Orthotics and prosthetics UG lecture
Download as PPTX, PDF209 likes59,247 views
The document defines orthotics and prosthetics and describes common devices used for each. Orthotics are devices that support or immobilize parts of the body, like splints or braces, while prosthetics replace missing body parts like limbs. It provides details on various static and dynamic orthoses, including examples like knee braces or back supports. For prosthetics, it outlines the components of lower and upper limb prostheses and different suspension, joint, and terminal device options. The ideal orthosis or prosthesis is described as functional, fitting well, light weight, easy to use, acceptable cosmetically, and easily maintained or repaired.
Orthotics and prosthetics UG lecture
- 1. ORTHOTICS & PROSTHETICS Dr Dhananjaya Sabat MS, DNB, MNAMS
- 2. DEFINITIONS Orthotics - The science that deals with orthoses designed to provide external control, correction, and support. (orthoses = braces) Orthosis is an appliance used to support part of a body or perform certain function. Splint is an appliance used to support / immobilize part of a body. Caliper is a device which is applied to lower limb to give support or control a joint
- 3. FUNCTION OF ORTHOSES Prevents deformity Corrects deformity Maintains correction Corrects instability Relieves pain Relieves weight bearing Facilitates ambulation
- 4. General classification ❖ Static orthoses: As the word static implies, these devices do not allow motion. They serve as a rigid support in fractures, inflammatory conditions of tendons and soft tissue, and nerve injuries. ❖ Dynamic/functional orthoses: These devices do permit motion on which its own effectiveness depends. These types of upper extremity orthoses are used primarily to assist movement of weak muscles.
- 5. COMMON SPLINTS & BRACES AND THEIR USES Name Use Emergency Cramer-wire splint immobilization Thomas splint Fracture femur -anywhere Bohler-Braun splint Fracture femur -anywhere Aluminium splint / Immobilization of fingers stack splint/ Frog splint
- 8. SLIDINGD TRACTION FIXED TRACTION PIERSON’S ATTACHMENT
- 9. BOHLER BRAUN SPLINT UPPER TIBIAL, FOOT DROP DISTAL FEMORAL LOWER TIBIAL, CALCANEAL
- 10. Name Use Volkmann's splint I Volkmann's ischaemic Turnbuckle contracture (VIC) Toe-raising spring For foot drop Cock-up splint Radial nerve palsy Kunckle bender splint Ulnar nerve palsy Aeroplane splint Brachial plexus injury
- 11. Name Use Von Rosen splint, CDH Pavlik harness Dennis Brown / CTEV Steenbeck splint
- 12. Name Use Cervical collar Neck immobilization Philadelphia collar Neck immobilization Four- post collar Cervical spine injury SOMI Brace Halo vest Cervical spine injury TB cervical spine
- 13. Name Use Lumbar corset, LS belt Backache ASHE (Anterior spinal Dorso-Iumbar spinal hyper extension) brace , injury Taylor's brace
- 14. Name Use Milwaukee brace, Boston brace Scoliosis Patellar tendon bearing (PTB) brace Fracture both bone leg
- 15. Prosthetics - The science that deals with functional and/or cosmetic restoration for all or part of a missing limb. (prostheses = artificial limb). Prostheis is an appliance used to replace part of a body ( an amputated / removed part). Prosthesis can be: Exoprosthesis ( common orthopaedic prostheses) Endoprostheesis ( Austin Moore prosthesis, Cardiac valve prosthesis)
- 16. INTERNATIONAL Nomenclature Common name AFO Below knee caliper KAFO Above knee caliper HKAFO THKAFO LSO LS belt / corset TLSO CTLSO Surgical shoe
- 17. Usual Shoe modifications Heel Raise Total Raise Arch Support Thomas Heel Reverse C&E Heel Sole Wedge MT Bar Toe wedge
- 20. Foot Jaipur foot Sach foot
- 22. Type of Lower Limb Stumps End Bearing stump Side bearing or Total Contact
- 23. B.K. Prosthesis Components Suspension Socket Shank/Shin piece Ankle and foot Assembly
- 24. Suspension Flexible A. Supracondylar Cuff B. Sleeve C. Suction Brim Contour A. Supracondylar B. Supra Pateller Thigh corset consists of - 2 Metal Bars with knee joints - Corset- Leather/Plastic
- 25. Socket Hard socket for ideal B.K. Stump Hard Socket with inner lining Weight Bearing Anteriorly - Lower 3rd of patella - Ligamentum patellee, tibial tuberosity Posteriorly - Pop. Fosa Laterally - Lat. condyle of tibia and head of fibula Medially - Med.condyle of tibia
- 26. Shank/Shin Piece Exoskeleton - Plastic resin and wood Endoskeleton - Metal/PVC tube
- 27. Ankle Foot Assembly Non Articulated Articulated Single Axis Multiple Axis SACH SAFE STEN CARBON COPY II
- 29. Above Knee Prosthesis Components Suspension Socket Knee Joint Shank/Shin piece Ankle foot assembly
- 30. Suspension Suction Silesian belt Pelvic belt with hip joint Shoulder suspendor
- 31. Socket Quadrilateral - Commonly used Total contact
- 32. Knee Joint Assembly Conventional single axis knee - commonly used Polycentric knee joint Constant friction knee Constant friction with friction lock
- 36. Syme Prosthesis Conventional End weight bearing : - Leather/plastic socket attached to SACH foot P.T.B. Syme prosthesis : -When heel pad is not sufficient for weight bearing than P.T.B. type Syme prosthesis is given.
- 37. Upper Limb Prosthesis Components Socket Suspension system Elbow mechanism for A.E. Forearm Wrist Unit Hand Terminal device Power transmission system Contd..
- 38. Source of Energy Stump Shoulder shrug Shoulder elevation External Energy Sources Pneumatic Electrical Electronic Myoelectric prosthesis (BIONIC HAND)
- 41. Ideal Orthosis / Prosthesis Functional Fits well Light in weight Easy to use Cosmetically acceptable Easily maintained/repaired Ideally locally manufactured