Pathophysiology of DM (Type 2)
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Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and deranged insulin release from the pancreas, leading to hyperglycemia. Predisposing factors include age and heredity, while precipitating factors are obesity, diet, stress, and lifestyle. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include glycosuria, polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia. Diabetic ketoacidosis can also occur, with symptoms like polyuria, polydipsia, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, tachycardia, and Kussmaul breathing. Long-term complications involve damage to blood vessels and nerves, increasing the risk of nephropathy, retinopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, infection, and
Pathophysiology of DM (Type 2)
- 1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREDISPOSING FACTORS • Age • Hereditary PRECIPITATING FACTORS • Obesity • Dietary intake • Stress • Lifestyle INSULIN RESISTANCE DERANGED INSULIN RELEASE ↑ed hepatic glucose uptake ↓ed glucose uptake Hyperglycemia DM (TYPE II) S/S: Glycosuria Polyuria Nocturia Polydipsia Diabetic ketoacidosis S/S: Polyuria Polydipsia N and V Hypotension Tachycardia Fruity smell Kussmaul breathing NephropathyRetinopathy Blindness Atherosclerosis Sugar deposits like fat in the wall of the blood vessel Myocardial infarction Neuropathy Skin break Impaired pain sensation Impaired host defenses Infection ↑ed serum glucose level Prone to injury Blockage of tiny blood vessels ↓ed blood supply in the eye Blurry vision Destruction of retinal blood vessels Death Severe infection ↓ed size of the lumen ↓ed renal perfusion Impaired renal function Renal failure Coma