Operating systems
- 2. • The most important program that runs on your computer. • Provides an interface between the user and the hardware.
- 3. THE OPERATING SYSTEM COMMUNICATES WITH VARIOUS DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS
- 4. OPERATING SYSYEM-AN INTERFACE BETWEEN THE USER AND THE HARDWARE The operating system hides the detail of hardware resources from the programmer and provides the programmer with an interface that is easy to use the system. It acts as an intermediate between the hardware and its users .
- 5. 1940s and 1950s: electronic digital systems had no operating system 1960s: • era of timesharing and multiprogramming • disappointing efforts of IBM to develop OS/360 operating system • garmiser conference-concept of software engineering 1970s: • general development • development of Unix • beginning of microprocessors and personal computers era • the rise of apple computer
- 6. 1980s: • IBM’s entry into the personal computer industry • introduction of Macintosh in 1984 • launching of Microsoft's Windows 1990s and beyond: • dominance of Microsoft in the operating system market • 1999-windows NT • 2001-MAC OS X(UNIX)
- 7. Process Management Main memory Management File Management I/O system Management Secondary storage Management
- 8. Networking Protection System Command interpretation System
- 9. CONVENIENCE: Makes the computer more convenient to use EFFICIENCY: Allows computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner.
- 10. MANAGING THE RESOURCES: Keeps track of the resources being used, granting resource requests, handling conflicting requests from different users. ABILITY TO EVOLVE: Permits effective development, testing and introduction of new system functions without interfering with service.
- 12. PROCESS MANAGEMENT: The scheduler of the operating system allocates various processes to the processor and also decides the order in which the programs will be executed. MEMORY MANAGEMENT: It keeps the record of the memory in use and also about free memory. It takes care that a program gets desired memory for its execution.
- 13. FILE MANAGEMENT: It keeps the record of when a file/folder was created and when it was last modified. It helps in storing data in various files and folders and also helps one to open or close a file. SECURITY: It protects the resources and information against the unauthorised access.
- 14. Best use of the computer resources Provides a background for user’s program to execute Displays and deals with errors when it happens Controls the selection and operation of the peripherals Acts as communication link between users
- 15. 1. SINGLE USER, SINGLE TASKING: It manages the computer so that one user can effectively do one task at a time. Example: MS DOS
- 16. 2. SINGLE USER, MULTI TASKING: It lets a single user have several programs in operation at the same time. This is the operating system that most desktops and laptops use today. Example: Microsoft Windows, Linux
- 17. 3. MULTI USER: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. It makes sure that the requirements of various users are balanced. Example: Unix, VMS
- 18. 4. REAL TIME: These are used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems. There is typically very little user interface capability. Resources are managed so that a particular operation executes precisely the same every time.
- 19. DIFFERENT OPERATING SYSTEMS ON ONE MACHINE ? It is possible to have more than one operating system available to be used on a machine Only one operating system is run at a time, though Examples: VAX-VAS or Ultrix : PCs –DOS, Windows, Linux
- 20. An operating system is known as multi threaded system when several tasks(processes)may be run at same time. It is a case of multi user system. It consists of a sequence of instructions known as threads. The threads become alternatively active, suspended or destroyed according to their priority or may be run simultaneously.
- 21. Operating systems designed to operate on small machines, such as PDAs or autonomous electronic devices with reduced autonomy Advanced energy management Ability to operate with limited resources Main embedded systems for PDAs: Palm OS Windows CE/Windows mobile
- 23. FAMOUS OPERATING SYSTEMS
- 24. FAMOUS OPERATING SYSTEMS
- 26. Developed by Microsoft and IBM Single user operating system for IBM Introduced in 1981 Command line interface Programmed in assembly language Kernel type-Monolithic kernel
- 27. MS DOS DESKTOP
- 28. Developed by Microsoft Single user, multi tasking operating system Introduced in 1985 Graphical user interface Programmed in C, C++, Assembly language Kernel type-Hybrid
- 30. Developed by Linus Torvalds Single user, multi tasking operating system Introduced in 1991 Programmed in various languages Kernel type-monolithic Free and open source software
- 31. LINUX DESKTOP
- 32. Developed by Ken Thomson and Dennis Ritchie Multi user operating system Introduced in 1969 Command line interface and graphical Kernel type-monolithic Programmed in C
- 33. UNIX DESKTOP
- 34. Developed by Canonical Ltd. Introduced in 2004 Kernel type-monolithic Open source
- 35. UBUNTU DESKTOP
- 36. OPERATING SYSTEM MARKET SHARE 2011
- 37. OS MARKET SHARE 2012
- 38. HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED HOW YOUR OPERATING SYSTEM GOT ITS NAME? Have you ever wondered what “XP” stands for or where UBUNTU comes from?
- 39. MS DOS: DOS is a generic term for “disk operating system WINDOWS 1.0-NT 4.0: The windows name came from the fact that the new operating system, Windows 1.0 had windows a user could interact with in the GUI.Windows stuck with the numbering scheme 1.0-3.1 when it started to work on its New Technology(NT).
- 40. WINDOWS 95: Microsoft for a short while began naming their Windows operating System with the year of release indicating the version. Windows 95, 98 and millennium edition were all built off to the original Windows 3.1 kernel.
- 41. Windows XP was released in 2001 and XP stands for eXPerience. According to Microsoft, Vista got its name because "At the end of the day... What you are trying to get to is your own personal Vista.” Windows 7 is the seventh version of Windows 95.Even though 95 Wasn’t the first version of Windows , but Windows 10 just doesn't have the same ring to it.
- 42. The Apple Macintosh computer was released in 1984 and got its name from the Macintosh Apple. Apple’s system os has always followed a basic revision numbering scheme with every major release getting a 1 point increment with minor updates getting a 0.1 increment. System 1-4 had no multitasking support. The first seven versions of the os were simply called “System1- 7”.This held true until 7.6 when “system” was replaced by “MAC OS” .
- 43. MAC OS 8 came out in 1997 and was supposed to be called version7.7 but was changed to 8 because of a legal loophole that allowed Apple to shut down the 3RD party Macintosh market. OS X is the tenth version of the Mac operating system and the first OS based on BSD.
- 44. Linux itself got its name from Ari Lemmke who ran the FTP server the original Linux Kernel was uploaded to. Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel, wanted to name the kernel Freax, but Ari instead gave him a folder called “linux” to upload his kernel to. The Linux name came from “Linus’ Minix” which was the operating system Linus was trying to replace for himself.
- 45. Ubuntu(oo-BOON-too)comes from the Zulu and Xhosa languages of Africa roughly meaning “humanity towards others.” The numerical name for the release is based on the year and month of the release, e.g., version 10.04 was released in April of 2010
- 46. Debian got its name from Ian Murdock, creator of the Debian distribution. He named the distribution after his girlfriend Debra Lynn by combining her name and his into “DEBIAN”. Each stable Debian release has an associated version number (1.0, 2.0, etc.), but it also has a code name based on a character from the movie 1995 movie Toy Story
- 47. Redhat received is name because red hats have been the symbol of freedom and revolution in both US and France FEDORA: Fedora got its name from the redhat logo in which Shadowman,the man in the logo, wears a red fedora hat.