SlideShare a Scribd company logo
LARYNGOSCOPE
Paediatric procedures part 1
INDICATIONS
 In Infants
 Prior to endotracheal intubation in:
• Neonatal asphyxia
• Meconium aspiration
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Tracheo oesophageal fistula
• Mechanical ventilation
.
In Older Children
  Prior to endotracheal intubation:
• Resuscitation
• During admoinistration of general anaesthesia
• Epiglottitis
• Kerosene poisoning
 Direct Laryngoscopy
• In cord palsy
• Anatomical lesions
• Foreign body
Contraindications
• Diseases or injuries of cervical spine.
• Moderate or marked respiratory obstruction.
PROCEDURE
1. Gauze piece placed on upper teeth to protect
   against trauma.
2. After lubrication, the laryngoscope is held by the
   handle in the left hand. Right hand is used to
   retract the lips and guide the scope.
3. It is introduced by one side of the tongue which
   is pushed to the opposite side till posterior third
   of tongue is reached.
4. It is advanced behind the epiglottis and lifted
   forward without levering it on the upper teeth or
   jaw
Paediatric procedures part 1
Following structures are examined serially:
1. Base of tongue
2. Right and left valleculae
3. Epiglottis
4. Right and left pyriform sinuses
5. Arypeiglottic folds
6. Arytenoids
7. Post cricoid region
8. False cords
9. Anterior and posterior commissure
10.Ventricles and vocal cords
11.Subglottic area
Complications
• Mechanical injury
   injury to local tissues like teeth,tongue,palate
• Stimulation of posterior pharyngeal wall may
  cause vago-vagal episode leading to
  hypoxia, bradycardia.
• Hyperextension of neck may cause damage to
  cervical spine.
OXYGEN RESERVIOR
 Small corrugated ,tube like structure usually made of plastic.
 Has 2 open ends
One end is connected to air inlet of ambu bag, other end should be
left open.


USES:
 Increase the FiO2 of the oxygen delivered to the patient by ambu
   bag from 40% to more than 90%.
OXYGEN MASK
Usually made up of plastic or rubber.
TYPES:
 Uncushioned
 Cushioned


ADVANTAGES(of cushioned mask)
 The mask conforms to the face
 Requires less pressure to obtain air tight seal
 Less chances of damage to eyes or other structures of the face
SHAPES:
 Round
 Anatomically shaped-somewhat triangular in shape
Tip over the nose.
CHOOSING THE CORRECT SIZE OF THE MASK:
The mask is of right size if it covers the nose and mouth
including the tip of the chin but not the eyes.
OXYGEN HOOD

 Plastic hood that can be placed over an infant’s head
 It has an inlet which can be connected to the oxygen source
 Front portion is chiselled such that it lies over infant’s neck while
  allowing easy access.


 Used to administer humified oxygen to infant in all conditions
  associated with hypoxia
Paediatric procedures part 1
ADVANTAGES:
 non invasive
 Allows humidification of oxygen


DISADVANTAGES:
 Oxygen flow may be insufficient in cases where respiratory drive is
  poor
 Any change in the position of the hood may result in oxygen leaking
  outside the hood thus decreasing oxygen concentration
 Oral feeding is difficult
 Poorly tolerated leading to excessive crying or struggling by the
  child
spacer
• Spacers are bottle-shaped plastic devices
  which have a mouth piece at one end and
  other end has an opening which the MDI can
  be attached.
• The disadvantage of MDI is that it requires
  perfect co-ordination between inspiration and
  activation of device.
• This may not possible in small children,to
  eliminate this problem spacer is adviced.
How to use MDI with spacer device
• Remove the cap of MDI shake it and insert in
  to spacer device.
• Place mouth piece of spacer in mouth or
  attach to face mask in case of infants and
  younger children
• Start breathing in and out gently and observe
  movements of valve.
• Once breathing pattern is established press
  canister and continue to breath 5-10 times
• Remove the device from mouth and wait for
  30 seconds before repeating
Advantage
• MDI when used alone (withot spacer )rarely
   deliver the full amount of inhailed medicines
   to the lung (majority get deposited in
   oropharynx)
  thus, spacers should always be used along with
   MDI’s to increase efficiency and decrease side
   effects
Nebulizer
Paediatric procedures part 1
• Nebulizers are devices which are useful in
  delivering aerosolized drugs to lungs in
  patients suffering from acute severe episodes
  of asthma, bronchiolitis or status asthmaticus.
• They are especially helpful when when
  inspiratory effort is weak as in case of
  infants,prolonged episodes of asthma.
How to use nebulizer?
• Connect nebulizer to mains
• Connect output of compressor to nebulizer
  chamber by the tubings provided with
  nebulizer
• Put measured amount of drug in the nebulizer
  chamber and normal saline to make it 2.5-3ml
• Switch on the compressor and look for aerosol
  coming out from other end of nebulizer
• Attach facemask to this end of nebulizer
  chamber and fit it to cover nose and mouth of
  child
• Encourage child to take tidal breathing with
  open mouth
Drugs which can be delivered to lungs
            by nebulizer
• Bete -2 agonist – salbutamol
• Inhaled anticholinergics- Ipratropium Bromide
• Inhaled steroids- Budesonide
• Inhaled racemic epinephrine – in case of
  bronchiolytis
• Inhaled chromolyn sodium- for maintanance
  therapy of asthma.
• The commonly used nebulizer solution of
  salbutamol contains 5mg of salbutamol per ml
  of solution.
• The dosage of salbutamol is 0.15mg/kg/dose
• Amount should be diluted with about 2-3ml of
  normal saline before nebulization.
Tongue depressor
• A tongue depressor is a device used in medical
  practice to depress the tongue to allow for
  examination of the mouth and throat
• They are usually made of stainless steel & can
  be sterilized by autoclave,but nowerdays
  disposable tongue depressors are available
  which can be disposed off after use

• They are available in two shapes
• S-shaped device   L-shaped device
uses
• To examine the gag reflex
• To examine the pharynx,oral cavity,tonsils
• To examine the movements of the palate &
  the uvula
• Spatula test-to test for the spasm of the
  masseter muscles in a suspected Tetanus case
  by trying to insert the tongue depressor in
  between teeth.
• CLINICAL THERMOMETER
• INFANT FEEDING TUBE
• SIMPLE RUBBER CATHETER
• CLINICAL THERMOMETER
  2 types of thermometer are present
Axillary – for recording temperature in axilla
  or the oral cavity
Rectal – the rectal thermometer has a stout
  and a blunt bulb
• The clinical thermometer is calibrated over the range from
  95-110 F
• Nowadays, digital thermometers of various types are
  available. They provide quick results(45 seconds – 1 minute as
  compared to traditional which take 3-5 mins)
• An even better device is available which when inserted into
  the external auditory canal gives the temperature of
  tympanic membrane (core body temperature) within a few
  seconds.
• Disadvantage of this device is that it is difficult to use in case
  of presence of wax and may accidently damage the ear .
• Uses –
• Used to record the body temperature
   Hypothermia:
   In premature infants
   Infants with septicemia
   In children with PEM

   Hyperpyrexia:
   In children with acute infections
   In tetanus
   Sunstroke
   Pontine hemorrhage
•   After use it should be washed with water and stored in a jar
    partly filled with a chemical disinfectant like alcohol (70%)
•           INFANT FEEDING TUBE

• It is a plastic tube with a blunt tip and opening on the lateral side close to
  the tip
• The blunt end prevents damage to structures while introducing the tube
• It also has a radiopaque marker so that it can be easily visualised on x-ray
 sizes
• Number 5 to number 12 are usually used in pediatric practice

 Indications
• Diagnostic purposes
   Diagnosis of internal bleeding in stomach and upper GIT
   Diagnosis of TB
   Diagnosis of tracheo-oesophageal fistula
   Diagnosis of poisoning
   Localisation of oesophageal strictures
   Gastric analysis
• Therapeutic purposes
   Nasogastric feeds
   Management of haematemesis
   Management of poisoning
   Administration of drugs
   Pre-operatively to decompress the stomach if an emergency surgery is to
    be carried out and sufficient time for fasting is not available

• Other causes
 As an oxygen catheter
 For nasal , endotracheal and tracheostomy suction
 As a tourniquet
 PROCEDURE
• The approximate length that the tube should be inserted can be measured
  by adding distance from the nose to the tragus to the distance from the
  tragus to xiphoid. After inserting the tube and removing the stomach
  contents via a syringe , the tube is fixed with the help of an adhesive tape.
SIMPLE RUBBER CATHETER
• It is made up of indian rubber with a blunt tip and opening on the lateral
  side .
• The infant feeding tube can be used as a simple catheter in small infants
• Sterilised by autoclaving.
• SIZE OF CATHETER
• English scale- used in calibrating simple rubber catheter
 diameter of the catheter= (number of catheter) + 2 /2

• French scale – used in calibrating foley’s catheter
 1 french = 1/3 mm (diameter of catheter)
      INDICATIONS
• URINARY CAUSES
 Diagnostic
   To differentiate between anuria and retention of urine
   To collect sterile sample for urine culture
   In procedures such as cystography and ascending pyelography
   Diagnosis of hematuria
   Diagnosis and localisations of strictures in the urethra

 Therapeutic
   To relieve acute retention of urine
   To monitor the urine output in shock , renal failure
   In case of paraplegia
   To administer bladder wash
• NON- URINARY CAUSES

   Bowel wash
   To administer enema
   To relieve flatus
   As an oxygen catheter
   For nasal/endotracheal suction/tracheostomy suction
   As a tourniquet


 PROCEDURE
 After observing complete aseptic precautions (wash up – antiseptic cleaning
  and draping of genital parts), the catheter tip is lubricated with lignocaine jelly
  and slowly the catheter is guided into the urethra till drops of urine appear
  from the distal end
            COMPLICATIONS
   Trauma – leading to bleeding and in chronic cases – stricture formation
   Infection
   Allergy to India rubber
   Para – phimosis in cases of forcible retraction of prepuce while introducing
    the catheter

More Related Content

PPTX
Paediatric procedures part 2
PPTX
Assessment of New Born.pptx
PPTX
1 UNIT 1 Introduction to Pediatrics.pptx
PPTX
Care of normal newborn
PPTX
Pptnursingnewborn 171211171041
PPTX
Introduction to child health Nursing final.pptx
PPTX
Difference between adult and children
PDF
Difference between adult and child
Paediatric procedures part 2
Assessment of New Born.pptx
1 UNIT 1 Introduction to Pediatrics.pptx
Care of normal newborn
Pptnursingnewborn 171211171041
Introduction to child health Nursing final.pptx
Difference between adult and children
Difference between adult and child

What's hot (20)

PPTX
Tube feeding ( Gavage feeding )
PPTX
Colostomy irrigation
PPTX
Care of child in incubator
PPTX
PPTX
Pediatric emergency ppt
PPTX
Care of child with incubator
PPSX
care of child on ventilator
PPTX
bag technique.pptx
PPTX
colostomy care ppt..pptx
PPTX
EAR IRRIGATION .pptx
PPTX
Eye irrigation
PPTX
Drug dosage and IV fluid calculation for pediatric
PPTX
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
DOCX
Back care checklist
PPTX
Essential new born care
PPTX
Hospital environment for a sick child
DOCX
Newborn assessment
PPTX
15.8 HEAD INJURY IN CHILD.pptx
Tube feeding ( Gavage feeding )
Colostomy irrigation
Care of child in incubator
Pediatric emergency ppt
Care of child with incubator
care of child on ventilator
bag technique.pptx
colostomy care ppt..pptx
EAR IRRIGATION .pptx
Eye irrigation
Drug dosage and IV fluid calculation for pediatric
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Back care checklist
Essential new born care
Hospital environment for a sick child
Newborn assessment
15.8 HEAD INJURY IN CHILD.pptx

Viewers also liked (20)

PPTX
Catheter care
PPT
Endo tracheal Suctioning
PPT
Oxygen delivery devices
PPTX
Bag and mask Ventilation
PPT
Nasogastric Tube Feeding
PPT
Bag & mask equipment
PPTX
Reusable resuscitator
PPTX
Video & fibreoptic laryngoscope
PDF
Nasogastric feeding or gavage feeding
PPTX
Clearence of the tracheobroncial secreations
PPT
6080986 nasogastric-tube-insertion
PPTX
URINARY CATHETER SKILLS AND CARE: DR SWAPNIL TOPLE, DNB UROLOGY
PPT
Nasogastric tube insertion
PPTX
Different breathing techniques for resuscitation for neonates
PPSX
Rt insertion
PPS
Nasogastric Tube (NGT) insertion and removal
PPT
Safe Suctioning
PPTX
Oxygen therapy. methods of oxygenation
PPTX
Nasogastric Tube Insertion
Catheter care
Endo tracheal Suctioning
Oxygen delivery devices
Bag and mask Ventilation
Nasogastric Tube Feeding
Bag & mask equipment
Reusable resuscitator
Video & fibreoptic laryngoscope
Nasogastric feeding or gavage feeding
Clearence of the tracheobroncial secreations
6080986 nasogastric-tube-insertion
URINARY CATHETER SKILLS AND CARE: DR SWAPNIL TOPLE, DNB UROLOGY
Nasogastric tube insertion
Different breathing techniques for resuscitation for neonates
Rt insertion
Nasogastric Tube (NGT) insertion and removal
Safe Suctioning
Oxygen therapy. methods of oxygenation
Nasogastric Tube Insertion

Similar to Paediatric procedures part 1 (20)

PPTX
Minimum 4p required so here it jsINSTRUMEjNTS for wtudy pedia.pptx
PDF
pediatrics instruments CLASS 17.12.2020.pdf
PPTX
Paediatrics instruments
PPTX
#Anesthesia tools and equipment
PPTX
Pediatric Instrument spotters for RGUHS.pptx
PPTX
Procedures in Pediatrics
PPTX
Procedures in Pediatric Ward and ER.pptx
PPTX
pediatric equipments.pptx
PPTX
Anesthetic equipment. MUHIMBILI hospital
PPTX
Face mask, airways,et tubes and laryngoscopes
PPTX
FACE MASK AND AIRWAY.pptx
PPTX
airwayequipment and management in emergency cases
PPTX
Airway equipment
PDF
airwayequipment2-210902170038 2.pdf
PPTX
Oxygen therapy and airway adjuncts
PPTX
Facemask and Airways by rakssssshat.pptx
PPTX
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
PDF
AIRWAY-02 EQUIP
PPTX
INSTRUMENTS VIVA in pediatrics in dnb.pptx
PPT
Instruments ppt
Minimum 4p required so here it jsINSTRUMEjNTS for wtudy pedia.pptx
pediatrics instruments CLASS 17.12.2020.pdf
Paediatrics instruments
#Anesthesia tools and equipment
Pediatric Instrument spotters for RGUHS.pptx
Procedures in Pediatrics
Procedures in Pediatric Ward and ER.pptx
pediatric equipments.pptx
Anesthetic equipment. MUHIMBILI hospital
Face mask, airways,et tubes and laryngoscopes
FACE MASK AND AIRWAY.pptx
airwayequipment and management in emergency cases
Airway equipment
airwayequipment2-210902170038 2.pdf
Oxygen therapy and airway adjuncts
Facemask and Airways by rakssssshat.pptx
RESUSCITATION EQUIPMENT.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
AIRWAY-02 EQUIP
INSTRUMENTS VIVA in pediatrics in dnb.pptx
Instruments ppt

More from Pratik Kumar (20)

PPTX
Tuberculin n scalp vein needle
PPTX
Treatment protocol of snake bite
PPTX
Treatment of pda
PPTX
PPTX
Lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration
PPTX
Leprosy
PPTX
Laryngoscope
PPTX
Laproscopy instruments
PPTX
Instruments ophthalmology
PPTX
Infective endocarditis
PPTX
Histoy
PPTX
Hemoptysis
PPTX
Gc2 ascitis
PPTX
Gc1 chd
PPTX
Gc hydrocephalus
PPTX
Endotracheal tubes
PPTX
PPTX
Chest x rays
PPT
X ray in_a_mass
Tuberculin n scalp vein needle
Treatment protocol of snake bite
Treatment of pda
Lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration
Leprosy
Laryngoscope
Laproscopy instruments
Instruments ophthalmology
Infective endocarditis
Histoy
Hemoptysis
Gc2 ascitis
Gc1 chd
Gc hydrocephalus
Endotracheal tubes
Chest x rays
X ray in_a_mass

Paediatric procedures part 1

  • 3. INDICATIONS  In Infants Prior to endotracheal intubation in: • Neonatal asphyxia • Meconium aspiration • Respiratory distress syndrome • Tracheo oesophageal fistula • Mechanical ventilation
  • 4. . In Older Children Prior to endotracheal intubation: • Resuscitation • During admoinistration of general anaesthesia • Epiglottitis • Kerosene poisoning  Direct Laryngoscopy • In cord palsy • Anatomical lesions • Foreign body
  • 5. Contraindications • Diseases or injuries of cervical spine. • Moderate or marked respiratory obstruction.
  • 6. PROCEDURE 1. Gauze piece placed on upper teeth to protect against trauma. 2. After lubrication, the laryngoscope is held by the handle in the left hand. Right hand is used to retract the lips and guide the scope. 3. It is introduced by one side of the tongue which is pushed to the opposite side till posterior third of tongue is reached. 4. It is advanced behind the epiglottis and lifted forward without levering it on the upper teeth or jaw
  • 8. Following structures are examined serially: 1. Base of tongue 2. Right and left valleculae 3. Epiglottis 4. Right and left pyriform sinuses 5. Arypeiglottic folds 6. Arytenoids 7. Post cricoid region 8. False cords 9. Anterior and posterior commissure 10.Ventricles and vocal cords 11.Subglottic area
  • 9. Complications • Mechanical injury injury to local tissues like teeth,tongue,palate • Stimulation of posterior pharyngeal wall may cause vago-vagal episode leading to hypoxia, bradycardia. • Hyperextension of neck may cause damage to cervical spine.
  • 10. OXYGEN RESERVIOR  Small corrugated ,tube like structure usually made of plastic.  Has 2 open ends One end is connected to air inlet of ambu bag, other end should be left open. USES:  Increase the FiO2 of the oxygen delivered to the patient by ambu bag from 40% to more than 90%.
  • 11. OXYGEN MASK Usually made up of plastic or rubber. TYPES:  Uncushioned  Cushioned ADVANTAGES(of cushioned mask)  The mask conforms to the face  Requires less pressure to obtain air tight seal  Less chances of damage to eyes or other structures of the face
  • 12. SHAPES:  Round  Anatomically shaped-somewhat triangular in shape Tip over the nose.
  • 13. CHOOSING THE CORRECT SIZE OF THE MASK: The mask is of right size if it covers the nose and mouth including the tip of the chin but not the eyes.
  • 14. OXYGEN HOOD  Plastic hood that can be placed over an infant’s head  It has an inlet which can be connected to the oxygen source  Front portion is chiselled such that it lies over infant’s neck while allowing easy access.  Used to administer humified oxygen to infant in all conditions associated with hypoxia
  • 16. ADVANTAGES:  non invasive  Allows humidification of oxygen DISADVANTAGES:  Oxygen flow may be insufficient in cases where respiratory drive is poor  Any change in the position of the hood may result in oxygen leaking outside the hood thus decreasing oxygen concentration  Oral feeding is difficult  Poorly tolerated leading to excessive crying or struggling by the child
  • 18. • Spacers are bottle-shaped plastic devices which have a mouth piece at one end and other end has an opening which the MDI can be attached.
  • 19. • The disadvantage of MDI is that it requires perfect co-ordination between inspiration and activation of device. • This may not possible in small children,to eliminate this problem spacer is adviced.
  • 20. How to use MDI with spacer device • Remove the cap of MDI shake it and insert in to spacer device. • Place mouth piece of spacer in mouth or attach to face mask in case of infants and younger children • Start breathing in and out gently and observe movements of valve.
  • 21. • Once breathing pattern is established press canister and continue to breath 5-10 times • Remove the device from mouth and wait for 30 seconds before repeating
  • 22. Advantage • MDI when used alone (withot spacer )rarely deliver the full amount of inhailed medicines to the lung (majority get deposited in oropharynx) thus, spacers should always be used along with MDI’s to increase efficiency and decrease side effects
  • 25. • Nebulizers are devices which are useful in delivering aerosolized drugs to lungs in patients suffering from acute severe episodes of asthma, bronchiolitis or status asthmaticus. • They are especially helpful when when inspiratory effort is weak as in case of infants,prolonged episodes of asthma.
  • 26. How to use nebulizer? • Connect nebulizer to mains • Connect output of compressor to nebulizer chamber by the tubings provided with nebulizer • Put measured amount of drug in the nebulizer chamber and normal saline to make it 2.5-3ml
  • 27. • Switch on the compressor and look for aerosol coming out from other end of nebulizer • Attach facemask to this end of nebulizer chamber and fit it to cover nose and mouth of child • Encourage child to take tidal breathing with open mouth
  • 28. Drugs which can be delivered to lungs by nebulizer • Bete -2 agonist – salbutamol • Inhaled anticholinergics- Ipratropium Bromide • Inhaled steroids- Budesonide • Inhaled racemic epinephrine – in case of bronchiolytis • Inhaled chromolyn sodium- for maintanance therapy of asthma.
  • 29. • The commonly used nebulizer solution of salbutamol contains 5mg of salbutamol per ml of solution. • The dosage of salbutamol is 0.15mg/kg/dose • Amount should be diluted with about 2-3ml of normal saline before nebulization.
  • 31. • A tongue depressor is a device used in medical practice to depress the tongue to allow for examination of the mouth and throat • They are usually made of stainless steel & can be sterilized by autoclave,but nowerdays disposable tongue depressors are available which can be disposed off after use • They are available in two shapes
  • 32. • S-shaped device L-shaped device
  • 33. uses • To examine the gag reflex • To examine the pharynx,oral cavity,tonsils • To examine the movements of the palate & the uvula • Spatula test-to test for the spasm of the masseter muscles in a suspected Tetanus case by trying to insert the tongue depressor in between teeth.
  • 34. • CLINICAL THERMOMETER • INFANT FEEDING TUBE • SIMPLE RUBBER CATHETER
  • 35. • CLINICAL THERMOMETER 2 types of thermometer are present Axillary – for recording temperature in axilla or the oral cavity Rectal – the rectal thermometer has a stout and a blunt bulb
  • 36. • The clinical thermometer is calibrated over the range from 95-110 F • Nowadays, digital thermometers of various types are available. They provide quick results(45 seconds – 1 minute as compared to traditional which take 3-5 mins) • An even better device is available which when inserted into the external auditory canal gives the temperature of tympanic membrane (core body temperature) within a few seconds. • Disadvantage of this device is that it is difficult to use in case of presence of wax and may accidently damage the ear .
  • 37. • Uses – • Used to record the body temperature  Hypothermia:  In premature infants  Infants with septicemia  In children with PEM  Hyperpyrexia:  In children with acute infections  In tetanus  Sunstroke  Pontine hemorrhage • After use it should be washed with water and stored in a jar partly filled with a chemical disinfectant like alcohol (70%)
  • 38. INFANT FEEDING TUBE • It is a plastic tube with a blunt tip and opening on the lateral side close to the tip • The blunt end prevents damage to structures while introducing the tube • It also has a radiopaque marker so that it can be easily visualised on x-ray
  • 39.  sizes • Number 5 to number 12 are usually used in pediatric practice  Indications • Diagnostic purposes  Diagnosis of internal bleeding in stomach and upper GIT  Diagnosis of TB  Diagnosis of tracheo-oesophageal fistula  Diagnosis of poisoning  Localisation of oesophageal strictures  Gastric analysis
  • 40. • Therapeutic purposes  Nasogastric feeds  Management of haematemesis  Management of poisoning  Administration of drugs  Pre-operatively to decompress the stomach if an emergency surgery is to be carried out and sufficient time for fasting is not available • Other causes  As an oxygen catheter  For nasal , endotracheal and tracheostomy suction  As a tourniquet
  • 41.  PROCEDURE • The approximate length that the tube should be inserted can be measured by adding distance from the nose to the tragus to the distance from the tragus to xiphoid. After inserting the tube and removing the stomach contents via a syringe , the tube is fixed with the help of an adhesive tape.
  • 42. SIMPLE RUBBER CATHETER • It is made up of indian rubber with a blunt tip and opening on the lateral side . • The infant feeding tube can be used as a simple catheter in small infants • Sterilised by autoclaving.
  • 43. • SIZE OF CATHETER • English scale- used in calibrating simple rubber catheter diameter of the catheter= (number of catheter) + 2 /2 • French scale – used in calibrating foley’s catheter 1 french = 1/3 mm (diameter of catheter)
  • 44. INDICATIONS • URINARY CAUSES  Diagnostic  To differentiate between anuria and retention of urine  To collect sterile sample for urine culture  In procedures such as cystography and ascending pyelography  Diagnosis of hematuria  Diagnosis and localisations of strictures in the urethra  Therapeutic  To relieve acute retention of urine  To monitor the urine output in shock , renal failure  In case of paraplegia  To administer bladder wash
  • 45. • NON- URINARY CAUSES  Bowel wash  To administer enema  To relieve flatus  As an oxygen catheter  For nasal/endotracheal suction/tracheostomy suction  As a tourniquet  PROCEDURE  After observing complete aseptic precautions (wash up – antiseptic cleaning and draping of genital parts), the catheter tip is lubricated with lignocaine jelly and slowly the catheter is guided into the urethra till drops of urine appear from the distal end
  • 46. COMPLICATIONS  Trauma – leading to bleeding and in chronic cases – stricture formation  Infection  Allergy to India rubber  Para – phimosis in cases of forcible retraction of prepuce while introducing the catheter