pathophysiology & immunity of asthma
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The document summarizes the correlation between the signs and symptoms of asthma and its pathophysiology and immune mechanisms. It discusses three components of asthma pathophysiology: 1) airway narrowing due to smooth muscle contraction, edema, and mucus plugging, 2) airway hyperresponsiveness caused by genetic and acquired factors, and 3) airway inflammation involving cytokines, mast cells, and other immune cells. The signs and symptoms of asthma including wheezing, breathlessness, coughing, and chest tightness correlate with the underlying pathophysiological processes of bronchospasm, airway remodeling, and inflammation.
pathophysiology & immunity of asthma
- 1. CORRELATION OF SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA WITH PATHOPYSIOLOGY & IMMUNITY Prepared by: Abdullah Al-hamam Fahad Al-Hulaibi King Faisal University College of Medicine
- 2. IMMUNITY Inflammation : First exposure: allergen & B cell complex release Cytokines, eg IL4. Second Exposure: IgE molecules attack to mast cell by high – affinity receptors with in turn relesed a number of powerful mediators acting on smooth mucle and small blood vessels, such as : histamine , tryptase, prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 . Which cause the immediate asthmatic reaction. Clinical Medicine, KUMAR & CLARK, 4 th edition ,Page 509
- 3. IMMUNITY Remodeling : Airways smooth muscle undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The airways wall is further thickened by deposition of repair collagens and matrix proteins. Clinical Medicine, KUMAR & CLARK, 4 th edition , Page 509 & 510 Epithelium is damaged, with loss of ciliated columnar cells into the lumen. smooth muscle hyperplasia
- 4. 1. Airway narrowing (obstruction) . 2. Airway hyper-responsiveness . 3. Airway inflammation. Three Components of Asthma PATHOPYSIOLOGY Davidson’s medicine, Page 671
- 5. Bronchospasm airway smooth muscle contraction ( Smooth ms hypertrophy & hyperplasia ). Submucosal edema and increased mucus production. Mucus plugging. Thickened basement membrane. 1- Airway narrowing (Obstruction) PATHOPYSIOLOGY
- 6. Vasodilation Smooth ms hypertrophy& hyperplasia Thickened BM Edematous submucosa Mucous plug Desquamation of epithelium Hyperplasia of mucous glands Cellular infiltration Pathological Changes of Bronchial Asthma
- 7. An exaggerated broncho-constrictor response to wide range of stimuli including physical, chemical, or pharmacologic agents, allergens, environmental irritants, smoke, fumes, viral respiratory infections, cold air, exercise, stress, aspirin . Airway hyper-responsiveness may be genetic predisposition or acquired . 2- Airway hyper-responsiveness PATHOPYSIOLOGY
- 8. 3- Airways Inflammation PATHOPYSIOLOGY
- 10. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Wheezing Breathlessness (dyspnea) cough chest tightness
- 11. THANKS ALOT