Oop principles
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This document discusses the key concepts of object-oriented analysis and design including objects, classes, inheritance, interfaces, polymorphism, overloading, overriding, and encapsulation. An object has state, behavior, and identity. Classes define common properties and behaviors for objects. Inheritance allows subclasses to inherit attributes and behaviors from superclasses. Interfaces define behaviors without implementation. Polymorphism allows different types of objects to respond to the same message differently. Overloading and overriding determine which method is called based on parameters or subclass definition. Encapsulation hides implementation details and allows changes without affecting other code.
Oop principles
- 1. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Introduction Cutajar & Cutajar
- 2. What is an Object? An object has… State ◦ Changes over time Behavior ◦ What the object does in response to messages Identity ◦ What makes the object unique Cutajar & Cutajar
- 3. State Not only do these people look different, they have different properties (also called attributes) that let us tell one from the other. Some of the properties that a person might have are name, age, height, and so on. Some of these, like age, might change (are mutable) and some, like name, might never change (are immutable).. John Maria Age: 32 Age: 35 Height: 6’ 2” Height: 5’ 10” Cutajar & Cutajar Jane Joe Age: 21 Age: 35 Height: 5’ 8” Height: 5’ 10”
- 4. Behavior sit! Behavior is what the object can do. That is, the effect of the object responding to a message or a call to a method. return BONE! Some methods return something to the caller Cutajar eat(drumstick) & I said SIT! Cutajar Some methods need something from the caller
- 5. Identity Cutajar & Cutajar Usually, one can tell one object from another through some combination of the properties. In fact, there MUST be some way of telling one object from another. Java uses the object’s address.
- 6. Classes Define the properties and behavior of objects Can have behavior and properties that are defined in the class but are independent of the individual objects Cutajar & Cutajar
- 7. Inheritance Object-oriented languages support some type of inheritance. Many support inheritance from more than one parent class. This is Human (Super Class) called multiple inheritance. Java having common supports only single inheritance, attributes and but allows a class to implement behaviors multiple interfaces. Multiple inheritance Cutajar not & permitted Cutajar Male in Java Female Baby Subclasses inherit common features and changes or adds some of their own
- 8. Interface Cutajar & Cutajar A Class can implement various interfaces and must define methods used for that interface
- 9. Polymorphism Different type of objects can respond to the same message The actual method that executes is not determined until run time ◦ Dynamic (or late) binding PLAY ! Cutajar & Cutajar
- 10. Overloading The method which the object performs is determined by the type and number of parameters passed to it. play(radio) Cutajar & play(guitar) Cutajar play(piano)
- 11. Overriding The method in a subclass hides the method in the super class. This permits a redefinition of a method I know how it according to the particular should be done needs of the subclass overriding overriding I know how I know how boys do it. girls do it. Cutajar & Cutajar
- 12. Encapsulation We are hiding the implementation details of a behavior. The way an object responds to a message is not exposed, just the fact that it can respond and the result type (response). One of the biggest advantages of O-O is the ability to make changes to an object’s implementation without affecting other parts of the program. How did he do that ? Cutajar & Cutajar