P8 sig pertambangan principle steps in gis spatial
- 1. 1 SIG Pertambangan (Theory of Spatial Analysis : Principle Steps in GIS Spatial) Oleh : Irvani Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan SKS, Penilaian & Kehadiran : Banyaknya SKS = 2 SKS (Teori) Penilaian : - Absensi 10% - Tugas 20% - Teori (UTS & UAS) 70% Kehadiran minimal 75% dari 14x perkualiahan Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan
- 2. 2 Referensi : Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan • Bonham-Carter, G.F. (1994) Geographic Information System for Geoscientists: Modelling with GIS. Delta Printing , Ontario, 398 p. • Harris, J.R. (ed) (2006) GIS For The Earth Sciences. GAC Special Paper 44, Geological Association of Canada, 616 p. • de By, R.A. (ed) (2000) Principles of Geographic Information Systems. ITC educational Texbook Series, Netherlands. • Huisman, O. And de By, R.A. (2009) Principles of Geographic Information Systems. ITC educational Texbook Series, Netherlands. • Mitchel, A. (1999) The ESRI guide to GIS Analysis. Volume 1: Geographic patterns & Relationships, ESRI Press, 186 pp. • Kennedy, H. (ed) (2001) Dictionary of GIS terminology. ESRI Press, Redlands, 116 p. • Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W. (2001) Geographic Information Systems and Science. John Wiley & Sons, 454 pp. • Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F., and Rhind, D. W. (eds) (1991) Geographical information systems: principles and applications, Longman. • Zeiler, M. (1999) Modeling Our World: the ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design. ESRI Press, Redlands, 198 p. • ESRI Homepage ( http://esri.com/index.html ) : understanding GIS, industry applications, user conference, virtual campus, ESRI Press books Materi/Pokok Bahasan I Pendahuluan (P.1) II Overview of GIS (P.2) III Map Projection and Coordinate System (P.3-4) IV GIS for Geoscience (P.5) V GIS Database (P.6) VI Theory of Spatial Analysis (P.7-9) a. Metode AHP b. Principle Steps in GIS Spatial c. GIS Processing VII Introduction to ArcGIS or MapInfo (P.10) (Option) VIII Case Studies/Latihan (P.11-14) Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan
- 3. 3 Thematic Layers and Datasets 2 Feature vs. Attribute Data 3
- 4. 4 Types of Attribute Values 1. 2. Text Data measurements: 1. 2. 3. 4. Ratio Interval Ordinal Nominal 4 Types of Attribute Data 5
- 5. 5 Types of AttributeData 6 Types of Attribute Data 7
- 6. 6 Types of Attribute Data 8 Pattern, Process and Spatial Analysis 9
- 7. 7 Process, Pattern and Analysis • Processes operating in space patterns produce • Spatial Analysis is aimed at: describing the understanding – – Identifying Identifying and and pattern the process 10 Spatial Analysis: successive levels of sophistication 1. Spatial data manipulation: classic GIS capabilities – Spatial queries & measurement, buffering, map layer overlay Spatial data analysis: descriptive and exploratory2. – Visualization through data manipulation and mapping • John Snow’s maps of cholera in 1850s London 11
- 8. 8 Spatial Analysis: successive levels of sophistication 3. Spatial statistical analysis: hypothesis testing – Are data “to be expected” or are they “unexpected” relative to some statistical model, usually of a random process Spatial modeling: prediction4. – Constructing models outcomes (patterns) (of processes) to predict spatial – What if analyses 12 The Pitfalls of Spatial Analysis Spatial autocorrelation• – – Data from location near to each other are more likely to be similar than data from location remote from each other Causes serious problems with traditional statistical models • Spatial statistical models are essential • Modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) – Results may depend on the areal unit used • • Census tracts versus counties (scale issue) Census tracts versus zip codes (not a scale issue) • Ecological fallacy – – – Results obtained from aggregated data (e.g. census tracts) cannot be assumed to apply to individual people A special case of the MAUP problem Encountered in spatial and non-spatial analysis • Scale affects representation and results – – Cities may be points or polygons MAUP may be viewed as a scale issue • Non-uniformity of Space and Edge Issues – – Phenomena is not distributed evenly in space Edges, beyond which there is no data, can significantly effect results • Bank robberies cluster ‘because banks are clustered in space 13
- 9. 9 Principle Steps in GIS Spatial Analysis 14 15
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- 14. 14 24 DStn,c miccrcmtion its: Distance to sdiaak 0.5) 0.3) SLI2 S) (1L12 5) 51% 2% 12.5 % 123 % Lanthse t)per Wditsassi1edID.ach.u&iIitymap Natlce bwthenlnesalsutddty hnechatd1qØlngwdds.Fcrnaqk.fir àáIiyiheirAgrlaihirews 10lathe atijal nitthddy eq.Byqçlylqswefl dO.125—cra percentage idhieneedl2.9%—theaittihty ihefirAgrladtwe anosWinthee hr wdttd r.edJty maps,ecadaet the attlelocations tirtheached wIN hat been itiencedhy l i theawgird wdgla Areschae m nation áeswlll hnt the maa idlneon tic fial sdmlütymap. n 4) I I I b 4 , C, 4 4 ‘‘ ‘t 4f ,, blI ‘F • Dtt to rcrealion ait (mtr) SIop (kgrs) .111_——..1 s>, $ 1 s’ .‘ Jb . Dastan,a to shoo1s (mJ.s) tndu t’vp
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- 17. 17 Terima Kasih Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan