Operating system
- 2. DEFINATION An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
- 3. FUNCTIONS OF O.S Interface:- It act as an interface between user and hardware. The computer hardware does not understand the human language it understand only binary language which is in the form of 0 or 1 . It is the responsibility of the operating system to convert human language into binary language and vice-versa.
- 4. • Memory Management:-It is the most critical job for the operating system to manage the memory. The OS decides the which file will be stored at which location in the memory. Both primary memory and secondary memory are under the control of Operating System. • Peripheral Management:- The OS also manages the input output devices which are connected to the computer. There are many input output devices which are under the control of Operating System. • Process Management:- The Operating System also Treats the Process Management means all the Processes those are given by the user or the Process those are System ‘s own Process are Handled by the Operating System . The Operating System will Create the Priorities foe the user and also Start or Stops the Execution of the Process and Also Makes the Child Process after dividing the Large Processes into the Small Processes.
- 5. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM Basically there are two types of operating system 1.Networking Operating System 2.Client Operating System
- 6. NETWORKING OPERATING SYSTEM Networking operating system provides services to the client operating system such as file services, printer services, email services and internet services. For example:- window server 2000, window server 2003 and window server 2008
- 7. CLIENT OPERATING SYSTEM Client operating system takes the services from the networking operating system such as Internet services, Email and more. Example: window XP, window vista, window7, window 8, window 10
- 10. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM 1) SINGLE TASKING OR SERIAL PROCESSING 2) BATCH 3) MULTITASKING OR MULTIPROCESSOR 4) TIME SHARING 5) REAL TIME 6) DISTRIBUTED 7) NETWORKING
- 11. SINGLE TASKING OR SERIAL PROCESSING In this type of Operating System the system can process only one application in one time. In this type of Operating System the other application will start only when the first application process was not completed. For example, if we are entering the data in a text file we can not bring or use the bring command to bring some other file. For example, MS-DOS is a single tasking Operating System. This single Tasking Operating System are better performance as
- 12. BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.
- 13. MULTITASKING OR MULTIPROCESSOR Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time. The operating system is able to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from one to the other without losing information. For example, When you open your Web browser and then open Word at the same time, you are causing the operating system to do multitasking. Being able to do multitasking doesn't mean that an unlimited number of tasks can be juggled at the same time. Each task consumes system storage and other resources. As more tasks are started, the system may slow down or begin to run out of shared storage.
- 14. TIME SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM Time-sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing. The main difference between Multiprogrammed and Time-Sharing Systems is that in case of Multiprogrammed, the objective is to maximize processor use, whereas in Time-Sharing Systems, the
- 15. REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM Real-time systems are used when there are rigid time requirements on the operation of a processor or the flow of data and real-time systems can be used as a control device in a dedicated application. A real-time operating system must have well-defined, fixed time constraints, otherwise the system will fail. For example, Scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, weapon systems, robots, air traffic control systems, etc. There are two types of real-time operating systems. 1. Hard real-time systems 2. Soft real-time systems
- 16. Hard real-time systems:- Hard real-time systems guarantee that critical tasks complete on time. In hard real-time systems, secondary storage is limited or missing and the data is stored in ROM. In these systems, virtual memory is almost never found. Soft real-time systems:- Soft real-time systems are less restrictive. A critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains the priority until it completes. Soft real-time systems have limited utility than hard real-time systems. For example, multimedia, virtual reality, Advanced Scientific Projects like undersea exploration and planetary rovers,
- 17. DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM This are the system that depends upon network to deliver their functionality to user. The processors communicate with one another through various communication lines (such as high-speed buses or telephone lines). These are referred as loosely coupled systems or distributed systems. Processors in a distributed system may vary in size and
- 18. NETWORKING OPERATING SYSTEM A Network Operating System runs on a server and provides the server the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The primary purpose of the network operating system is to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private network or to other networks. Examples of network operating systems include Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare,