Overview.pptx
- 1. RADIOTHERAPY IRRADIATE MEANS “TO DIRECT RAYS UPON” OR “TO CAUSE RAYS TO FALL UPON SOMETHING.
- 2. INTRODUCTION Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of ionizing radiations to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. At high doses, radiation therapy kills cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop dividing or die. When the damaged cells die, they are broken down and removed by the body Radiation therapy does not kill cancer cells right away. It takes days or weeks of treatment before DNA is damaged enough for cancer cells to die. Cancer cells keep dying for weeks or months after radiation therapy ends.
- 3. AIMS The aim of radiation therapy is to deliver a precisely measured dose of irradiation to a defined tumor volume with as minimal damage as possible to surrounding healthy tissue, resulting in eradication of the tumor, a high quality of life, and prolongation of survival or palliation of symptoms at a reasonable cost. In addition to curative efforts, radiation therapy plays a major role in cancer management in the effective palliation or prevention of symptoms of the disease: Pain can be alleviated, luminal patency can be restored, skeletal integrity can be preserved, and Organ function can be re-established with minimal morbidity
- 4. TYPES OF RADIATION THERAPY External beam Or Teletherapy Internal or Brachytherapy
- 5. External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) External beam radiation therapy comes from a machine that aims radiation at your cancer. Moves around you, sending radiation to a part of your body from many directions
- 6. Internal radiation therapy Internal radiation therapy is a treatment in which a source of radiation is put inside your body. Internal radiation therapy with a solid source is called brachytherapy
- 7. Radiation may be the only treatment you need Most often, you will have radiation therapy with other cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Primary Treatment Neoadjuvant Treatment Adjuvant Treatment
- 9. CT Simulation Contouring Planning
- 11. 3DCRT 3D CRT is a cancer treatment that allows doctors to direct radiation beams to conform to tumor shapes. Helps in reducing dose received by surrounding tissues Computer Assisted (CT scans), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR scans) and / or Positron Emission Tomography (PET scans) are used, individually or by fusion, to create detailed, three dimensional representations of the tumor and the surrounding organs. This therapy uses a multileaf collimator (MLC) to precise radiation beam to targeted area. The MLC is a device with a series of computer-controlled leaf-like plates. As the radiation beams are very precisely directed, adjacent normal tissues receives less radiation and are able to heal quickly. Hence, this treatment is superior to, the conventional 2D treatment.
- 12. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) uses advanced computer technology to create a three-dimensional model of a tumor, and direct precisely-focused beams of radiation at the tumor with improved accuracy. IMRT addresses the shortcomings of 3DCRT and improves dose distributions IMRT is a computer-generated plan which uses multiple small fields called beamlets to generate complex field shapes to avoid critical normal structures. IMRT modulates a number of fields as well as intensity within each field, thereby ensures greater control in delivering dose to the tumor while minimizing dose to normal structures. IMRT also helps in dose escalation to tumor there by helping in improving treatment outcomes. The decrease in toxicity also helps to improve the quality of life.
- 13. Volume Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)
- 14. Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) Image Guided Radiation Therapy or IGRT, helps to improve the delivery of radiation. IGRT involves conformal radiation treatment guided by a CT scan, taken in the treatment room just before the patient is given the radiation treatment.
- 15. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Allows delivery of radiation therapy to the region of abnormality with submillimetre accuracy
- 16. Adaptive Radiotherapy Variations in patient/organ shape and position could occur during radiotherapy course. Consequently, the radiation dose delivered to the target and critical normal organs can significantly deviate from planned doses. It is important that we identify these changes happening during treatment and modify the plan using ‘Adaptive Radiotherapy’ so as to deliver accurate doses to tumour and reducing normal tissue toxicity.
- 17. SIDE EFFECTS Brain Fatigue Hair loss Memory or concentration problems Nausea and vomiting Skin changes Headache Head and Neck Fatigue Hair loss Mouth problems Skin changes Taste changes Throat problems, such as trouble swallowing, cough
- 18. SIDE EFFECTS Breast Fatigue Skin changes Swelling (edema) Tenderness Chest Fatigue Hair loss Skin changes Throat problems, such as trouble swallowing Cough Shortness of breath
- 19. SIDE EFFECTS Pelvis Diarrhea Fatigue Hair loss Nausea and vomiting Sexual problems (men) Fertility problems (men) Sexual problems (women) Fertility problems (women) Skin changes Urinary and bladder problems Rectum Diarrhea Fatigue Hair loss Sexual problems (men) Fertility problems (men) Sexual problems (women) Fertility problems (women) Skin changes Urinary and bladder problems
- 20. SIDE EFFECTS Abdomen Diarrhea Fatigue Hair loss Nausea and vomiting Skin changes
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