Overview of protozoa
- 2. Characteristics • Definition- ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS single-celled microscopic organisms that are noted for their ability to move independently
- 3. Characteristics • Most are heterotrophic – Break down small molecules or cells in food vacuoles
- 4. Characteristics • Some are free-living and others are parasitic Some human diseases caused by protozoa are malaria amebic dysentery, and giardiasis
- 5. Reproduction • Asexual- usually by binary fission • Some sexual by conjugation- an exchange of genetic material
- 6. Classification • Domain- Eukarya • Kingdom- Protista – Along with algae, slime molds, and water molds • Four phyla are usually used – Protozoa – Ciliophora – Sarcomastigophora – Apicomplexa
- 7. Adaptations • Eyespot- localized region of pigment that can detect changes in the quantity and quality of light • Cyst- dormant form of a protozoan that has a hardened outer covering to help them survive harsh conditions
- 9. Phylum Protozoa • Hundreds of species of ameba • Live in sand; mud; rocks; and shallow, slow moving streams and ponds
- 10. Phylum Protozoa • Pseudo- false • Podia- foot • Pseudopodia- cytoplasmic extensions pushed out from the amoeba
- 11. Phylum Protozoa • Endoplasm- the inner portion of the cytoplasm • Ectoplasm- the outer layer of the cytoplasm
- 12. Phylum Protozoa • Pseudopodia is used for feeding
- 13. Phylum Protozoa • Some are covered with a protective shell or test • Foraminifera- tests made of calcium carbonate
- 17. Phylum Protozoa • Human Disease – Amebic dysentery
- 18. Phylum Ciliophora • 8000 species • Paramecium- large group of ciliates • Feed on bacteria and algae • Covered with cilia
- 20. Phylum Ciliophora • Pellicle- clear elastic layer of protein that surrounds the cell membrane • Oral Groove- funnel-like depression lined with cilia that sweeps food down into the mouth pore
- 21. Phylum Ciliophora • Gullet- forms food vacuoles • Anal pore- where waste is expelled • Macronucleus- multiple copies of DNA and sexual reproduction
- 22. Phylum Ciliophora • Micronucleus- exchange during conjugation • Reproduction – Binary fission – Sexual- conjugation
- 24. Phylum Sarcomastigophora • 2,500 species • One or more flagella • Primitive protozoa • Giardia lamblia
- 25. Phylum Sarcomastigophora • Human Disease – Genus Trypanosoma • Carried from host to host by blood sucking insects
- 26. Phylum Sarcomastigophora • Human Disease – Trypanosomiasis- African sleeping sickness • Tsetse fly
- 27. Phylum Sarcomastigophora • Human Disease – Chagas’ disease • Trypanosoma cruzi • Fever and severe heart damage
- 28. Phylum Apicomplexa • 6,000 species • Adult forms have no means of locomotion • Most are parasitic • Toxoplasmosis- a disease that usually causes no problem in an adult but can harm a developing fetus- common in domestic cats
- 29. Phylum Apicomplexa • Plasmodium- malaria – Severe chills, fever, headache, sweating, fatigue, and great thirst – Vector- female anopheles mosquito