![Patterns of Paragraph Development
Definition
• Subjective Definition:
• . . . “[I]diot” is not a nice word to call somebody, and I find myself
asking, as Mr. Welch did of Senator Joseph McCarthy, “Have you no
sense of decency, sir?” Throughout my life, I have had to struggle to
keep from thinking of myself in the limiting way that word implies. So,
for the record, I would like it known that I am not an “idiot.” I am a
person who suffers from idiocy. Nobody knows what it is like to deal
with crippling bouts of idiocy while trying to lead a normal life. The last
thing I need is for somebody to make it harder by pointing out what an
“idiot” I am. (Frazer)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/patternsofparagraphdevelopment-240916014348-4519d3f6/85/Patterns-of-Paragraph-Development-presentation-16-320.jpg)
Patterns of Paragraph Development presentation
- 1. Patterns of Paragraph Development By Violeta C. Nuñez, Ph.DElang
- 2. Patterns of Paragraph Development A pattern of development in writing refers to the particular strategy writers use to develop ideas, identify common patterns of development used in written works and use common patterns of development effectively in their own writing.
- 3. Patterns of Paragraph Development a. Narration b. Description c. Definition d. Exemplification/Classification e. Comparison and Contrast f. Cause and Effect g. Problem – Solution h. Persuasion
- 4. Patterns of Paragraph Development Narration A narrative is a story. As a method of development, storytelling can be very effective for the simple reason that people love to hear stories, and will tune in to a story when their eyes glaze over at other styles of writing. Even when your purpose is to write an essay that is primarily to inform, analyze or argue, a narrative paragraph can be effective at drawing the reader in and establishing your voice in the essay.
- 5. Patterns of Paragraph Development Narration For instance, at the beginning of an essay on the problems caused by excessive instant messaging by young teens, a writer might tell a brief story about the limited options she had for socializing outside of school in the 1970's to illustrate how substantially socializing patterns have changed.
- 6. Patterns of Paragraph Development Description Writers use descriptive paragraphs most often in fiction.
- 7. Patterns of Paragraph Development Description Description of time and place draws readers into other worlds and sets the stage where a story can unfold. Description of characters, their appearance, mannerisms, and utterances, helps us imagine what people are like.
- 8. Patterns of Paragraph Development Description Example "It was a dark and stormy night," or "The mountains loomed above them."
- 9. Patterns of Paragraph Development Description Description is also used in reportorial and scientific writing, or other writing in which the goal is to present an objective picture of an object or scene. In these writing situations, the writer attempts to stay away from emotional impressions or responses, and instead report what is seen, as a video camera records a scene.
- 10. Patterns of Paragraph Development Description Example The Acer barbatum is a small to medium-sized, deciduous tree usually ranging from 15–25 m. (50–80 ft.) tall when mature. Bark is light gray and smooth on younger trees, becoming ridged and furrowed with age……………
- 11. Patterns of Paragraph Development Description Whether your goal is to write objective or subjective description, your paragraph should have a clear controlling idea so that your reader knows what to do with your descriptive details.
- 12. Patterns of Paragraph Development Definition In a definition paragraph, the writer's goal is to help the reader understand new terms or concepts, or to come to new understanding of terms they may be familiar with.
- 13. Patterns of Paragraph Development Definition Definition is very important in the sciences, where the terminology is extensive and discipline-specific. In defining scientific terms, a writer should be as objective as possible, and when impressions are essential, the writer should strive to use analogies and impressions that the reader can readily identify with.
- 14. Patterns of Paragraph Development Definition In the humanities, on the other hand, definitions can be more subjective. A writer may wish to define complex terms such as "heartache," "luck," or "democracy" in a personal way.
- 15. Patterns of Paragraph Development Definition • Scientific Definition: • Bacterial endocarditis occurs when bacteria in the bloodstream (bacteremia) lodge on abnormal heart valves or other damaged heart tissue. Certain bacteria normally live on parts of your body, such as the mouth and upper respiratory system, the intestinal and urinary tracts, and the skin. Some surgical and dental procedures cause a brief bacteremia. Bacteremia is common after many invasive procedures, but only certain bacteria commonly cause endocarditis. ("Bacterial")
- 16. Patterns of Paragraph Development Definition • Subjective Definition: • . . . “[I]diot” is not a nice word to call somebody, and I find myself asking, as Mr. Welch did of Senator Joseph McCarthy, “Have you no sense of decency, sir?” Throughout my life, I have had to struggle to keep from thinking of myself in the limiting way that word implies. So, for the record, I would like it known that I am not an “idiot.” I am a person who suffers from idiocy. Nobody knows what it is like to deal with crippling bouts of idiocy while trying to lead a normal life. The last thing I need is for somebody to make it harder by pointing out what an “idiot” I am. (Frazer)
- 17. Patterns of Paragraph Development Exemplification/classification An exemplification paragraph develops a general statement--the topic sentence--with one or more specific examples. Not only do these examples illustrate and explain the topic sentence, but they also make your writing more interesting and more convincing.
- 18. Patterns of Paragraph Development Exemplification/classification Exemplification writing uses specific, vivid examples for the purpose of adding more information to explain, persuade, define, or illustrate a general idea. ... By supplying specific examples, the writer adds additional who, what, when, where, why, and how information to elaborate on the main idea of a paragraph or essay.
- 19. Patterns of Paragraph Development Comparison and contrast A compare and/or contrast paragraph is required if you are asked to examine similarities and/or differences. Compare focuses on similarities. Contrast focuses on differences. Topic sentence identifies the topic and the intention to compare and/or contrast X and Y; comments on the degree of similarity or difference.
- 20. Patterns of Paragraph Development Comparison and contrast The Comparison paragraph compares two subjects and discusses how they are alike and lists a few examples. In the contrast paragraph, two subjects are discussed as how they are different, again, listing a few examples.
- 21. Patterns of Paragraph Development Transitional expressions used in comparison: • in the same way • and, also, in addition • as well as • both, neither • each of • just as...so • similarly • like • too • the same
- 22. Patterns of Paragraph Development Transitional expressions used in contrast: • although • whereas • but • however • conversely • on the other hand • in contrast • while • yet • unlike
- 23. Patterns of Paragraph Development Cause and Effect is a paragraph that explains the relationship between the situation and its consequences (The reason/s why certain things happen that way is directly reflected to its cause.
- 24. Patterns of Paragraph Development Problem – Solution is a pattern of organization where information in a passage is expressed as a dilemma or concerning issue (a problem) and something that was, can be, or should be done to remedy this issue (solution or attempted solution).
- 25. Patterns of Paragraph Development Problem – Solution Example: It seems like there has been a surge in teen pregnancies these days. Teen pregnancies make it very difficult for young mothers to pursue their dreams and meet the demands of an infant. Fortunately, most teen pregnancies can be easily prevented by using birth control; however, even birth control is not 100% effective. The most effective way to prevent teen pregnancies is abstinence, which is 100% effective.
- 26. Patterns of Paragraph Development Persuasion means to convince someone that your opinion on a subject is the right one. A persuasive paragraph starts with a topic sentence, which states an opinion about something. The body sentences give reasons that support the opinion, and the closing sentence may state the opinion in a new way.
- 27. Patterns of Paragraph Development A persuasive paragraph starts with a topic sentence, which states an opinion about something. The body sentences give reasons that support the opinion, and the closing sentence may state the opinion in a new way.
- 28. Patterns of Paragraph Development There are many forms of persuasion, you might not even know you are being persuaded. For example advertisements are persuading you to buy a certain product. Or family is always trying to convince you to do something or that they are always right.