Particle Nature of Matter and their different relation
1. Introduction to the particulate nature of matter and chemical change
States of matter
Everything is made up of matter. The characteristics of matter are:
Made up of particles – atoms, molecules or ions
Particles are in constant motion
Occupies a volume in space
Has a mass
Temperature
The vibration and movement of particles depend on temperature
As temperature increases, KEavg increases
The SI unit for temperature is the kelvin (K)
Absolute zero is 0 on the kelvin scale (-273° on Celsius scale), and is the temperature at
which all movement of particles stops
Temperature (K) = Temperature (°C) + 273.15
Changes of State
Take water for example:
As temperature increases, kinetic energy in particles increase, causing change of state
Melting and boiling are endothermic reactions – energy is transferred from
environment
As temperature decreases, kinetic energy decreases, causing reversal of state
Condensation and freezing are exothermic reactions – energy is transferred
to environment
There is no change in temperature while melting, boiling, condensing or freezing,
energy is used to break/create attractive forces so change of state can occur
Ion: A charged species
Anion: Negatively charged ion
Cation: Positively charged ion
4 types of chemical reactions
1. Synthesis
2. Decomposition
3. Single Displacement
4. Double Displacement
A. Complete Combustion
B. Incomplete Combustion
