Paints and Finishes
- 1. PAINTS AND FINISHES BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION - V K HARSHAN KHUMAAR SONIKA MATTA SRIVIDHYA K
- 2. TERMINOLOGY: Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable or solid mastic (adhesive) composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts into a solid film. It is mostly commonly used to protect, color and give texture to objects.
- 3. HISTORY The 16th century saw the development of architectural painting as a separate genre in Western art. The main centers in this period were Flanders and the Netherlands. The first important architectural painter was Dutch Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1607), who was both an architect and a painter. Color or paints has been with us for more than 20,000 years. Evidence survives in early cave paintings and ancient Chinese are considered to have brought its manufacture and use to a state of perfection tens of thousands of years ago. The earliest appearance of blue frit is as a pigment on a tomb painting at Saqqara dated to 2900 BC, though its use became more popular in Egypt around 2600 BC. Blue frit has also been uncovered in the royal tombs at Ur from the Early Dynastic III period.
- 4. COMPOSITION 1. Pigment - to provide colour, hiding and control gloss. 2. Resin – the binder to hold the pigment particles together and provide adhesion to the surface painted. 3. Solvent – to act as a carrier for the pigments and resin –the solvent may be organic Or Inorganic (such as Mineral, Chemicals or water). 4. Additives – to enhance certain properties such as ease of brushing, mould resistance, scuff resistance, drying and sag resistance
- 5. ARCHITECTURAL PAINTS: Air drying materials applied by brush or spray to architectural and structural surfaces and forms for decorative and protective purposes
- 6. WE APPLY PAINT FOR... Decoration, Protection, Identification, Sanitation INTERIORS WALLS- Distemper, Luster, Enamel, Emulsion METALS- Enamel WOOD- Wood finish EXTERIORS Emulsion Textured Cement TYPES OF PAINTS
- 7. PAINTS IN COMMON USE ARE CLASSIFIED AS... Oil paints Plastic paints Cement paints Bituminous paints Water paints Distemper paint Epoxy paint Wood stain Enamel Lacquer Emulsion paint
- 8. CHARACTERISTICS 1. When applied to the surface, paint should form a thin film of uniform nature. 2. The colour of the paint should withstand the adverse environmental conditions for a long time. 3. It should be easily applicable with a brush or spraying devices. 4. It should have an attractive and pleasing appearance. 5. The surface of the paint should not show cracks after drying. 6. It should be elastic. i.e. must be able to withstand change in temperature. 7. It should have ideal resistance to corrosion and protect the material over which it is used. 8. It should possess good spreading or covering power, as it determines the cost. 9. No marks of roller or brush should be visible in the form of bubbles or stripes. 10. Paint must not allow moulds and algae to grow on it. 11. It should not have any joints visible in between.
- 9. TYPES OF FAILURE Blistering of Paint Bleeding Blooming Crazing Flaking Grinning Loss of Gloss Bad workmanship Conditions of painting Moisture Salts and Alkalis Unsuitable surfaces Wrong choice of paints Tools for painting CAUSES OF FAILURE
- 10. ENAMEL PAINT Enamel paint is paint that which air-dries to a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject to hard wear or variations in temperature; it should not be confused with decorated objects in "painted enamel" COMPOSITION * addition of varnish in ordinary oil-based paint * 90% solvent & binders, 10% pigments & additives * solvents - hydrocarbons toluene, methyl ethyl ketone *binders - vegetable oils, alkyds and acrylics, vinyl acrylics *pigments - clay, calcium carbonate, mica, silica and talc *additives - diatomaceous earth, talc, lime and barite
- 11. PROPERTIES: ● Withstand high temperature ● Waterproof ● Easy to clean ● Dries quickly All Surface Enamel is designed for use on interior and exterior wood, metal, drywall, and other surfaces. This high quality coating provides excellent resistance to weather and sunlight, maintaining its gloss and color. The exceptional durability allows it to be used on doors, trim, windows, and other hard wear areas. satin, high-gloss USES: FINISHES:
- 12. ● Wide range of colour - Comes in a broad range of colour. ● Extremely durable - Once hardened, it can last for many years. ● Easy application - Its ability to dry quickly when exposed to air. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ● Cost - More expensive compared to latex paint ● Potentially toxic - Have very strong odors that are harmful ; Not environment-friendly ● Insoluble in liquid - Thinning and cleanup of brushes, hands, etc., must be done with a solvent such as mineral spirits or paint thinner.
- 13. DISTEMPER PAINT The basic constituent of Distemper Paint is chalk, lime, and water. Distemper Paint is also known as cement paint. This is called so because such kind of paint can be applied directly on cement walls without any other coating on them without using the primer. They are a cheaper option and they stay good for more than 3 to 4 years. Distemper Paints are used for both interior and exterior walls by painters in Bangalore. They usually need two coatings. Distemper paint is thin and not durable, but can be made inexpensively and can achieve nearly any color. • It is used as a cost effective Painting Solution. • Used For Painting Interior Walls TYPES : Acrylic and Synthetic
- 14. ACRYLIC DISTEMPER ● It is acrylic distemper of the highest quality and gives the wall a delightful smooth matte finish. High Finish in Distemper. ● Brands:-Asian Paints, Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British Paint, Nippon etc. ● Sizes:-1kg,2kg,5kg,10kg,20kg ● Synthetic Distemper is water-based finished value for Money Distemper. Low Finish in Distemper. ● Brands:- Asian Paints, Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British Paint, Nippon etc. ● Sizes:- 1kg,2kg,5kg,10kg,20kg SYNTHETIC DISTEMPER
- 15. ● They can be applied on brickwork, cement plastered surface, lime plastered surface etc. ● They are generally light in colour and they provide a good reflective coating. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ● The coating of distemper are usually thick and more brittle than other types of water paints. ● They exhibit poor workability. ● They prove to be unsatisfactory in damp locations such as kitchen, bathroom, etc.
- 16. PLASTIC EMULSION PAINTS ● An emulsion paint has acrylic resin, (other resins too like Styrene- Butadiene Latex, Poly Vinyl Acetate etc) in an emulsion form, acting as a binder or adhesive on the surface. ● Any paint needs an adhesive which sticks to the surface. Acrylic resin in this paint sticks to the surface and holds the other ingredients in place after drying. ● A paint contains Pigments, (which give the color and protection from UV light to it), Solvents (which either dissolve some portion or improve the flow of paint) and finally various Additives (like anti skinning agent, anti- settling agents and surface active agents.) ● The Emulsion paint give a smoother finish for your walls. This is an oil based paint and it gives a shine to the walls. Being better in quality, emulsions are a little costlier as compared to distemper paints.
- 17. ● Plastic emulsion paint is water based wall paint. When the paint dries, the water evaporates and a film of binders, pigments and other solids is left behind. ● It is based on acrylic and provide a smooth matt finish to the walls. These paints have gained popularity because of their ease of application, quick drying properties, non-objectionable odour and good wash ability. ● One litre of plastic emulsion paint covers about 15 sqm of wall surface per coat. For interior jobs, two coats of paint are sufficient, each coat having a thickness of about 0.04mm. Following are the important guidelines for the use of plastic emulsion paints : APPLICATION: It is observed that the plastic emulsion paints are widely used for interior jobs in our country because they cannot resist effectively the attack of enemies of paints such as salts, dust and gases carried by air, sunlight, fog, rain, rise and fall of temperature, etc.
- 18. BASE SURFACE : The success of paint will depend on the quality of plaster and characteristics of base surface. The surface to be painted should be cleaned of all dust particles and rubbed with sandpaper, if necessary. BRUSHES : The application of these paints should be done with clean brushes or sponge rollers. These paints possess good flow properties and hence the brush marks are automatically levelled off giving beautiful, uniform and washable surface in a short time. COLOUR OF PAINTS : If dark colour plastic emulsion paints are required, they should be used as made by the manufacturers. For light colour paints, a white emulsion with certain other colours known as tinters, may be added to the paints made by the manufacturers. DILUTING THE PAINT : These paints are usually supplied with thick consistency. In a general way, it can be stated that half litre extra water will be required for the first coat and quarter litre extra water for the second coat.
- 19. MOISTURE RESISTANCE: These paints allow moisture to evaporate through minute pores. But even then, it is desirable to allow 4 months, preferably one year, for moisture to escape from fresh masonry and fresh plaster. NATURE OF SURFACE : The plastic binders need not require a rough surface for adhesion and the even stick to a smooth surface. However the initial roughening of surface before the application of first coat is necessary to remove dust, salts, etc. A good plastic emulsion paint would not colour a moist cloth when rubbed on the painted surface. WASHING : It is desirable to wash the painted surfaces with wet cloth lightly at least once in a month. If not, the dust particles would adhere to the surface and the paint may lose its good appearance.
- 20. POLYURETHANE In paint, the polyurethane polymer offers a tough and durable coating that is highly resistant to extremes of weather – intense sun, wind and precipitation. The polyurethane also allows the paint to be formulated to higher gloss levels, offering a beautiful and consistent finish. The higher gloss level also allows improved “self- cleaning” – that is, dirt and dust washes off during rain, and residual dirt can be easily removed by detergent and water. Graffiti can also be removed from the smooth surface using proprietary cleaning agents. Therefore, a polyurethane based paint is generally the best option for the long-term protection and decoration of a wide range of substrates.
- 21. USES Polyurethane coatings have been used for many years as the finish coat in industries such as: automotive and commercial transport vehicles, offshore and onshore oil & gas structural steel, vessels, accommodation modules, pipeline externals, retail and commercial architectural and structural steelwork, panelling, furniture, balusters, infrastructure, including bridges and tunnels, and bulk storage tank externals. CHARACTERISTICS AND BENEFITS: ● They can be very hard and strong, providing exceptional wear resistance. They can also be more soft and ductile, so that the base material is allowed to stretch without destroying the coating. ● Polyurethane coatings are not flammable, so they can be used for some situations where combustion is occurring in the same environment. Care must be taken to limit the exposure of a polyurethane coating to ultraviolet light because it can cause the coating to degrade. ● Polyurethane coatings are notable for their ability to adhere very well to a wide variety of base materials. Many polyurethane coatings require no additional processing to cure. They are simply applied and cure upon exposure to moisture in the air. ● Some polyurethane coatings also have very fast setting times, and can be applied and set in a broad range of temperatures. They can be sprayed or rolled onto a base material.
- 22. FIRE RETARDANT PAINTS The fire-retardant paint helps to prevent fire spreading rapidly, as it contributes flame and smoke not to spread. Fire-retardant paint is essential especially when it comes to residential buildings, since containing fire allows people inside the building to have more time to leave it. It is important to differentiate fire retardant paint from intumescent paint. The first one avoids the spread of the flame, while the second one reacts when there is an increase in temperature in the building by swelling and creating a thick layer of foam that insulates the elements that cover it, containing the fire and preventing it from damaging the structure of the building.
- 23. FIRE RETARDANT PAINTS The main characteristics of fire-retardant paint are as follows: ● It reduces flammability and combustion of building materials it coats. ● Fire-retardant paint does not prevent fires from occurring, but delays the expansion of fires. ● There are different types and, depending on each type, it can be applied on metal, wood, lacquered surfaces, etc. ● It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor surfaces. ● It can be applied with spray gun, brush or roller. For The Protection Of: Roof Decks, Acoustical Ceiling Tile, Cellar Ceilings, Wooden Wainscoting in Stairways and Hallways, Walls, Doors, Plywood and Wallboard Partitions, Structural Steel Members, Piers, Electrical and Communication Cables, Mass Transit People Movers, Aircraft Engine Firewalls, Ship Bulkheads, and other surfaces requiring fire protection. Used By: Most public buildings: Schools, Colleges, Nursing and Old Age Homes, Child Care Centers, Hospitals, Penal Institutions, Apartments, Hotels, Factories, Warehouses, Retail Stores, Restaurants, Utilities, Railroad and other Transportation Companies, Oil and Chemical Installations and Military Installations.
- 24. LUMINOUS PAINTS Luminous paint is paint that exhibits luminescence. In other words, it gives off visible light through fluorescence, phosphorescence, or radioluminescence. Luminous simply means giving off light. According to the structure which has been applied, luminous paints can give back the light during 1-24 hours when the electricity cut or in dark. There are three types of luminous paints : 1. Radioluminescent paint 2. Phosphorescent paint 3. Fluorescent paints
- 25. LUMINOUS PAINTS Radioluminescent paint Radioluminescent paint is a self- luminous paint that consists of a small amount of a radioactive isotope (radionuclide) mixed with a radioluminescent phosphor chemical. Radioluminescent paint may still be preferred in specialist applications, such as diving watches. Phosphorescent paint Phosphorescent paint is commonly called “glow-in the- dark” paint. It is made from phosphors such as silver- activated zinc sulfide or doped strontium aluminate, and typically glows a pale green to greenish-blue color. This type of paint has been used to mark escape paths in aircraft and for decorative use such as “stars” applied to walls and ceilings. It is an alternative to radioluminescent paint. Fluorescent paints Fluorescent paints offer a wide range of pigments and chroma which also 'glow' when exposed to the long-wave "ultraviolet" frequencies (UV). These UV frequencies are found in sunlight and some artificial lights, but they— and their glowing-paint applications—are popularly known as black light and 'black-light effects', respectively.
- 26. LUMINOUS PAINTS The main uses are as below: ● Photoluminescent sheet, ● Photoluminescent tape, ● Military instrument, ● Emergency signs, ● Plastic molding, ● Ceramic tiles, ● Road signs, ● Watches. For countries that currently have limited access to electricity, luminous paints can be offered as an alternative solution in daily life. In brief; they can be used to produce luminous products with good indicating and beautifying effects in darkness.
- 27. ● Bitumen paint is suited to many different applications because of its weatherproofing, corrosion resistance and adhesive properties. It is primarily used as a protective coating for buildings, structures and items constructed from iron, steel, concrete, masonry and wood. ● Bitumen Paint is a mixture of bitumen with white sprit including stabilizer additives and viscosities stuff. The bitumen paint is used as prime coat and sealant. ● Bituminous paint is strong, waterproof, durable and economical. It resists manufacturing harsh chemicals and UV light. It also protects surfaces from rust. How apply bitumen paint on surface : ● When you are applying bitumen paint on the surface, it should be free of dust and debris. The surface should be free of oil and moisture before using. ● It is better to wait 4-12 hours to get fully. USES OF BITUMINOUS PAINT ● Bituminous Paints are alkaline resistant hence it is used for underwater structure, weather protecting steel work, waterproofing, wood, concrete and potable water tanks. ● It is also used for any exterior metal work and iron work such as fire escapes, ladders, gutters, down pipes, railings, fences and gates, etc.It is used to coat ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and other construction materials, even in marine environments. ● It is a flexible coating solution that can be used both above and below ground. BITUMEN PAINTS
- 28. BITUMEN PAINTS BITUMEN PAINT WATERPROOF : It is used for waterproof, weatherproof, corrosion resistant protective coating. It is resistant to low concentrations of alkalis and acids and can withstand prolonged oxidation. It is useful for use with portable drinking water tanks and wood against water attack. BITUMEN PAINT ON STEEL : Resistant to low concentrations of alkalis and acids and withstands prolonged oxidation. Suitable for steel, lead, zinc, aluminium BITUMEN PAINT CONCRETE : Bitumen paint concrete is a type of coating used to build a vapor-proof and flexible protective coat in accordance with its formulation and polymerization grad.
- 29. FINISHES IN PAINTS A paint’s finish, or “sheen” refers to the surface texture the paint creates as well how much light bounces off of the painted surface — both of which can affect the way the eye perceives color. Simply put, paints with a sheen reflect light and paints without a sheen absorb light. Paint sheen types can be organized into two broad categories: ● Flat or matte paints absorb more light than they reflect, so they have no sheen. ● Semi-gloss and gloss paints reflect light, giving them a bright, shiny finish. While semi-gloss and gloss paints require more prep work and sanding than their matter counterparts to ensure a smooth application, paints with a glossy finish can be scrubbed once dry and are easy to clean.
- 30. PAINT FINISHES MATTE FINISH ● is the least reflective sheen available. ● has a velvety texture. ● helps hides imperfections in walls and ceilings. ● offers great depth of color. ● is generally considered the standard sheen for walls. ● can sometimes be difficult to clean. EGGSHELL & SATIN FINISH ● have some reflectivity. ● offer improved durability. ● are frequently used in demanding environments, like kitchens and bathrooms, where easy cleanup without a highly glossy finish is desired. GLOSSY FINISH ● great for kitchens, doors, window trim, accent walls, and bathrooms. ● are the most reflective sheens. ● are highly durable and stand up to multiple cleanings. ● are traditionally used on baseboards, moldings, and doors. ● can make a statement, but also highlight imperfections.