OpenWhisk: Where Did My Servers Go?

@csantanapr
Where Did My Servers Go?
Carlos Santana, IBM
csantana@us.ibm.com

@csantanapr
What you will learn
• How cloud computing has recently evolved to
enable developers to write cloud native
applications better,
faster, and cheaper using serverless technology.
• How OpenWhisk provides an open source
platform to enable cloud native, serverless, event
driven applications.

@csantanapr
Sometimes Servers let us down
• HARD DRIVE FAILS
• LINUX OS VULNERABILTY
• MIDDLEWARE VERSION UPDATE
• MORE MEMORY AND BIGGER CPU
• ….

@csantanapr
Scaling takes effort
Explosion in number of
containers / processes:
1. Increase of infrastructure
cost footprint
2. Increase of operational
management cost and
complexity
Region BRegion A
Break-down into microservices
Make each micro service HA
Protect against regional outages
Monolithic application

@csantanapr
Utilization
Average
Utilization
20% - 40%
of capacity

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Cloud Evolution
Bare
metal
Virtual
machines
Containers
PaaS
Functions
Decreasing concern (and control) over stack implementation
Increasingfocusonbusinesslogic

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Function-as-a-Service

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Plenty of Providers

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Compute Limits
flickr photo by zund https://flickr.com/photos/zund/12202485675 CC (BY-NC-ND) license

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Debug/Test/Monitor
flickr photo by Thomas Hawk
https://flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/4544013443 CC (BY-NC) license

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Deployment Complexity

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Isn’t this Paas?

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OpenWhisk
OpenWhisk is a cloud platform
that executes code
in response to events
OpenWhisk

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OpenWhisk Use Cases
Serverless Web Application
Serverless Mobile Backend
Real-time data processing
Real-time Chatbot messaging
Scheduled Jobs

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OpenWhisk = open source

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Running locally
$ git clone github.com/openwhisk/openwhisk
$ cd openwhisk/tools/vagrant
$ ./hello

@csantanapr
IBM Bluemix OpenWhisk

@csantanapr
Programming Model
A Action:
A stateless, relatively short-running
function invoked as an event handler.
AJSON Object JSON Object
Input Output
Stateless Function

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Programming Model
A function main(params) {
console.log(“Hello “ + params.name);
return { msg: “Goodbye “ + params.name) };
}
OpenWhisk supports Node.js 6

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Programming Model
:=
A Action Sequence:
An Action that is a sequenced composition of
2 or more existing Actions.
Note: This composition technique allows the reuse of existing action
implementations treating them as “building blocks” for other Actions.

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Programming Model
24
Trigger:
Note: In a pub-sub system, a trigger could be viewed as a message topic.
The name for a class of events.
Triggers represent the events (and their data) themselves
without any concept of how they were generated.
OpenWhisk
Serverless
Platform

@csantanapr
Programming Model
R Rule:
T A
Trigger
(Event)
Action
(Event handler)
Rule
(conditional logic)
A mapping from a Trigger to an Action which
may contain simple conditional logic.
Note: OpenWhisk evaluates incoming events (that belong to a Trigger) and
invokes the assigned Action (event handler) associated by the Rule.

@csantanapr
Execution Model
Pool of actions
Swift DockerJS
Trigger
1
Running
action
Running
action
Running
action
3
OpenWhisk
Engine
2 A
T
AAA

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Event Driven
Event
Providers
Cloudant
GitHub
Weather
…
Which triggers execution of
associated OpenWhisk action
2
Slack
JS Swift Docker …
An event occurs, for example
• Commit pushed to GitHub repository
• Data changed in Cloudant
1
OpenWhisk

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REST Microservices
Send HTTP request
HTTP GET
app.com/customers
1
Invoke OpenWhisk
action get-customers
Browser
Mobile App
Web App
2
JS Swift Docker …
OpenWhisk
API
Proxy

@csantanapr
Under the hood
Couch
DB
Consul
Router (NGINX)
Controller
Kafka
Invoker Invoker
Docker
Executor Executor
Docker
Java Swift
Executor Executor
NodeJS Python
1. Router receives request to API
via CLI or UI
2. Controller checks entitlement
and dispatches requests to
Kafka
3. Invokers pull requests from
CouchDB and start execution of
the action

@csantanapr
Under the hood: Deep look
bit.ly/ow-int
1. Entering the system: nginx
2. Really entering the system: Controller
3. Authentication and Authorization: CouchDB
4. Getting the action: CouchDB… again
5. Who’s there to invoke the action: Consul
6. Please form a line: Kafka
7. Actually invoking the code already: Invoker
8. Storing the results: Yes… CouchDB again

@csantanapr
Slack Bot
bit.ly/ow-demo-2
GET /register
POST /command
POST /event
Register
action
Event
action
Command
action
2
OpenWhisk
Engine
1
AAA
API
Proxy
Register
the bot
Respond
to direct
messages
Respond
to slash
commands

@csantanapr
Smart home IoT, Banking
github.com/openwhisk/awesome-openwhisk
Project OpenFridge:
Improving customer service
with event driven IoT
Project OpenChecks:
Mobile check deposit with
optical character recognition

@csantanapr
DarkVision
https://github.com/IBM-Bluemix/openwhisk-darkvisionapp

@csantanapr
Skylink
https://github.com/IBM-Bluemix/skylink

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Logistics Wizard
https://github.com/IBM-Bluemix/logistics-wizard

@csantanapr
Learning is Fun
• DarkVision
• Skylink
• Open Checks
• Open Fridge
• Logistic Wizard
• IOT data-in-motion
• Slack invite
• QR Generator
• Blog Nag
• Just Follow You
• Slack Bot
• Jekyll Publisher

@csantanapr
Join Us!
github.com/openwhisk
@OpenWhisk
bluemix.net/openwhisk
slack.openwhisk.org
StackOverflow tagged =>openwhisk
Openwhisk.org

OpenWhisk: Where Did My Servers Go?

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OpenWhisk: Where Did My Servers Go?

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