Patient data analysis
- 1. Submitted To : Dr. KANCHAN VOHRA Assistant Professor Submitted By : Mohd. Rafi Bhat Patient Data Analysis
- 2. Core Elements • Medication therapy review (MTR) • Personal medication record (PMR) • Medication-related action plan (MAP) • Intervention and/or referral • Documentation and follow-up
- 3. Medication Therapy Review • The medication therapy review (MTR) is a systematic process of collecting patient- specific information, assessing medication therapies to identify medication-related problems, developing a prioritized list of medication-related problems, and creating a plan to resolve them.
- 4. the MTR may include the following: • Interviewing the patient to gather data including demographic information, general health and activity status, medical history, medication history, immunization history, and patients’ thoughts or feelings about their conditions and medication use • Assessing, on the basis of all relevant clinical information available to the pharmacist, the patient’s physical and overall health status, including current and previous diseases or conditions • Assessing the patient’s values, preferences, quality of life, and goals of therapy • Assessing cultural issues, education level, language barriers, literacy level, and other characteristics of the patient’s communication abilities that could affect outcomes • Evaluating the patient to detect symptoms that could be attributed to adverse events caused by any of his or her current medications • Interpreting, monitoring, and assessing patient’s laboratory results
- 5. • Assessing, identifying, and prioritizing medication related problems related to » Adherence to the therapy » Untreated diseases or conditions » Medication cost considerations » Healthcare/medication access considerations
- 6. • Developing a plan for resolving each medication related problem identified • Providing education and training on the appropriate use of medications and monitoring devices and the importance of medication adherence and understanding treatment goals • Coaching patients to be empowered to manage their medications • Monitoring and evaluating the patient’s response to therapy, including safety and effectiveness
- 7. Personal Medication Record • The personal medication record (PMR) is a comprehensive record of the patient’s medications (prescription and nonprescription medications, herbal products, and other dietary supplements)
- 8. The PMR, which is intended for use by the patient, may include the following information • Patient name • Patient birth date • Patient phone number • Emergency contact information (Name, relationship, phone number) • Primary care physician (Name and phone number) • Pharmacy/pharmacist (Name and phone number) • Allergies (e.g., What allergies do I have? What happened when I had the allergy or reaction?) • Other medication-related problems (e.g., What medication caused the problem? What was the problem I had?) • Potential questions for patients to ask about their medications (e.g., When you are prescribed a new drug, ask your doctor or pharmacist...) • Date last updated
- 9. • Date last reviewed by the pharmacist, physician, or other healthcare professional • Patient’s signature • Healthcare provider’s signature • For each medication, inclusion of the following: » Medication (e.g., drug name and dose) » Indication (e.g., Take for…) » Instructions for use (e.g., When do I take it?) » Start date » Stop date » Ordering prescriber/contact information (e.g., doctor) » Special instructions
- 10. Medication-Related Action Plan The medication-related action plan (MAP) is a patient-centric document containing a list of actions for the patient to use in tracking progress for self-management.
- 11. The MAP, which is intended for use by the patient, may include the following information: • Patient name • Primary care physician (Doctor’s name and phone number) • Pharmacy/pharmacist (Pharmacy name/pharmacist name and phone number) • Date of MAP creation (Date prepared) • Action steps for the patient: “What I need to do...” • Notes for the patient: ”What I did and when I did it...” • Appointment information for follow-up with pharmacist, if applicable
- 12. Intervention and/or Referral The pharmacist provides consultative services and intervenes to address medication-related problems; when necessary, the pharmacist refers the patient to a physician or other healthcare professional.
- 13. Examples of circumstances that may require referral include the following: • A patient may exhibit potential problems discovered during the MTR that may necessitate referral for evaluation and diagnosis • A patient may require disease management education to help him or her manage chronic diseases such as diabetes • A patient may require monitoring for high-risk medications (e.g., warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate)
- 14. Documentation and Follow-up MTM services are documented in a consistent manner, and a follow-up MTM visit is scheduled based on the patient’s medication-related needs, or the patient is transitioned from one care setting to another. Documentation is an essential element of the MTM service model. The pharmacist documents services and intervention(s) performed in a manner appropriate for evaluating patient progress and sufficient for billing purposes.
- 15. Proper documentation of MTM services may serve several purposes including, but not limited, to the following: • Facilitating communication between the pharmacist and the patient’s other healthcare professionals regarding recommendations intended to resolve or monitor actual or potential medication-related problems • Improving patient care and outcomes • Enhancing the continuity of patient care among providers and care settings • Ensuring compliance with laws and regulations for the maintenance of patient records • Protecting against professional liability • Capturing services provided for justification of billing or reimbursement (e.g., payer audits) • Demonstrating the value of pharmacist-provided MTM services • Demonstrating clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes
- 17. Follow-up When a patient’s care setting changes (e.g., hospital admission, hospital to home, hospital to long-term care facility, home to long- term care facility), the pharmacist transitions the patient to another pharmacist in the patient’s new care setting to facilitate continued MTM services. In these situations, the initial pharmacist providing MTM services participates cooperatively with the patient’s new pharmacist provider to facilitate the coordinated transition of the patient, including the transfer of relevant medication and other health-related information. If the patient will be remaining in the same care setting, the pharmacist should arrange for consistent follow-up MTM services in accordance with the patient’s unique medication-related needs. All follow-up evaluations and interactions with the patient and his or her other healthcare professional(s) should be included in MTM documentation.