Ontologies and thesauri. How to answer complex questions using interoperability?
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The document discusses the use of ontologies and thesauri to answer complex questions through the interoperability of various databases, particularly focusing on accessing and retrieving data related to medieval and Renaissance European manuscripts. It highlights the limitations of existing access points and the need for a common RDF framework to facilitate complex queries, while also offering definitions of ontologies and examples of database querying methods. Additionally, it outlines the Biblissima project, which involves building an ontology and thesaurus for the scientific description of manuscripts and early prints.
Ontologies and thesauri. How to answer complex questions using interoperability?
- 1. Ontologies and thesauri How to answer complex questions using interoperability ? Stefanie Gehrke, Pauline Charbonnier, Eduard Frunzeanu, Anita Mazur (Équipe Données)
- 2. How to answer complex questions using current (open access) web facilities? etc.
- 5. Access point II: ● The Union Catalog of France (Catalogue Collectif de France / CCFr) ● BnF archives et manuscrits (BAM) ● Catalogue Général de la BnF
- 6. Title ? Person ? Subject ? Shelfmark ? Date ? ...
- 11. Query in MESA
- 13. Access point V: Manuscripta Medievalia Europeana / The European Library Manuscriptorium
- 14. Query in Europeana I
- 15. Query in Europeana II Dump available at: http:// data.europeana.eu/download/2.0/
- 18. Access point VII: All specialised databases
- 19. Found in the Web Bibliotheca bibliothecarum manuscriptorum nova... du Mauriste Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, 1739 Version PDF: http://www.libraria.fr/fr/editions/la-bibliotheca-bibliothecarum-de- montfaucon-est-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9chargeable-en-mode-texte-sur-libraria
- 20. Conclusion I: There is no single access point specialised on the written heritage from the Medieval and Renaissance Europe
- 21. Conclusion II: Search possibilities regarding the history of collections and texts are limited
- 22. Vision Biblissima How to answer complex questions using interoperability ?
- 23. Federate databases ... … by establishing a common RDF framework: ● Ontology ● Data in RDF ● Enable (complex) queries ● Thesaurus
- 24. Ontology Definition I : “A conceptual map of the terms and relationships that constitute a domain. For example, a library ontology would likely include "books," and would note that books often have "authors," that authors have "birth_years," and that books also often have "titles," "subtitles," and "subjects." The terms and relationships in an ontology can then be used to determine the metadata to be recorded, as well as the ways in which data can be retrieved from a dataset. Although ontologies pre-date the Semantic Web, they have been brought to prominence by it.” Source : Getting Started Guide (Harvard University)
- 25. Ontology Definition II : “A formal model that allows knowledge to be represented for a specific domain. An ontology describes the types of things that exist (classes), the relationships between them (properties) and the logical ways those classes and properties can be used together (axioms).” Source : Linked Data Glossary (w3c)
- 26. Ontology Individual Individual Class Class S SS S S S S S S O O O O O O O O O n t o l o g y predicate (object-)property Data
- 27. Mapping S S S S S S O O O O O O O Structured data + URIs + Links to external resources Triples
- 29. Datasets in a triplestore S S S S S S S S S O O O O O O p1 p1 p2 p3 p2 p3 p1 p1 O O O O p3 p3
- 30. Query via SPARQL PREFIX Bbissima: <http://purl.org/NET/Bbissima#> SELECT ?subject WHERE { ?subject p2 Bbissima:Manuscript. ?subject p1 } S S S S S S S S S O O O O O O O p1 p1 p3 p2 p1 p1 O O O O p3 p3 p2 p1 p1 p2 p2 p2 p3
- 32. RDF/XML data (simplified) <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:Bbissima="http://purl.org/NET/Bbissima#"> <Bbissima:Expression> <!-- subject --> <Bbissima:is_carried_by> <!-- predicate --> <Bbissima:Manuscript rdf:about="http://data.biblissima.fr/ark:/00000/BnF_Mss_Grec1432"> <!-- object / subject --> <Bbissima:consists_of> <!-- predicate --> <Bbissima:Material rdf:about="http://data.biblissima.fr/thesaurus/resource/ark:/00000/support_bombycin"/> <!-- object --> </Bbissima:consists_of> </Bbissima:Manuscript> </Bbissima:is_carried_by> </Bbissima:Expression> </rdf:RDF>
- 33. …. + sample data thesaurus <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:Bbissima="http://purl.org/NET/Bbissima#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"> <Bbissima:Expression> <Bbissima:is_carried_by> <Bbissima:Manuscript rdf:about="http://data.biblissima.fr/ark:/00000/BnF_Mss_Grec1432"> <Bbissima:consists_of> <Bbissima:Material rdf:about="http://data.biblissima.fr/thesaurus/resource/ark:/00000/support_bombycin"/> </Bbissima:consists_of> </Bbissima:Manuscript> </Bbissima:is_carried_by> </Bbissima:Expression> <skos:Concept rdf:about="http://data.biblissima.fr/thesaurus/resource/ark:/00000/support_bombycin"> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="fr">Bombycin</skos:prefLabel> <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://data.biblissima.fr/thesaurus/resource/ark:/00000/support_papier"/> </skos:Concept> </rdf:RDF>
- 34. All the manuscripts (in the triplestore) that carry a text in greek on paper: PREFIX skos:<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> PREFIX Bbissima:<http://purl.org/NET/Bbissima#> SELECT ?manuscript WHERE { ?manuscript Bbissima:has_language <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-5/grk> . ?manuscript Bbissima:consists_of <http://data.biblissima.fr/thesaurus/resource/ark:/00000/support_papier>.} UNION {?manuscript Bbissima:consists_of ?material . <http://data.biblissima.fr/thesaurus/resource/ark:/00000/support_papier> skos:narrower ?material.} } Complex query
- 35. Build on the outcomes of the Europeana Regia project (2010 - 2012) (BnF, BSB, BHUV, HAB, KBR) (3 historical collections)
- 36. ● Crosswalk EAD, TEI, Marc21, ESE 3.4, EDM ● Reference Transformation ● Data ingestion ● 5 partners (BnF, BSB, BHUV, HAB, KBR)
- 37. Data Sources for 33 Europeana Display Fields
- 38. Medieval Manuscripts in Europe(ana) Transformation published at Sourceforge: http://sourceforge.net/projects/eregia2eseedm
- 39. Medieval Manuscripts in Europe(ana) One XSLT module contains controlled multilingual vocabulary for the Europeana display fields
- 40. Medieval Manuscripts in Europe(ana) Lessons learned: ● build reliable relations ● share transformation code ● modelisation experience
- 41. Ontology and thesaurus Biblissima ● Build on CIDOC-CRM and FRBRoo ● Ontology: Publication of v0.1 May 2014
- 43. Ontology Biblissima Modelisation of the events “Acquisition”, “Transfer of Custody” and “Move” in CIDOC CRM and Biblissima
- 44. Ontology Biblissima Modelisation of the event “Expression Creation” related to a manuscript in CIDOC CRM and Biblissima
- 45. Thesaurus Biblissima ● to build a thesaurus in the fields of the transmission of books and texts ● focus on the vocabularies needed for the scientific description of manuscripts and early prints: codicology, paleography, textual criticism etc.
- 46. Tools used by Biblissima 4store GINCO OpenRefine Protégé Sesame XXE Virtuoso
- 47. Merci ! See you on Wednesday 02/04/2014 at the Workshop about RDF data Campus Condorcet, IUT, 3-7 rue de la Croix Faron, Saint-Denis, 14:30-18:00