Operating room instruments are tools used by surgeons to perform surgeries. They include scalpels, forceps, retractors, clamps, and scissors.
- 1. Prepared by :- HRITIK KUMAR OT ASSISTANT . DPMI DELHI PARAMEDICAL & MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE . TOPIC :- INSTRUMENTS .
- 2. SPIROMETER It is an instrument used for measuring volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve volume Vital capacity Inspiratory capacity Expiratory reserve volume Fig.spirometer
- 3. Types Two types of spirometer :- Volumetric Flow- measuring Goals Optimize lung inflation Optimize cough mechanism Early detection of pulmonary disease.
- 4. SUCTION APPARATUS IT is used in wards And theatres for aspirating fluids and vomit from the mouth and airways. Indications of suctioning Visible secretion . Increase pressure or decrease tidal volume in ventilator. Terminal Care patient Who is distressed by upper respiratory secretion and is unable to self – expectorate. Fig. Suction apparatus
- 5. LARYNGOSCOPE Laryngoscope ( Larynx + scopy) It is mainly used to view of the glottis and vocal folds. Uses 4D Detect cause of voice problem Detect cause of throat and ear pain Detect stricter/injury to the throat obstruction masses in the airways Detect any difficult in swallowing
- 6. Detect Detect stricture/injury to the throat obstructive masses in the airway. Detect any difficulty in swallowing. INDICATIONS Neonatal asphyxia RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) Tracheoesophageal fistula Epiglottitis. CONTRAINDICATION Respiratory obstruction Any disease/injuries of cervical spine.
- 7. AMBU BAG AMBU (Artificial Manual Breathing Unit) bag is a device used to provide ventilator to the people who are either not breathing or having trouble breathing. INDICATION ➤ Respiratory failure. ➤ Breathing is laboured/shallow. Fig .Ambu bag
- 8. NEBULIZERS It is drug delivery device mainly used to medication and administration in the form of mist which inhaled into lungs. INDICATIONS ➤ Cystic fibrosis ➤ Asthma ➤ COPD ➤ Other respiratory disease
- 9. SIDE EFFECTS Dizziness Mouth infection Worsening asthma symptom Nervousness A rapid heart Fig . Nebulizer
- 10. DEFIBRILLATOR It is a treatment for the life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, It delivers a therapeutic dose of electrical energy to the affected heart with a device called a defibrillator TYPES ➤ Manual external ➤ Manual internal ➤ AED (Automated External Defibrillator).
- 11. INDICATIONS Pulseless ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Cardiac arrest CONTRAINDICATION Dysrhythmias Shock Painful skin burns Heart disease. Fig. 6: Defibrillator
- 12. PULSE OXIMETER It is a non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the saturation of patient haemoglobin. Or It used to determine level of oxygenation in the blood. INDICATIONS ➤ COPD ➤ Cardiac arrest ➤ Sleep disorder ➤ Respiratory complains ➤ ARDS.
- 13. CONTRDICATION Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Patient in hypovolemic Fig . Pulse oximeter .
- 14. ENDOSCOPE It is a device with a light attached that is used to look inside a body cavity or organ. Opening for wires and instruments Eyepiece Flexible shaft Flexible tip Flexible shaft transmitting light air and water Fig. 8: Endoscope
- 15. INDICATIONS MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSIN Laparotomy Investigation of symptom: For example, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing. Confirmation of diagnosis: For example, anemia, bleeding, inflammation CONSIST Rigid and flexible tube A light delivery system to illuminate organ Lens An eyepiece.
- 16. LAPAROSCOPE Visual examination of the abdomen by means of a laproscope. INDICATIONS PID Amenorrhea ➤ Trauma. Diagnosing infertility
- 17. CONTRAINDICATION ➤ Haemorrhagic shock Cardiac dysfunction ➤ Aneurysmal disease Abdominal wall infection. Intestinal obstruction
- 18. COMPLICATIONS ➤ Pneumothorax Major vascular injury Gas embolism Bowel injury. ➤ GI injury Abdominal wall haemorrhage TROCAR AND CANNULA It is a sharp pointed instrument used with a cannula to puncture the body cavity for fluid aspiration. Insufflation valve
- 19. ADVANTAGES Convenient Safe Low space requirement Sterile process Easy to use. Piercing Tip
- 20. TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE It is a curved tube that is inserted into a tracheostomy stoma (hole made in the neck and wind pipe). PARTS Outer cannula Inner cannula Obturator. To facilitate the removal of respiratory secretion
- 21. INDICATIONS To improve respiratory function To relieve breathing difficulties. Fig. 12: Tracheostomy tube ADVANTAGES Reduces need for sedation Reduce patient discomfort Reduce risk of trauma to wind pipe and trachea Improve ability to maintain oral and bronchial hygiene
- 22. COMPLICATIONS Pneumothorax Bleeding Haemorrhage Infection in the trachea Tracheal dilation
- 23. Operating room contains instruments -:SCALPEL :- Used for initial incision and cutting tissue Consists of a blade and a handle. Surgeons often refer to the instrument by its blade number
- 24. SCISSORS Used for cutting tissue, suture, or for dissection. Scissors can be straight or curved, and may be used for cutting heavy or finer structure Mayo scissors. Metzenbaum Scissors Iris Scissor
- 25. FORCEPS Also known as no looking forceps, grasping forceps, thumb forceps, or pick-ups. Used for grasping tissue or objects. Can be toothed (serrated) or non toothed at the tip Tissue forceps Adson forceps
- 26. CLAMPS Also called locking forceps, these are ratcheled instruments used to hold tissue of objects, or provide hemostasis. Can be traumatic or atraumatic Babcock Tissue forceps Lane Tissue Forceps Allis forceps
- 27. Dressing drum strellizing Dressing Drum is specialized equipment that is used for sterilizing and storing different types of surgical instrument. Self-locking systems in order to give extra strength for long lasting performance.
- 28. Thank you Presentation by :- Hritik Kumar ( OT assistant ) Delhi Paramedical & Management Institute. Patna ( Bihar ) . Thank you