Open Access Institutional Repository in Africa
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This document discusses open access and institutional repositories in Western Africa. It defines open access as free availability of scholarly works online, and describes the benefits as unrestricted access to knowledge and reduced distribution costs. There are two main routes to open access - open access journals ("gold road") and institutional repositories of publications ("green road"). Building institutional repositories can increase research visibility and impact. While some universities in Africa have started repositories, adoption remains limited. Steps to building a repository include choosing software, populating it with content, and addressing intellectual property issues.
Open Access Institutional Repository in Africa
- 1. Gideon Emcee Christian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Ottawa Canada Dissemination of scholarly information in Western Africa: How, What and How effective; Open Access in Western Africa
- 2. “ Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only half complete if the information is not made widely and readily available to society ” www.idrc.ca Berlin Declaration on Open Access
- 3. Outline Introduction Open access - definition, benefits etc The “ Gold” and “Green” Roads to Open Access Open access institutional repositories Issues and challenges in Africa Conclusion www.idrc.ca
- 4. Introduction The rise of open access movement “ networked information economy” v. “industrial information economy” demand for broader access to research outputs significant increase in the volume of research dissatisfaction with traditional print and electronic journal price hikeS www.idrc.ca
- 5. Open Access Free availability of research articles or publications on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute or print the articles or publications,… pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose , without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. (Budapest Open Access Initiative) www.idrc.ca
- 6. Nature of Open Access Free availability on the public Internet Licensed to use for any legal purpose Subject only to proper acknowledgment www.idrc.ca
- 7. Benefits to Institutions in West Africa Unrestricted access to knowledge Speed and reduced cost of distribution Access to grey literatures from developing world Expanded opportunity to publish www.idrc.ca
- 8. Roads to Open Access The “ Gold” Road Open Access Journals - www.doaj.org The “Green” Road Digital Archives/Repositories – www.opendoar.org www.idrc.ca
- 9. Open Access Institutional Repositories “ a digital archive of the intellectual product created by the faculty, research staff, and students of an institution and accessible to end users both within and outside of the institution, with few if any barriers to access.” www.idrc.ca Crow (2002)
- 10. Aim to provide access to scholarly material without the economic barriers that currently exist in scholarly publishing. www.idrc.ca Content already-published articles (post-prints), pre-published articles (pre-prints), research reports, data sets, examination papers, conference papers, newsletters and seminar papers, course notes, theses and dissertation, manuals, teaching material or any other material that the authors or their institutions wish to make freely available to the public.
- 11. Elements of IR Digital Content Institutionally Defined: content generated by institutional community Scholarly Materials: preprints and working papers, published articles, enduring teaching materials, student theses, etc. Cumulative and Perpetual: preserve ongoing access to material Open Access Interoperable www.idrc.ca
- 12. Benefits increase in visibility and impact of research output improvement of internal communication within the institution serves as a tangible indicator of a university's quality preservation and dissemination of institutional research outputs Complements existing scholarly publishing model www.idrc.ca
- 13. Opportunities for Africa Universities and research institutes in Africa are the major centres of research and consequently the major generators of research based data, information and knowledge. The scientific and technological information and knowledge which they are generating should be easily accessible, and the creation and use of institutional repositories could be the first step in this process. Chisenga (2006)
- 14. Impact of Institutional Repository first to develop an institutional repository NZ. IR went into operation in mid November 2005. By the end of January 2006 there was a record 9000 downloads from 60 different countries. Over 2 months later, the number of downloads doubled and included visits from 80 countries. The most popular paper (an Information Science discussion paper) had 451 downloads from 23 countries after twelve weeks in the repository. www.idrc.ca School of Business, University of Otago, New Zealand Stanger and McGregor (2006)
- 15. www.idrc.ca State of Open Access Institutional Repository in Africa Repository name Country Recs . Software 1. African Higher Education Research Online S/Africa 165 Unknown 2. CSIR Research Space S/Africa 821 DSpace 3. DSpace at the University of Namibia Library Namibia Dspace 4. DUT IR S/Africa 150 DSpace 5. Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Database S/Africa 846 ETD-db 6. Institutional Research Repository – Uni. of Pretoria S/Africa 2390 DSpace 7. Rhodes eResearch Repository S/Africa 219 EPrints 8. Stellenbosch University Institutional Repository S/Africa 189 DSpace 9. UCT Computer Science Research Document Archive S/Africa 194 EPrints 10. Uganda Scholarly Digital Library at Makerere Uganda 55 DSpace 11. Uni. of Pretoria Electronic Theses and Dissertations S/Africa 2070 ETD-db 12. University of Zimbabwe Institutional Repository Zimbabwe 212 DSpace 13. UWC Theses and Dissertations S/Africa 479 Unknown
- 16. State of Open Access Institutional Repository in Africa (Chart) www.idrc.ca
- 17. Steps in Building an IR Learn about the process by reading about and examining other institutional repositories. Develop a Service Model Assemble a Team Access the State of Existing infrastructure Choose the IR Software Platform Run a Pilot Program Lunch the IR
- 18. Developing a Service Model What is the service mission? What kind of content will you accept? Who are the key users of the IR? Who can deposit content in the IR? www.idrc.ca
- 19. Choosing the IR Software Platform Open Source v. Proprietary Solutions Open Source: Dspace, Eprints, Fedora, bepress, Greenstone Proprietary IR software: Cumulus (Canto), Digitool, Encompass for Digital Collections, Hive, Masterfile, The Learning Edge
- 20. Populating the repositories Mandatory Policies (Grant Bodies) National Institute of Health (NIH) Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council (MRC) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) International Development Research Centre (IDRC) www.idrc.ca
- 21. Populating the repositories Mandatory Policies (Universities) Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia Computer Science Dept. of the University of Tasmania, Australia FAS, Harvard Approach www.idrc.ca
- 22. Populating the repositories Intellectual Property Rights Issues alternative publishing agreement SHERPA project Quality Control (Peer Review) www.idrc.ca
- 23. www.idrc.ca
- 25. Thanks you: Questions? gideon emcee christian international development research centre (IDRC), ottawa canada gchristian @idrc.ca