Optoelectronics provides several advantages over traditional electronics such as faster data transmission, lower power consumption, higher bandwidth, and lighter weight. It has applications in areas such as optogenetics, frequency conversion, sensors, modulators, switches, industrial control systems, and integrated chip design. Methods for achieving frequency and wavelength tunability in optoelectronics include stimulated Brillouin scattering, random fiber gratings, photonic comb generation, microring resonators, coupled fiber loops, and phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings.