P1c How Insulation Works
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The document discusses three main types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs only in solids and involves the transfer of kinetic energy between vibrating particles when faster particles collide with slower ones. Convection occurs only in fluids and involves the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluid particles where hotter, less dense particles rise and cooler, denser particles sink. Radiation does not require particles or a medium and transfers heat through electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum.
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P1c How Insulation Works
- 1. Heat Transfer Moving heat from one place to another
- 2. Types of Heat Transfer Conduction Only happens in solids Convection Only happens in fluids (liquids & gases) Radiation Does not use particles Pure heat energy Can occur anywhere, even in a vacuum
- 3. Conduction (only occurs in solids) Hot particles vibrate a lot Cool particles vibrate a little
- 4. Conduction Fast-moving particle (lots of energy) collide with neighbouring particles This gives them more energy, making them vibrate faster
- 5. Conduction This continues along the length of the solid until all the particles are vibrating with lots of energy
- 6. Convection (only occurs in fluids) A fluid is a liquid or a gas One part of the fluid gets heated – the particles move around with more energy “ Hot” particles are more spaced out so they are less dense, and rise “ Cool” particles or closer together so they are more dense, and fall
- 7. Radiation When heat is moved from one place to another without using particles, it is called radiation Heat radiation is infrared energy waves
- 8. Radiation These energy waves can travel through any type of material but can be blocked by anything that is too thick or dense Heat radiation can travel through a vacuum – this is how the heat from the Sun reaches us