Open Access Publishing

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING
Dr Renjith V. Ravi B.Tech, M.E., Ph.D, F.I.E.T.E
Associate Professor & Head,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
M.E.A Engineering College, Malappuram, Kerala, India

Outline
1 Introduction
2 Online resource to check publisher copyright and self-archiving
policies
3 Software tool to identify predatory publications developed by SPPU
4 Journal finder / journal suggestion tools
5 References
2 Dr Renjith V. Ravi | FDP on Research Publication and Ethics intended for Research Scholars 202

Introduction Online resource to check publisher copyright and self-archiving policies Software tool to id
What is open access?

Open Access Publication
Open access is a broad international movement that seeks to
grant free and open online access to academic information, such
as publications and data.
A publication is defined ’open access’ when ;
There are no financial, legal or technical barriers to
accessing it
That is to say when anyone can read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search for and search within the
information.
Or use it in education or in any other way within the legal
agreements.
Open access is a publishing model for scholarly communication
that makes research information available to readers at no cost,
as opposed to the traditional subscription model in which
readers have access to scholarly information by paying a
subscription (usually via libraries).

OPEN ACCESS – EVOLUTION
The foundation of the open access movement occurred in 1991 when Paul Ginsparg estab-
lished the arXiv repository at Los Alamos National Laboratory in order to make preprints in
physics freely available [2]. (https://arxiv.org/).
The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a website that hosts a community-
curated list of open access journals, maintained by Infrastructure Services for Open Access.
It was launched in 2003 with 300 open access journals.(https://doaj.org/)

VERSIONS OF MANUSCRIPTS
A scholarly article has 3 primary versions generated during different stages of publishing:
Submitted version (or pre-print), Accepted manuscript (or post-print), and Published Version
(or Version of Record).

Pre-Print Databases
arXiv arXiv is a preprint server for physics, math, computer sciences, quantitative biology
and statistics [3].
Authorea Authorea is a platform for publishing articles, data, figures and preprints.
bioRxiv bioRxiv is a preprint server for biology.
ChemRxiv ChemRxiv is a preprint repository for chemistry.
Figshare Figshare is a repository where users can make all of their research outputs available
in a citable, shareable and discoverable manner.
medRxiv medRxiv is a preprint server for the health sciences.
Open Science Framework (OSF) a free, open platform to support your research and
enable collaboration. OSF contains over two million preprints from a number of preprint
repositories.
Preprints.org Preprints is a platform dedicated to making early versions of research outputs
permanently available and citable.
Research Square Research Square contains over 25,000 preprints and allows authors to
submit preprints and make edit prior to peer review in a journal.
SciELO Preprints SciELO is an multidisciplinary international preprint server.
SSRN SSRN is a multidisciplinary preprint server.

Pre-Print Databases

TYPES OF OPEN ACCESS
GOLD OPEN ACCESS
Works published in an open access journal and accessed via the journal or publisher’s
website
Examples: PLOS (Public Library of Science) and Bio Med Central
An article publishing charge (APC) is often applicable
Author retains copyright to the work.

Green Open Access[4],[5]
Self-archiving of published or pre-publication works for free public use [4],[5].
E.g. : ”Accepted Manuscript” in repositories and online.
Usually following an embargo period.
Enables to share the article and comply with most funder mandates, without having to
pay Article Processing Charges (APC).
Usually assign copyright to the publisher in the traditional manner.
Diamond Open Access[6]
Immediate Open Access publication by the journal or book publisher.
Don’t charge publication fees/access charges (APC).
Copyright may be retained by the author
Permission barriers to share or reuse are generally removed.

Bronze Open Access
Unlicensed papers located on publisher’s website.
OA as part of promotion for sometime.
Content is free to read and/or download on the publisher’s website.
But not published under an open license that permits sharing or reuse. In fact it is not
Open Access at all.
Publisher is able to withdraw access at any time.
Gratis OA[4],[5]: information that is available free of charge, while some copyright and
licensing restrictions may still apply.
Libre OA[4],[5]: information that is free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing
restriction.

Other Types of OA
Delayed OA - Publishers offer free access after a specified period, anywhere from 6 months
to 2 years.
Short-term OA - Publishers offer free access until a specified period, anywhere from 6
months to 1 year.
Selected OA - Publishers selectively offer free access to selected contents only. Other
contents are available to subscribers only.
Partial OA - Publishers selectively offer free access to contents of particular sections only,
e.g., research papers, but not review papers. Other contents are available to subscribers
only.
Black OA - Publication that is not openly licensed, or for which reuse rights have not been
granted, which is shared online illegally. (Eg Sci-hub)

OPEN ACCESS REPOSITORIES
Directories - OA and Free Journals
DOAJ (Directory of OA journals) https://doaj.org/
Open DOAR (Directory of OA Repositories) www.opendoar.org
DOAB (Directory of OA books) https://www.doabooks.org/
Disciplinary Archives
arXiv https://arxiv.org/
SSRN https://ssrn.com/en/
bioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/
ChemRxiv https://chemrxiv.org
Publishers & distributors
BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/
Public Library of Science (PLOS) https://www.plos.org/
PubMed Central (PMC) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
SCIELO www.scielo.org/php/index.php?lang=en
Wiley OA journals https:
//authorservices.wiley.com/open-science/open-access/index.html
HighWire Press http://www.highwire.org/lists/freeart.dti
PeerJ https://peeri.com/
SAGE Open http://sgo.sagepub.com/

INDIAN INITIATIVES IN OPEN ACCESS
CSIR- NISCAIR,India National Institute of Science Communication & Information Resources
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/
Digital Library of India http://https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/
Indian Academy of Sciences www.ias.ac.in/
Indian Council of Medical Research http://www.icmr.nic.in/
Indian National Science Academy http://www.insa.nic.in/
National Academy of Sciences, India www.nasi.nic.in
Shodhganga: a reservoir of Indian theses is a digital repository of theses and dissertations
submitted to universities in India.https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/
Shodh Sindhu - Provides access to e-resources to Universities, Colleges and. Centrally Funded
Technical Institutions in INDIA. https://ess.inflibnet.ac.in/
APJAKTU - https://www.knimbus.com/apjaktudl.html

Self-Archiving: Copyright Issues
Subscription publishers usually require authors to transfer copyright or grant them an exclu-
sive license to publish their work.
But They also usually allow some sort of self-archiving. After a certain period of time
(Embargo)
The place to look up such regulations are
SHERPA/RoMEO Database - http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo
Publisher/journal website
Copyright transfer agreement

SHERPA/RoMEO
It is an online resource to check publisher copyright an self archiving policies.
It is a service offered by SHERPA to show the copyright and self archiving policies of academic
journals.
SHERPA is an acronym for Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach
RoMEO [4] is an acronym for Rights MEtadata for Open archiving.
The URL is https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.html
This shows the author whether the journal allows preprint or postprint archiving in their
copyright transfer agreements.
Every registered publisher/journal is carefully reviewed and analyzed by the specialist team
who provide summaries of self-archiving permissions and conditions of rights given to authors
on a journal-by-journal.
This allows authors whether the journal allows preprint or postprint achieving in their copy-
right transfer agreement.
The policy in formation provided through this service primarily aims to serve the academic
research community.

Major Publishers with Gold Open Access

Major Publishers with Hybrid Open Access

Open Access Publishers with a Dubious Reputation
There are parties that abuse the open access publishing model for the sole purpose of making
money.
These publishers charge Article Processing Charges (APCs) without organizing quality edi-
torial services and peer review.
See the next slide to get an overview of the options for assessing the quality of a journal.

Assessing the Quality of Open Access Journals
The quality of a scientific journal is essential for science and researchers.
Some journals pretend to be bona fide open access journals, but turned out to be ’ predatory
journals’ that seek money from researchers to publish.
They gave open access a bad name in the past.
Nowadays there is a wide range of high-quality open access journals.

How to Assess the Quality of a Journal ?
1 Does the journal have a well-defined subject area that is clearly stated on the website?
2 Are researchers and academic teachers the primary target group? Are they also named that
way on the website?
3 Who is on the editorial board? Are they renowned and well-known researchers in the field?
4 Is the journal affiliated with or sponsored by a reputable scientific institute or scientific
society?
5 Does the content of the articles correspond to the subject area of the journal and does the
content meet the standards of the field?
6 Are all OA fees clearly and unambiguously stated on the journal’s website?
7 Do all articles in the journal have a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)?
8 Does the journal clearly state (per article) the (re)use rights (e.g. Creative Commons CC
BY licenses )?
9 Does the magazine have an ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)?
10 Is the publisher a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publisher Association ?
11 Is the journal listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals ( DOAJ )?

Article Processing Charges (APC)
Paid to Publisher by Creator / Author /Institutions
The published article will be made OA on their platform
Same Rigours review process followed
APC Varies from Publishers to Publishers and Journals to Journals
Average $1500 to $3500

Why APC ?
Editorial work: peer review, administrative support, commissioning content, journal devel-
opment
Technical infrastructure and innovation: development, maintenance and operation of online
journal system and websites.
Production of articles: formatting and mark-up of articles and inclusion in indexing services
Marketing of journal and content: making sure readers and authors know about the work
published in the title
Customer service: responding to authors and readers

Misconceptions on Open Access
Open access publishing doesn’t mean that:
you, as the author, will give away copyright;
your publication will be published without peer review;
your publication will not be indexed in scholarly databases;
your publication will not have an impact factor.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Open Access
Advantages
1 Free for all: Open Access works are pub-
licly available enabling research to be dissem-
inated more rapidly and widely.
2 Increased readership.
3 Access for researchers in developing coun-
tries.
4 Gold Open Access allows you to share your
work as you please because copyright is re-
tained.
5 Open Access makes reuse for educational
purposes easier.
Disadvantages
1 Expensive for researchers
2 Researchers can be spammed by open
access publishers of often dubious qual-
ity (”predatory journals”), which colours
their perception of the open access pub-
lication model[7].
3 The number of high-quality, fully open
access journals varies enormously across
the different disciplines. Some disci-
plines have very few or not enough.
4 Quality concerns-Cloned Open Access
journals try to mislead and cheat au-
thors.

What is Predatory Journal?
The journal is not indexed by competent scientific databases.
The journal website does not contain information about the editorial board[8].
There are non-academic advertisements on the web page.
The website of the journal does not contain information on the address and contact details
of the editorial board.
The scientific work of the editor-in-chief,the editorial board,and the columnists cannot be
credibly monitored.
There is no transparent description of the publishing process.
The scientific work of the editor-in-chief,the editorial team members cannot be traced in
scientific database.

How to find Predatory Journals?
Rapid publication is promised [9].
The homepage language targets authors
The journal does not have clear policies on retraction, corrections/errata, or plagiarism.
Description of the manuscript handling process is lacking
The contact email address is non-professional and non-journal related
Manuscripts are requested to be submitted by email instead of through an online submission
system
Journals claiming to be open access either retain copyright of published research or fail to
mention copyright
Article processing and/or publication charge is very low (e.g. < $150)
Information on whether and how journal content will be archived and preserved is absent
Scope of journal is not clear
Website contains spelling and grammatical errors
Fake impact factor published in the website.

Other Red Flag Indications
No ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)
Not indexed by MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, or other legitimate abstract-
ing or indexing services or databases
Journal title mirrors the title of an established journal with one or two words being different
Journal is not published by reputable or known publisher
Journal sends unsolicited email invitations for submissions, reviewers, or to serve on its
editorial board
Looks like a trade journal, not a scholarly journal Advertising is accepted

Quality Indicators for Open Access Journals
Scope of the journal is well-defined and clearly stated
Editor, editorial board are recognized experts in the field
Journal is affiliated with or sponsored by an established scholarly society or academic insti-
tution
Articles are within the scope of the journal and meet the standards of the discipline[10].
Any fees or charges for publishing in the journal are easily found on the journal web site and
clearly explained
Articles have DOIs
Journal has an ISSN (check the validity of the ISSN using ISSN Portal)
Publisher is a member of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
Journal is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal is included in legitimate abstracting or indexing services or databases (such as MED-
LINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science)

Software Tools to Identify Predatory Journal
Center for publication ethics(CPE) was established in Savitribai Pule Pune University, Pune(SPPU
It keeps watch on journals without quality.
Through the SCOPUS database (https://www.scopus.com/sources.uri)
Through the Web of Science.(https://mjl.clarivate.com/home)
UGC keeps watch on publishing the list of quality journals from time to time.
UGC has given the list of entitled UGC-CARE for including quality journals.

UGC-CARE
UGC has established ”Consortium for Academic and Research Ethics” (CARE) for
creation and maintenance of ”Reference List of Quality Journals”.
UGC has established a “Cell for Journals Analysis” at SPPU, Pune (UGC Cell, SPPU) at
the Centre for Publication Ethics (CPE), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU) to
create and maintain the UGC-CARE List.
INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, is serving as a supporting agency.
UGC-CARE List
The UGC-CARE List now has only TWO groups, instead of the original FOUR groups to
simplify the search process. These are NOT hierarchic or ranked groups.
UGC-CARE List Group I: Journals found qualified through UGC-CARE protocols
UGC-CARE List Group II: Journals indexed in globally recognised databases (Scopus,
(Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE),
Social Science Citation Index (SSCI))
https://ugccare.unipune.ac.in/Apps1/Home/Index

Scopus
Scopus is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly
36,377 titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed jour-
nals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health
sciences.
Scopus features two such citation indicators to measure a journal’s impact; SNIP (Source
Normalised Impact per Paper) and SJR (SCImago Journal Rank).
Q1 is occupied by the top 25% of journals in the list; Q2 is occupied by journals in the 25
to 50% group; Q3 is occupied by journals in the 50 to 75% group and Q4 is occupied by
journals in the 75 to 100% group.
https://www.scopus.com/sources.uri

Web of Science (WoS)
The Web of Science is a paid-access platform that provides access to multiple databases that
provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings,
and other documents in various academic disciplines.
The impact factor of an academic journal helps you determine the importance of a journal
within its field
Journal Citation Indexes
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)
Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)
Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI)
Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
Conference Proceedings
Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S)
Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Sciences & Humanities (CPCI-SSH)
Book Citation Index
Book Citation Index-Science(BKCI-S)
Book Citation Index-Social Sciences & Humanities® (BKCI-SSH)
https://mjl.clarivate.com/home

Major Journal Finder and Journal Suggestion Tools
Journal Finder helps you find journals that could be best suited for publishing your
scientific article.
The Journal Finder uses smart search technology and field of-research specific vocabularies
to match your article to journals.
JANE : Journal/Author Name Estimator. Compare your paper’s title and/or abstract with
millions of others in PubMed to find matching articles, authors and journals.
https://jane.biosemantics.org/
Elsevier Journal Finder: Paste in the title and/or abstract of your paper to match with
suitable journals. https://journalfinder.elsevier.com/
Springer Journal Suggester : Enter the details of your paper to get suggested journal
matches.https://journalsuggester.springer.com/
ABDC Journal Quality List: Search by journal title, ISSN, FOR code or ABDC journal
rating for journals compiled by the Australian Business Deans Council.
https://abdc.edu.au/research/abdc-journal-quality-list/
IEEE Publication Recommender: Finds recommended IEEE publications based on
keywords from your paper.https://publication-recommender.ieee.org/home;
jsessionid=90D6A5FCBF940E6C31DB4025224A0FF8
MDPI Journal Finder: https://www.mdpi.com/about/journalselector
IGI Global:https://www.igi-global.com/search/?ctid=2
Hindawi: Journal Finderhttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/

References
[1] “Wat is open access?” https://www.openaccess.nl/nl/wat-is-open-access, [Online; accessed 2023-01-23].
[2] I. Management Association, Open Source Technology: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools,
and Applications, ser. Premier reference source. IGI Global, 2014. [Online]. Available:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=OCcdBgAAQBAJ
[3] C. Sarli, “BeckerGuides: Preprints: Where to Post a Preprint.” [Online]. Available:
https://beckerguides.wustl.edu/c.php?g=1049377&p=7616097
[4] P. Suber, Open Access, ser. The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series. MIT Press, 2012. [Online]. Available:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YL34DwAAQBAJ
[5] L. Rubow, B. Schofield, R. Shen, and A. Alliance, Understanding Open Access: When, Why, Et how to Make Your Work Openly Accessible,
ser. Author’s Alliance. Author’s Alliance, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kyUWvwEACAAJ
[6] C. Fuchs and M. Sandoval, “The diamond model of open access publishing: Why policy makers, scholars, universities, libraries, labour
unions and the publishing world need to take non-commercial, non-profit open access serious,” tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &
Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 428–443, sep 2013.
[7] A. Swan and Unesco, Policy Guidelines for the Development and Promotion of Open Access. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ptsR-DIXX-AC
[8] V. Lipton, Open Scientific Data: Why Choosing and Reusing the RIGHT DATA Matters. IntechOpen, 2020. [Online]. Available:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VmH9DwAAQBAJ
[9] L. Shamseer, D. Moher, O. Maduekwe, L. Turner, V. Barbour, R. Burch, J. Clark, J. Galipeau, J. Roberts, and B. J. Shea, “Potential
predatory and legitimate biomedical journals: can you tell the difference? a cross-sectional comparison,” BMC Medicine, vol. 15, no. 1, mar
2017.
[10] S. Pinfield, S. Wakeling, D. Bawden, and L. Robinson, Open Access in Theory and Practice: The Theory-Practice Relationship and
Openness, ser. Routledge Critical Studies on Open Access. Taylor & Francis Limited, 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MXX3zgEACAAJ

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