 different solutions • Observed 50 households • 100 StoveTrace trek devices installed
- 15. Biomass vs. Clean Fuel Stoves
- 16. Biomass vs. Clean Fuel StovesAdoption
- 17. Cookstove Stacking • Sensor data shows us that everybody stacks • They cook on both their improved and traditional cookstoves • Households did not displaceTCS • We cook using many different devices, why shouldn’t they? • Future projects should consider a clean stack solution
- 18. Qualitative survey • Following pilot, a survey was conducted among 50 households • General stove feedback/pros and cons • Willingness to take out a loan to buy stove • Fuel cost/availability • Food preparation/preferences • Household structure • Community influence
- 19. Survey results • Usage does not translate to willingness to pay • Fuel cost was a barrier toward adoption • Lowest adoption ICS models were unable to accommodate larger pots • Households using Ethanol A and Ethanol B reported less variety in food items cooked • Households reported that they cook on TCS and ICS at the same time Stove Model % of HH that would take out loan (Survey) Average adoption rate (Sensor data) BiomassA 50% 62% Biomass B 50% 66% Ethanol A 30% 7% Ethanol B 0% 14% LPG 90% 27%
- 20. Distribution Does not Equal Success Biomass B Households LPG households Ethanol A Households Biomass A Households Ethanol B Households Total TCS ICS Total TCS ICS Total TCS ICS Total TCS ICS Total TCS ICS { { { { {
- 22. Thank you! Emily Conant ◦ Data Scientist ◦ emily@nexleaf.org www.nexleaf.org