nonMus-7

1
1
Bmjvg mš¿vm‡K wb›`v K‡i
g~j iPbv : nviyb Bqvwnqv
Abyev`: Rvexb nvwg`
B-‡gj : jabin.hamid@gmail.com

2
2
‡jLK cwiwPwZ:
Bqvn~`x, L„÷vb I gymjgvb‡ì kª‡×q `yB bex nhiZ
nvi“b ( Av: ) I nhiZ Bqvwnqv ( Av:) -- hviv ag©nxbZvi
wei“‡× msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb , Zuv‡ì cyY¨ ¯§„wZi m¤§v‡b
Zzi‡¯‹i †jLK Av`bvb IKZvi wb‡Ri QÙbvg Ò nvi“b
Bqvwnqv Ó †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb|
Zuvi eB‡qi cÖ”Q‡` nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:) Gi eëüZ
wmj‡gvni cÖZxKx A_© enb K‡i| cweÎ KziAvb †h
†kl Avmgvbx wKZve I nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:) †h me bex I
ivm~j‡ì wmj ev †kl ivm~j , Zv GB wmj‡gvn‡ii
gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv n‡”Q|
‡jLK ag©nxbZvi wei“‡× †hb wRnv‡` wjß| KziAvb I
nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:) Gi Rxeb Av`‡k©i K_v wZwb Zuvi
eB¸wj‡Z Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk cvw_©e ¯^v‡_©
†fvMev`x gvby‡li ag©nxbZv , weeZ©bev`x‡ì wg_¨v cÖPvi
I ag© wel‡q AÁZvi Aïf cwiYvg wb‡q gymjgvb‡ì
mZK© K‡i‡Qb|
weeZ©bev` m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYv :
wewfbœ RvwZMZ we‡Øl I fyj †evSv‡evwSi g~‡j i‡q‡Q
wg_¨v GK Z_vKw_Z êÁvwbK ZË¡| GB my¯úó ee©iZv
we‡klfv‡e D‡j−‡Li `vex iv‡L| †Kbbv, eZ©gvb hy‡Mi wewfbœ
fyj gZev` GB wg_¨vi cÖwZwôZ | Gm‡ei wg_¨v êÁvwbK
wfwË n‡jv WviDB‡bi Z_vKw_Z weeZ©b gZev`| A‡b‡KB
fv‡eb GwU †Kej RxeweÁv‡bi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|wKš‘ Avm‡j
weeZ©bev` Gi †P‡qI A‡bK †ekx wKQz| GwU ïaygvÎ
RxeweÁv‡bi gZev` bq , GwU A‡bK `k©bZ‡Ë¡i wfZ hv
c„w_exi †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q I Ki‡Q|
nvi“b Bqvwnqvi eB GB wg_¨v ZË¡¸wji AmviZv
cvVK‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i I gnvb mªóvi me©‡kl
wKZve KziAvb kix‡di Av`k© Rxe‡b ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z
ZvwM` †`q| gymjgvb I Agymjgvb meviB GB eB‡qi
†_‡K A‡bK wKQz †kLvi Av‡Q|

3
3
Abyev‡ì e¨cv‡i †Kvb civgk© _vK‡j B-‡g‡j
Rvbv‡Z Aby‡iva KiwQ| hvRvK Avj−vû Lvqivb ( Avj−vn
Avcbv‡K DËg cÖwZdj `vb Ki“b )|
Rvexb nvwg`
B-‡gj : jabin.hamid@gmail.com
m~Px --
f’wgKv:
Bmjv‡gi bxwZK_v : kvwš— I wbivcËvi Drm
cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K hy×:
hviv a‡g©i bv‡g mš¿vm K‡i , †mB me mš¿vmx‡ì cÖK„Z
†Pnviv :
Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ KyiAv‡bi `„wóf½x:
Bmjvg ga¨cÖv‡P¨ kvwš— I HK¨ G‡bwQj:
mš¿v‡mi cÖK…Z wfwË ev KviY : WviDBwbRg I Roev` ZË¡ (
†fvMevw`Zv ev †gwUwi‡qwjRg )
GKwU i³v³ RywU : WviDBwbRg I KwgDwbRg:
mgvwß: cwðgv wek¦ I gymwjg‡ì Kv‡Q mycvwikmg~n:

4
4
f’wgKv:
cig Ki“Yvgq I Amxg `qvjy Avj−vn&i bv‡g ïi“ KiwQ
wbðqB hviv Cgvb Av‡b I fvj KvR K‡i, `qvgq Avj−vn
Zv‡ì‡K fvjevmv ‡`‡eb
( cweÎ KziAvb , myiv gviBqvg , 19: 96 )
2001 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i Av‡gwiKvi `yBwU cÖavb kn‡i
mš¿vmx nvgjvq nvRv†iv wbiciva gvbyl Lyb I RLg nq |
gymjgvb wnmv‡e 9/11 Gi mš¿vmx NUbvi wei“‡× Avgiv
Zxeª N„Yv cÖKvk KiwQ| wbnZ‡ì cwievi, AvnZ gvbyl --
GK K_vq cy‡iv Av‡gwiKvevmx‡K Avgiv Avš—wiK mg‡e`bv
RvbvB|
UzBb UvIqvi I †c›UvM‡b nvgjvi ‡cÖ¶vc‡U mš¿v‡mi g~j
KviY Avm‡j Kx, †mB welqwU cy‡iv c„w_ex‡Z Av‡jvPbvi
g~‡j P‡j Av‡m| gymjgvb‡ì c¶ †_‡K cy‡iv wek¦evmx‡K
Rvbv‡bv nq †h , Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mš¿v‡mi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB|
mwZ¨Kvi Bmjvg kvwšZ I mnbkxjZvi ag©|

5
5
we‡k¦i A‡bK eo eo †bZv, ivóªcÖavb, RbwcÖq MYgva¨‡gi
c¶ †_‡K ejv nq †h, Bmjvg mš¿vm‡K N„Yv K‡i Ges wewfbœ
gvbyl I RvwZi g‡a¨ GKZv ¯’vc‡bi K_v e‡j| Bmjv‡gi
g~j Av`k©‡K cy‡iv cvðvZ¨ wek¦ †hb Gmgq ey‡S DV‡Z
cv‡i Ges KyiAv‡b Avj−vnÕi Av‡`k m¤ú‡K© cwðgviv
fvjfv‡e AewnZ nq †h, mš¿vm I Bmjvg cvkvcvwk Pj‡Z
cv‡i bv| mªóvi KvQ †_‡K Avmv cweÎ †Kvb ag©B mš¿vm
Kivi AbygwZ †`q bv|
GB eB‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, Avgiv †h mš¿v‡mi wb›`v Kwi , †mB
mš¿v‡mi Drm Aek¨B cweÎ †Kvb ag© bq Ges Bmjv‡g
mš¿v‡mi †Kvb RvqMv †bB| Bmjv‡gi Drm cweÎ KyiAv‡b
I cÖK…Z gymwjg kvmK‡ì BwZnv‡m we‡kl K‡i nhiZ
gynv¤§v` (`: ) Gi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ NUbvq A‡bK Av‡MB GUv
¯úó n‡q wM‡q‡Q | GB eB‡Z cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K
Ges BwZnv‡mi wewfbœ Kvwnbxi D`vniY w`‡q eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q ,
Bmjvg mš¿vm‡K wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i‡Q Ges we‡k¦i gvby‡li
g‡a¨ kvwšZ I wbivcËvi K_v e‡j|
cy‡iv c„w_ex‡ZB bvbv ARynv‡Z eû `j wewfbœ mg‡q
mš¿vm K‡i‡Q| kZ kZ eQi a‡i GgbwU NU‡Q| KL‡bv
†Kvb KwgDwb÷ `j , KL‡bv d¨vwm÷ `j , KL‡bv Pigcš’x ,
wew”QbœZvev`x `j Gm‡ei `vq-`vwqZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q|
Av‡gwiKv cÖvqB eY©ev`x I mš¿vmx `j¸wji Avµg‡Yi
wkKvi nq Avi BD‡ivcxq †`k¸wj wewfbœ mš¿vmx `‡ji
Zxeª AvKªg‡Yi cÖavb NUbv¯’‡j cwiYZ nq |
MÖx‡mi GKwU mb&ªvmx `j hvi bvg 17 b‡f¤î , Rvg©vbxi Avi
G Gd ( †iW Avwg© d¨vKkb ) Ges wbI bvrmx , †¯ú‡bi
BwUG, BUvjxi †iW weª‡MÖWmn A‡bK `jB c„w_ex‡Z
i‡q‡Q hviv wbixn, Amnvq gvbyl‡K †g‡i Zuv‡ì `vexi
cÖwZ mevi `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z Pvq|

6
6
we‡k¦i cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ mš¿v‡mi cÖK…wZI
e`jvq| DbœZ cªhyw³i Kvi‡Y mš¿v‡mi kw³ I cÖfve
A‡bK ¸Y †e‡o hvq| †hgb, MYgva¨g Z_v B›Uvi‡bU mš¿vmx
Kvh©Kjv‡ci my‡hvM I cÖfve Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK evwo‡q
w`‡q‡Q|
cwðgv msMVb¸wji cvkvcvwk ga¨cÖv‡P¨ †_‡K D™¢yZ A‡bK
mš¿vmx `j i‡q‡Q| GB me `j we‡k¦i cÖvq me RvqMvq
bvbv ai‡Yi mš¿vmx Kvh©Kjvc cwiPvjbv K‡i|
`~f©vM¨µ‡g, GB me mš¿vmx `j¸wj , gymjgvb ev Bqvn~`x
bvgavix nq| wKš‘ , Avm‡j mªóvi KvQ †_‡K Avmv
cweÎ ag©¸wj Gme mš¿vm‡K mg_©b K‡i bv|
mwZ¨ K_v n‡jv GB †h, †Kvb mš¿vmx hwÌ gymjgvb
cwiPqavix nq , Zvi mš¿vmx KvR‡K KL‡bvB Ò Bmjvgx
mš¿vm Ó ejv hv‡e bv| †hgbwU ejv hv‡e bv L„÷vb ev
Bqvn~`x mš¿vm hwÌ mš¿vmxiv †mB a‡g©i cwiPqavix
nq| Avgiv cieZ©x Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z †`Lv‡ev , cweÎ a‡g©i
bv‡g Amnvq , wbiciva gvbyl‡K Lyb Kiv‡K KL‡bvB
†g‡b †bqv hvq bv|
Avgv‡ì g‡b ivLv ìKvi , wbDBqK© Avi IqvwksU‡b
hviv Lzb n‡q‡Q , ‡mB
( L„÷vb iv ) fvjevm‡Zv nhiZ Cmv ( Av: ) †K ,
Bqvn~`xiv kª×v Ki‡Zv nhiZ gymv ( Av: ) †K Ges
gymjgvbiv fvjevm‡Zv nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) †K| wbixn
gvbyl‡ì Lyb Kiv n‡jv eo cvc | hw` Avj−vn gvd bv
K‡ib , Zvn‡j GB cv‡ci kvw¯— †`vh‡Li Av¸b| ‡Kvb
avwg©K e¨w³ †h wKbv Avj−vn‡K fq K‡i , Zvi c‡¶ GB
cvc KvR Kiv m¤¢e bq|
ag©‡K AvNvZ Kivi BPQv †_‡KB GKgvÎ GB ai‡bi
AvMÖvmx AvµgY Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e-
hviv GB ai‡bi mš¿vmx AvµgY Pvjvq , Zviv ag©‡K
gvby‡li †Pv‡L kqZvbx ev Aïf kw³ wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb
K‡i| gvbyl‡K Zviv ag© †_‡K `y‡i mwi‡q †`q| Avi hviv
ag© cvjb K‡i Zv‡ì cÖwZ gvby‡li g‡b N„Yvi m„wó
K‡i| a‡g©i gy‡Lvk c‡i Av‡gwiKvq ev †h †Kvb

7
7
gvby‡li Dci †h me AvNvZ Avbv n‡q‡Q, Zv Avm‡j a‡g©i
Dc‡iB cÖPÛ AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q|
ag© Av‡`k K‡i fvjevm‡Z , ¶gv Ki‡Z , kvwš— cÖwZôv
Ki‡Z| mš¿vm n‡jv a‡g©i wVK wecixZ| mš¿vm n‡jv
wbôzi , ¶gvnxb Avi `vex K‡i Amnv‡qi i³ Avi
hš¿Yv| Gm‡ei wfwË‡Z mš¿v‡mi g~j Drm LyR‡Z n‡e
Awek¦v‡m , ag©nxbZvq -----KL‡bvB a‡g© bq| gvby‡li
cÖwZwµqvkxjZv , KwgDwbó fveaviv, eY©ev`x AvPiY ev
Rxe‡bi cÖwZ †fvMev`xi `„wóf½x‡K Avgiv m¤¢ve¨ ûgwK
wnmv‡e a‡i wb‡Z cvwi|
‡K ¸wj Qzo‡Q , Zvi bvg ev cwiPq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq| †m hw`
†Pv‡Li cvZv GKeviI bv Kvwc‡q Amnvq gvbyl‡K gvi‡Z
cv‡i , Zvn‡j †m Awek¦vmx ---KL‡bvB ag©wek¦vmx bq|
†m n‡jv Lybx hvi g‡b Avj−vnÕi fq †bB| GB
mš¿vmxi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv i³ Siv‡bv Avi ¶wZ Kiv|
GRb¨ Bmjvgx mš¿vm ev gymwjg mš¿vmx aviYvwU n‡jv
cy‡ivcywi fyj| GUv Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k©i we‡ivax| Bmjv‡g
mš¿vm Z_v wbicivax‡K Lyb Kiv GKUv eo cvc|
gymjgvb‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv GB ai‡Yi cvc‡K cÖwZ‡iva
Kiv Avi c„w_ex‡Z b¨vq I kvwš— cÖwZôv Kiv|
Bmjv‡gi bxwZK_v : kvwš— I wbivcËvi Drm
hviv Bmjv‡gi bv‡g mš¿vm K‡i, Zviv Avm‡j a‡g©i
fyj e¨vL¨v K‡i| GRb¨ Zviv hv Ki‡Q Zv Ab¨vq n‡”Q|
GRb¨ GB me mš¿vmx‡ì wbR wbR a‡g©i cÖwZwbwa g‡b
Kiv n‡e gvivZœK fyj| GKwU ag©‡K eyS‡Z n‡j Zvi g~j
Drm †_‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e|
Bmjv‡gi cweÎ Drm n‡jv KyiAvb kixd| GB cweÎ
wKZv‡ei avibv¸wji wfwË n‡jv ˆbwZKZv , fvjevmv,
mg‡e`bv , webq , Z¨vM , âh© I kvwš—| ‡h gymwjg GB

8
8
me ˆbwZK Dc‡`k¸wj †g‡b P‡j , ¯^fveZB †m nq
me ‡_‡K f`ª, webqx , wPš—vq mveavbx , kvjxb , b¨vq
wePviK , wek¦vmx | gvbyl Zuv‡K Avcb fve‡Z cv‡i| †mB
n‡jv gymjgvb †h fvjevmv, kª×v I †eu‡P _vKvi Avb›`
wb‡Ri Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q w`‡q , mevi mv‡_ wg‡jwg‡k
P‡j|
Bmjvg kvwš—i ag©:
e„nËi A‡_© ejv hvq , ivR‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ †emvgwiK
gvbyl‡ì Dci AvµgY Pvjv‡bv n‡jv mš¿vm | Ab¨fv‡e
ejv hvq , †h †Kvb wbiciva gvbyl‡K AvµgY KivB n‡jv
mš¿vm| mš¿vmx‡ì †Pv‡L nvgjvi wkKvi H gvbyl‡ì
GKgvÎ Aciva n‡jv, Zuviv Ab¨ g‡Zi cÖwZwbwa| mš¿vm
n‡jv Amnvq gvby‡li i³ Siv‡bv , hv †Kvb hyw³‡ZB
mg_©b Kiv hvq bv| wnUjvi I ÷¨vwjb †h b„ksm
nZ¨vKvÛ NwU‡q‡Q Zv gvbeZvi wei“‡× Aciva|
KyiAvb gvby‡li Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q m‡Zï c_ cÖ`k©K wnmv‡e
| GB Avmgvbx wKZv‡e Avj−vn Avgv‡ì Av‡`k
w`‡q‡Qb DbœZ ˆbwZK Av`k©‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z| Aviex †h
kã †_‡K Bmjvg G‡m‡Q Zvi A_© kvwš—| Bmjvg G‡m‡Q
kvwš—i B”Qv wb‡q hv‡Z Avj−vnÕi Abš— ¶gv I mvš—¡bvi
evZ©v GB c„w_ex‡Z my¯úófv‡e cÖKvk cvq| Avj−vn&
mevB‡K Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖwZ Avnevb K‡ib hv‡Z
c„w_exi mevB mnbkxjZv, ¶gv, kvwš— Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z
cv‡i | myiv evKvivi 208 bs Avqv‡Z Avj−vn& e‡j‡Qb, †n
gywgbMY ; †Zvgiv cwic~Y©fv‡e Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki Ges
kqZv‡bi c`vsK AbymiY K‡iv bv| †m †Zv †Zvgv‡ì
cÖKvk¨ kÎ“|GB Avqv‡Z ¯úó e‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q, Bmjv‡g
cy‡ivcywi cÖ‡ek Ki‡j Z‡eB wbivcËv wbwðZ n‡e| Gi
gv‡b, KyiAv‡bi g~j¨‡ev‡ai g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì evm Ki‡Z
n‡e| KyiAv‡bi GB g~j¨‡ev‡ai Rb¨ GKRb gymjgvb‡K
ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l me gvby‡li cÖwZ `qv †`Lv‡Z nq|
Zv‡ì mv‡_ b¨vq AvPiY Ki‡Z nq; Afvex I
wbiciva‡K i¶v Avi Awb‡ói we¯Zvi‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z
nq|Awbó ev AcKvi n‡jv ZvB hv wbivcËv,Avivg,
kvwšZ‡K bó K‡i| Avj−vn& e‡j‡Qb, wZwb cvc I

9
9
bxwZnxbZv‡K cQ›` K‡ib bv| Avj−vn& GB AvPi‡Yi K_v
e‡j‡Qb Gfv‡e: ÔAvi hLb †m wd‡i hvq ZLb †m †Póv
K‡i hv‡Z c„w_ex‡Z AkvwšZ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges
km¨‡¶Î I Rxe-Rš‘i esk webvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avj−vn
AkvwšZ cQ›` K‡ib bv Õ( myiv evKviv; 2:205 ) |AKvi‡Y
wbiciva gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv Awb‡ói GKwU eo D`vniY|
Avj−vn Bqvn~`x‡ì Kv‡Q ‡h Av‡`k cvwV‡qwQ‡jb, ‡mUvB
Avevi Rvwb‡q w`‡jb cweÎ KyiAv‡b: Ô.... †KD KvD‡K
cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q cÖvY wKsev `ywbqvq d¨vmv` m„wó Kivi
KviY Qvov nZ¨v Ki‡j †m †hb `ywbqvi me gvbyl‡KB nZ¨v
Ki‡jv, Avi †h †KD Kv‡iv Rxeb i¶v Ki‡jv, ‡m †hb
mKj gvby‡li Rxeb i¶v Ki‡jv| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †Zv G‡mwQj
Avgvi A‡bK ivm~j ¯úó cÖgvY wb‡q| wKš‘ GiciI Zv‡ì
A‡b‡KB `ywbqvq mxgv jsNbKvixB i‡q †Mj ( myiv gvwq`v;
5: 32)|
GB Avqv‡Z ¯úó ejv †`qv n‡q‡Q, †h AKvi‡Y KvD‡K
nZ¨v K‡i wb ev `ywbqvq AkvwšZ m„wó K‡i wb, Ggb
GKRb gvÎ wbiciva gvbyl†K nZ¨v Kiv gv‡bB n‡jv ‡hb
`ywbqvi me gvbyl‡K †g‡i †djv| GB hLb weavb, ZLb
mn‡RB †evSv hvq, †ec‡ivqv nvgjv I wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨vKvÛ
hv mš¿vmx‡ì Kv‡Q AvZœNvwZ nvgjv bv‡g RbwcÖq , Zv
KZ eo cvc| †Kbbv, G‡Z AmsL¨ wbixn gvbyl cÖvY nvivq |
Avj−vn& e‡j‡Qb, GB ai‡Yi wbôzi nZ¨vKvÛ I eo cv‡ci
kvw¯Z wZwb wKfv‡e cvcx‡ì‡K ciKv‡j †`‡eb---- ÔÔ
Awf‡hvM †Kej Zv‡ì wei“‡× hviv gvby‡li Dci AZ¨vPvi
K‡i Ges c„w_ex‡Z Ab¨vqfv‡e we‡`ªvn K‡i ‡eovq|
GiKg †jvK‡ì Rb¨B i‡q‡Q hš¿Yv`vqK Avhve ( myiv
ïiv; 42: 42)|
GB me wKQy‡ZB †evSv hv‡”Q †h, wbiciva gvbyl‡ì wei“‡×
msNwUZ mš¿vm cy‡ivcywi Bmjv‡gi wecixZ ; Avi GUv
KL‡bvB n‡Z cv‡i bv †h †Kvb cÖK„Z gymwjg Gai‡Yi
Aciva Ki‡e| eis ejv hvq †h, gymjgvb‡ì KZ©e¨
n‡jv , GB ai‡Yi cvcx‡ì _vgv‡bv Ges c„w_exi eyK

10
10
†_‡K GB ai‡Yi Ab¨vq‡K wbwðý K‡i c„w_exi
gvby‡li Kv‡Q kvwšZ I wbivcËv †cuŠ‡Q †`qv| Bmjvg
KL‡bvB mš¿v‡mi mv‡_ †Kvb m¤úK© ivL‡Z cv‡i bv|
Gi m¤ú~Y© wecix‡Z wM‡q ejv hvq, Bmjvg n‡jv mš¿vm
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai c_ I Dcvq|
Avj−vn cvc‡K wb›`v K‡i G‡K `Ûbxq Aciva e‡j‡Qb :
Avj−vn gvbyl‡K Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb †Kvb Ab¨vq bv Ki‡Z --
- †hgb: AZ¨vPvi, wbôziZv, nZ¨v I i³ Siv‡bv Gme
n‡jv wbwl×| Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, ‡h GB Av‡`k cvj‡b e¨_©
nq, †m †hb kqZv‡bi c_ AbymiY K‡i | †m e¨w³
cv‡ci c_‡K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q hv ¯úóZB Ab¨vq e‡j
KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q| G e¨cv‡i KyiAv‡bi AmsL¨
Avqv‡Zi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU n‡jv:
ÔÔAvi hviv Avj−vn&i mv‡_ `„p kc_ Kivi ci Zv ‡f‡½
‡d‡j Ges †h m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z Avj−vn Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb
Zv wQbœ K‡i, Avi c„w_ex‡Z d¨vmv` m„wó K‡i †eovq,
Zv‡ìB Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Awfkvc Ges Zv‡ìB Rb¨ i‡q‡Q
wbK…ó cwiYvg ÕÕ( myiv ivÕ`; 13: 25)|
........†Zvgiv Avj−vnÕi †`qv RxweKv †_‡K cvbvnvi Ki
Avi c„w_ex‡Z `v½v-nv½vgv K‡iv bv ( myiv evKviv; 2:
60)|
ÔÔc„w_ex‡K K‚ms¯‹vigy³ I wVK Kivi ci †mLv‡b wek„sLjv
m„wó K‡iv bv| Zuv‡K ( Avj−vn‡K ) Wv‡Kv fq I Avkv
wb‡q| wbðqB Avj−vnÕi ingZ †bKKvi‡ì wbKUeZ©x (
myiv AvÕivd : 7: 56 )|
hviv g‡b Ki‡Q cvcvPvi, wec−e ,AZ¨vPvi Avi wbiciva
gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i mvdj¨ jvf Kiv hv‡e, Zviv Avm‡j
gvivZœK fyj Ki‡Q| Avj−vn me ai‡Yi Ab¨vq‡K wbwl×
K‡i‡Qb hvi g‡a¨ Aek¨B mš¿vm Avi msNl© Aš—f©y³ |
hviv GB ai‡Yi KvR K‡i Avj−vn Zv‡ì wb›`v K‡i GK
Avqv‡Z e‡j‡Qb, Ò Avj−vn †Zv AkvwšZ m„wóKvix‡ì

11
11
KvR myôzfv‡e mgvav n‡Z †`b bvÓ ( myiv BDbym; 10:
81)| ÕeZ©gvb mg‡q mš¿vm, MYnZ¨v , †ec‡ivqv nZ¨vKvÛ
cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡oB n‡”Q| wbiciva gvbyl‡ì wbôzifv‡e
Lyb Kiv n‡”Q Avi †`‡k †`‡k wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi
ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ K…wÎgfv‡e N„Yvi Rb¥ w`‡q i‡³i †mªv‡Z
Zv‡ì‡K Wyev‡bv n‡”Q| GB ai‡Yi Zxeª N„Yv m„wói
KviY I cUfywg GK GKwU †`‡ki HwZn¨ , ms¯‹…wZ I
mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv †f‡` Avjv`v Avjv`v n‡q _v‡K|
ag©xq bxwZK_v Avgv‡ì †kLvq fvjevmv, kª×v Avi
mnbkxjZv ; wKš‘ GUv ¯úó †evSv hv‡”Q †h GB ˆbwZKZv
Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| ag©xq †PZbvi Afv‡e
Ggb GK †Mvôxi Rb¥ n‡”Q hviv Avj−vn‡K fq cvq bv
Ges wek¦vm K‡i †h ciKv‡j Zv‡ì †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨
Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e bv| †h‡nZz Zviv GUvB wek¦vm K‡i
†h , Ô Avgv‡K Kv‡iv Kv‡QB †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqx n‡Z
n‡e bv, Õ ZvB Zviv Lye mn‡RB A‡bï Rb¨ †Kvb `y:L‡eva
QvovB, ‰bwZKZv Avi fvj-g›` wePvi bv K‡iB KvR
Ki‡Z cv‡i|Avj−vn I a‡g©i bvg eënvi K‡i fÛ
e¨w³iv wb‡R‡ì Aw¯ZZ¡ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b cÖKvk K‡i;
wKš‘ Avm‡j Zviv †m me cvcvPv‡i wjß _v‡K †h¸wj‡K
Avj−vn wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| GB ai‡bi NUbvi cÖwZ wb‡`©k K‡i
cweÎ KyiAv‡bi 27 bs myivq bqRb gvbyl m¤ú‡K© ejv
n‡q‡Q hviv bex (`: ) †K nZ¨vi lohš¿ K‡iwQj ; Ges
†mUv Zviv K‡iwQj Avj−vnÕi bv‡g kc_ K‡i Ki‡e e‡jB|
ÔÔ Avi †mB Rbc‡` Ggb bqRb e¨w³ wQj, hviv †`kgq
wech©q m„wó K‡i †eovZ Ges GKUzI kvwšZ ¯’vcb Ki‡Zv
bv| Zviv ej‡jv, †Zvgiv Avj−vnÕi bv‡g Kmg K‡iv †h,
Avgiv iv‡Zi †ejv bex‡K I Zuvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì
Aek¨B nZ¨v Ki‡ev; Zvici Zuvi AwffveK‡K Aek¨B e‡j
†è †h, Avgiv Zvi cwievie‡M©i nZ¨vKvÛ †`wL wb, Avi
Avgiv †Zv mZëv`x| Zviv GK †Mvcb lohš¿ Ki‡jv Ges
AvwgI GK †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kijvg, wKš‘ Zviv Zv †UiI
†cj bv ÕÕ ( myiv bvgj& 27: 48-50 ) |
KyiAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi eY©Yvq †evSv hvq , ev¯—‡e gvbyl A‡bK
wKQyB Avj−vnÕi bv‡g K‡i Ggb wK Avj−vnÕi bv‡g kc_I
K‡i Zviv| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, Zviv wb‡R‡ì‡K Lye avwg©K
wnmv‡e †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨B Avj−vnÕi bvg eënvi K‡i| wKš‘
ZvB e‡j GUv ejv hv‡e bv †h , Zviv hv Ki‡Q Zvi mv‡_
Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k©i wgj i‡q‡Q| eis ejv hvh, Zviv hv
Ki‡Q Zv Avj−vnÕi AcQ‡›ì KvR Ges ag©xq ˆbwZKZvi
we‡ivax| Zviv wK Ki‡Q †mB mZ¨ Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri g‡a¨B
cÖKvk cv‡”Q|hw` Zv‡ì KvR Ggb nq hv cweÎ KyiAv‡bi

12
12
Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô wech©q m„wó Avi kvwšZ
¯’vcb bv KivÕ , Zvn‡j Avgiv wbwðZ K‡i ej‡Z cvwi
GB ai‡bi gvbyl KL‡bvB cÖK…Z avwg©K bq| a‡g©i Kj¨v‡Yi
Rb¨ wKQy Kiv KL‡bvB G‡ì D‡Ïk¨ bq|GKRb Avj−vn fxi“
e¨w³ †h wKbv Bmjv‡gi ˆbwZKZv‡K eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q †m
KL‡bvB cvc I mš¿vm‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G ai‡bi
†Kvb Kv‡R Ask †bqv Zvi c‡¶ Am¤¢e | Bmjv‡gB
i‡q‡Q mš¿v‡mi mwZ¨Kvi mgvavb|KyiAv‡bi DbœZ
bxwZgvjv‡K hLb eywS‡q ejv nq , ZLb †h †Kvb gvby‡li
c‡¶B mwZ¨Kv‡ii Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mš¿v‡mi mg_©K‡ì I
mš¿vmx `j¸wj‡K †gjv‡bv Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| †Kbbv,
mš¿vmx‡ì j¶¨ n‡jv N„Yv , hy× Avi wek„•Ljv m„wó|
Ab¨w`‡K , Avj−vn cvc‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Qb| ÔAvi hLb †m
wd‡i hvq , ZLb †m †Póv K‡i hv‡Z c„w_ex‡Z AkvwšZ
m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges km¨‡¶Î I Rxe-Rš‘i esk webvk
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avj−vn AkvwšZ cQ›` K‡ib bv| Avi hLb
Zv‡K ejv nq: Avj−vn‡K fq Ki, ZLb Zvi AnsKvi Zv‡K
cv‡c DØy× K‡i| myZivs †`vhLB Zvi Rb¨ h_v‡hvM¨ ¯’vb|
wbðqB Zv n‡jv wbK…ó Avevm ( myiv evKviv, 2: 205-
206)| GB Avqv‡Z cÖKvk cv‡”Q, †Kvb Avj−vnfxi“ e¨w³i
c‡¶ mvgvb¨ †Kvb KvRI hv gvbeZvi Rb¨ ¶wZKi n‡Z
cv‡i, †m e¨cv‡i wbwe©Kvi _vKvi †Kvb cÖkœB DV‡Z cv‡i
bv| †h e¨w³ mªóvq I
ciKv‡j wek¦vmx bq, Zvi c‡¶ mn‡RB me cvc KvR Kiv
m¤¢e| †Kbbv, †m g‡b K‡i Kv‡iv Kv‡QB Zvi †Kvb
Revew`wnZv ‡bB|eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡K mš¿v‡mi AZ¨vPvi †_‡K
i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB hv Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡jv mwVK wk¶vi
gva¨‡g wec_Mvgx ag©nxb wek¦vm hv a‡g©i bv‡g cÖPvi Kiv nq
, †m me‡K `~i Kiv Avi gvbyl‡K KyiAv‡bi mwZ¨Kvi
bxwZK_v †kLv‡bv I Avj−vn‡K fq Kiv |

13
13
wek¦vmx‡ì `vwqZ¡:
ag© gvbyl‡K Mfxi AšZ`©„wó `vb K‡i ; hvi d‡j gvby‡li
c‡¶ m¤¢e nq ¯^v_©nxbZv, åvZ…Z¡‡eva , eÜzZ¡ , mZZv I
†mev Kivi g‡bvfv‡ei AbyMZ nIqv| †Kvb NUbvq mivmwi
cÖfvweZ bv nIqv ch©šZ hviv †Kvb mgm¨v wb‡q gv_v Nvgvq
bv, Zviv GB Mfxi AšZ`„©wó †_‡K ewÂZ | G ai‡Yi
gvby‡liv mviv Rxeb a‡i ïaygvÎ wb‡Ri AvZœv‡KB mš‘ó
Kivi †Póv K‡i ; gvbeZvi Rb¨ hv ûgwK --- ‡m m¤c‡K©
Zviv m¤ú~Y© †eLei _v‡K|
cweÎ KyiAv‡b Avj−vn †m me e¨w³i bxwZ‡K cÖksmv
K‡i‡Qb hviv wb‡R‡ì Pvicv‡k hv Av‡Q Zvi Kj¨v‡Y
msMÖvg K‡i| Zviv wb‡R‡ì Av‡kcv‡k Kx NU‡Q †m wb‡q
m‡PZb Ges Giv gvbyl‡K Kj¨v‡Yi c‡_ Wv‡K|
hviv A‡bï DcKv‡i wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges hviv
memgq Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ KvR K‡i, Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K©
KyiAv‡bi Avqv‡Z GKwU iƒc‡Ki eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q :
ÔÔAvj−vn AviI D`vniY eY©bv Ki‡Qb `yB e¨w³i : Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ GKRb †evev, †Kvb KvRB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv , ZvB †m
Zvi gwb‡ei MjMÖn ; gwbe Zv‡K †hLv‡bB cvVvq , †m fvj
wKQyB K‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i bv; †m wK H e¨w³i mgvb n‡Z
cv‡i †h b¨v‡qi Av‡`k †`q Ges mij c‡_ i‡q‡Q ? ÕÕ(
myiv bvnj , 16: 76 )
Avqv‡Z wb‡`©k Kiv n‡”Q , Ô mij c‡_ ZvivB Av‡Q Õ hviv
Zuv‡ì a‡g©i cÖwZ wb‡ew`ZcªvY ; mªóvi cÖwZ hviv fxZ ,
mªóvi Av‡`‡ki cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx ; D”P , Ava¨vwZœK
g~j¨‡ev‡ai AwaKvix Ges hviv gvbeZvi †mev Ki‡Z
AZ¨šZ AvMÖnx|
mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvq, wKQy gvbyl Av‡Q hviv gvbeZvi
Kj¨v‡Y KvR K‡i Avi gvby‡li Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì mv‡_
Kj¨vY e‡q wb‡q Av‡m| GB Kvi‡Y KyiAv‡bi bxwZgvjvi
Av‡jv‡K Rxeb hvcb Kiv I mZ¨ ag© m¤ú‡K© Rvbv
gvby‡li Rb¨ AZ¨šZ Ri“ix | †Kbbv, KyiAvb n‡jv
mªóvi KvQ †_‡K Avmv gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ P~ovšZ evYx |
hviv GB ai‡bi DbœZ g~~j¨‡ev‡ai AwaKvix n‡q Rxeb

14
14
KvUvq, KyiAv‡b Zuv‡ì m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q : Ò
Zviv Ggb †jvK, hw` Avwg Zv‡ì‡K c„w_ex‡Z cÖwZôv `vb
Kwi Z‡e Zviv mvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki‡e, hvKvZ †`‡e Ges †bK
Kv‡Ri cwiYvg †Zv Avj−vniB nv‡Z Ó ( myiv n¾, 22: 41 )
Avj−vn Avgv‡ì fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb:
†mB n‡jv gymjgvb †h Avj−vnÕi Av‡`‡ki cÖwZ AbyMZ;
KyiAv‡bi Av‡`‡ki cªwZ AZ¨šZ mZK© I hZœevb n‡q
Rxeb KvUvq; kvwšZ I H‡Kï cÖwZ j¶¨ iv‡L hv c„w_ex‡K
Av‡iv my›ì K‡i †Zv‡j I DbœwZi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| Zuvi
j¶¨ n‡jv gvbyl‡K my›ì Avi Kj¨v‡Yi c‡_ wb‡q hvIqv|
KyiAvb e‡j, ........Ges Zzwg AbyMÖn K‡iv †hgb Avj−vn
†Zvgvi cÖwZ AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb Ges c„w_ex‡Z AkvwšZ m„wó
Ki‡Z B”Qv K‡iv bv| wbðq Avj−vn AkvwšZ m„wóKvix‡ì
fvjev‡mb bv ( myiv Kvmvm, 28: 77)|
‡KD hw` Avj−vnÕi mš‘wó AR©‡bi I †e‡nkZ jv‡fi
D‡Ï‡k¨ Bmjvgx Av`k©‡K MÖnY K‡i, Zvn‡j †m Aek¨B
Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ D‡`¨vMx n‡e| Avi hZw`b †m GB `ywbqvq
†eu‡P _vK‡e ZZw`b Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q Aby‡gvw`Z
bxwZgvjv‡KB MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| GB bxwZgvjvi ¯úó
cÖKvk N‡U mnvbyf~wZ , `qv, b¨vq-wePvi , mZZv , ¶gv ,
gvbeZv âh© I Z¨v†M | †h wek¦vmx †m gvby‡li mv‡_ fvj
eënvi K‡i| fvj KvR Kivi †Póv K‡i Ges wb‡Ri
Pvicv‡k Kj¨vY Qwo‡q †`q|
KyiAv‡b Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb : Ò Avwg Ah_v m„wó Kwi wb
Avmgvb I c„w_ex Ges GB `yB‡qi g‡a¨ hv Av‡Q Zv| Avi
Aek¨B wKqvgZ Avm‡e| Zzwg cig †mŠR‡bï mv‡_
Zv‡ì‡K ¶gv Ki Ó(myiv wnRi, 15:85)Õ|
Ô...... Avi fvj eënvi K‡iv wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ ,
AvZœxq-¯^R‡bi mv‡_, BqvZxg‡ì mv‡_, wgmKxb‡ì mv‡_,
wbKU-cÖwZ‡ekx I `~i-cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì mv‡_, m½x-mv_x I
c_Pvixi mv‡_ Ges †Zvgv‡ì AwaKv‡i _vKv `vm-`vmx‡ì
mv‡_| wbðqB Avj−vn cQ›` K‡ib bv `vw¤¢K , AnsKvix
e¨w³‡K ( myiv wbmv, 4: 36 )|

15
15
Ô ..... †Zvgiv G‡K Ab¨‡K †bK Kv‡R Ges AvZœmsh‡g
mvnvh¨ Ki‡e, wKš‘ cvc KvR I mxgv jsN‡bi e¨cv‡i
G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e bv| Avj−vn‡K fq K‡iv|
wbðqB Avj−vn kvw¯Z `v‡b K‡Vvi | ( myiv gvwq`v, 5:2)
GB me AvqvZ¸wj‡Z ®úó †evSv hv‡”Q †h, Avj−vn Pvb
hviv Zuv‡K wek¦vm K‡i Zuviv Aek¨B gvby‡li mv‡_ fvj
e¨envi Ki‡e ; G‡K Ab¨‡K Kj¨v‡Yi c‡_ mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡e Avi cvc KvR‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡e| cweÎ KyiAv‡bi
myiv AvbÕAv‡gi 160 bs Avqv‡Z Avj−vn K_v w`‡q‡Qb, Ô
‡h GKwU †bK KvR Ki‡e †m Zvi `k ¸Y cv‡e Ges †h
GKwU g›` KvR Ki‡e Zv‡K ïay †mB Kv‡Ri cwigvYB
cÖwZdj †`qv n‡e| Avi Zv‡`i Dci Ryjyg Kiv n‡e bv|
( 6: 160 )|
Avj−vn Zuvi cweÎ wKZv‡e e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔ wZwb gvby‡li
g‡bi ‡Mvcb K_v Rv‡bb ; Ges wZwb gvbyl‡K mZK© K‡i
e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔ me kqZvbx KvR‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Z ÕÕ | †mRb¨
†h gymjgvb ( Avj−vnÕi B”Qvi Kv‡Q AvZœmgc©YKvix ) ,
†m Aek¨B mš¿v‡mi wei“‡× wb‡Ri m‡e©v”P kw³ w`‡q
msMÖvg Ki‡e|
GKRb gymwjg Zuvi Pvicv‡k Kx NU‡Q , †m e¨cv‡i wbwe©Kvi
_vK‡Z cv‡i bv| GKB mv‡_ Zuvi GB ai‡Yi g‡bvfveI
_vK‡Z cv‡i bv †h, hZ¶Y ch©šZ Avgvi †Kvb ¶wZ
n‡”Q bv , ZZ¶Y †Kvb wKQy‡ZB wKQy hvq Av‡m bv| Gi
KviY, †m wb‡R‡K Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q AvZœmgc©Y K‡i‡Q| ZvB
†m n‡”Q Avj−vnÕi cÖwZwbwa; Kj¨v‡Yi c‡_i wb‡ew`ZcÖvY
`~Z|
GB Kvi‡Y †m wbôziZv Avi mš¿v‡mi †Pnviv †`‡L Pzc K‡i
_vK‡Z cv‡i bv| †h mš¿vm wbiciva gvbyl‡K †g‡i ‡d‡j ,
gymjgvbiv n‡jv †mB mš¿v‡mi me‡P‡q eo kÎ“| Bmjvg
me ai‡Yi mš¿vmx Kv‡Ri we‡ivax ; ïi“ †_‡KB ZvB
Bmjvg mš¿vm‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q | Bmjvg
gvby‡li g‡a¨ kvwšZ cÖwZôvi `vex Rvbvq Avi b¨vq
wePvi cÖwZôv K‡i| Bmjvg gvbyl‡K Av‡`k K‡i gZ‡f`,
hy× Avi cvc †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z|
Avj−vn b¨vq AvPi‡Yi Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb:

16
16
Avj−vn KyiAv‡b gvbyl‡K Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb b¨vq AvPiY
Ki‡Z ; gvby‡l gvby‡l †Kvb cv_©K¨ bv Ki‡Z Ges gvby‡li
AwaKvi i¶v Ki‡Z| GKRb gymjgvb †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB
AZ¨vPvi Ki‡e bv Ges AZ¨vPvixi wei“‡× AZ¨vPvwi‡Zi
c¶ Aej¤^b Ki‡e Ges Amnvq‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
‡Kvb gZ‡f` `~i Ki‡Z hLb wm×všZ †bqv nq , ZLb GKwU
NUbvi me w`K wePvi-we‡k−lY Ki‡Z n‡e; †h †Kvb
ai‡Yi c¶cvZ ev we‡Øl‡K `~‡i †i‡L e¯ËwbôZv,
AKcUZv , âh©, ¶gvkxjZv I `qvi cwiPq w`‡q
`yÕc‡¶iB AwaKvi i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e---GUvB b¨vq wePv‡ii
`vex|hw` †KD mshZfv‡e GKwU NUbvi g~j¨vqb bv K‡ib
Ges Av‡eMZvwoZ nb , Zvn‡j wZwb mwVK wm×všZ wb‡Z
e¨_© n‡eb Ges c~e© aviYvi ekeZ©x _vK‡eb|
b¨vqwePviK‡K e¨w³MZ Av‡eM I gZvgZ‡K GKcv‡k mwi‡q
ivL‡Z n‡e| Zuv‡K me c‡¶i mv‡_ b¨vqm½Z AvPiY Ki‡Z
n‡e | wePvi Kivi mgq †h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ‡h mwVK
Zvi c¶ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB m‡Zï
c_ †_‡K `~‡i m‡i hvIqv hv‡e bv|
GKRb gvbyl‡K KyiAv‡bi g~j¨‡eva‡K Ggbfv‡e AvZœ¯’
Ki‡Z n‡e ; hv‡Z e¨w³¯^v‡_©i D‡aŸ©© D‡V wZwb Ab¨ c‡¶i
¯^v_© i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges b¨vq-wePvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
G‡Z Zuvi wb‡Ri ¯^v‡_©i ¶wZI hw` nq †Zv †nvK|
Avj−vn myiv gvwq`vq Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb , Ô .....Avi hw`
wePvi dqmvjvB K‡iv Z‡e Zv‡ì g‡a¨ b¨vqfv‡e wePvi
Ki‡e (5:42)| Õ myiv wbmvq Avj−vn wek¦vmx‡ì ûKzg
K‡i‡Qb b¨vq wePvi Ki‡Z hwÌ Zv wb‡R‡ì wei“‡× hvq-
- Ô I‡n hviv Cgvb G‡bQ| †Zvgiv b¨vqwePv‡i `„p
cÖwZwôZ _vK‡e Avj−vnÕi mv¶x wnmv‡e hwÌ Zv †Zvgv‡ì
wb‡R‡ì wKsev wcZv-gvZv I AvZœxq¯^R‡bi wei“‡× nq;
AZGe b¨vqwePvi Ki‡Z wM‡q †Zvgiv Kvgbv-evmbvi
AbymiY K‡iv bv| Avi hw` †Zvgiv Nywi‡q-†cuwP‡q K_v
ej A_ev cvk KvwU‡q hvI Z‡e †R‡b ‡iL , wbðqB
Avj−vn †Zvgiv hv Ki Zvi cwic~Y© Lei iv‡Lb| ( myiv
wbmv, 4:135)|

17
17
KyiAv‡b Avj−vn b¨vq- wePv‡ii we¯ZvwiZ eY©bv
w`‡q‡Qb| wek¦vmx‡ì Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb wKfv‡e wewfbœ
NUbv ev cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡e Ges ZL‡bv
b¨vq-bxwZ wKfv‡e eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
GB ai‡bi bxwZ-wb‡`©kbv wek¦vmx‡ì Rb¨ cig ¯^w¯Zi
e¨vcvi Ges Avj−vnÕi Zid GUv GKUv eo AbyMÖn| GRb¨
hviv wek¦vmx Zviv wbi‡c¶fv‡e mywePvi Ki‡e hv‡Z
Avj−vnÕi Aby‡gv`b jvf Kiv hvq ; GKB mv‡_ kvwšZ I
wbivcËvi g‡a¨ evm Kiv hvq|
Avj−vn cweÎ KyiAv‡b †h b¨vq-wePv‡ii Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb
Zv mevi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| †Kvb wbw`©ó fvlvi, RvwZi ev
`‡ji Rb¨ Avjv`v †Kvb we‡kl myweav †bB| KyiAv‡bi
b¨vq wePvi †`k , Kvj ev gvbyl †f‡` c¶cvwZZ¡ K‡i bv|
eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi cÖvq me RvqMv‡ZB AmsL¨ gvbyl eY©ev`
ev RvwZMZ mgm¨vq AwePvi I wbôziZvi wkKvi
n‡”Q|Avj−vn KyiAv‡b Avgv‡ì Rvwb‡q‡Qb, wewfbœ eY© I
RvwZi m„wói ‡cQ‡b D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †hb gvbyl Ô G‡K
Ab¨‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡i| Õ wewfbœ RvwZi me gvby‡livB
Avj−vnÕi ev›`v| Zuv‡ì DwPZ G‡K Ab¨‡K †evSvi †Póv
Kiv| †mRb¨ wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZ, fvlv, HwZn¨ I Zv‡ì
Kg©`¶Zv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e| ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq, wewfbœ
RvwZ I e‡Y©i gvbyl m„wói †cQ‡b mªóvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv
bvbv ms¯‹…wZi wgjb‡gjv NUv‡bv ----gZ‡f` Avi hy×
bq|m„wói GB ‰ewPÎ¨ n‡jv Avj−vnÕi AK…cY `vb| †KD
Kv‡iv †_‡K j¤^v n‡j ev Kv‡iv Mv‡qi is dm©v n‡j
†mUv Zv‡K A‡bï †_‡K †kªôZ¡ `vb K‡i bv| Avevi
†Pnviv wb‡q jw¾Z nIqviI wKQy †bB | Avj−vn
cwiKíbv K‡iB m„wó‡Z êwPÎ¨ w`‡q‡Qb; hvi d‡j
e¨w³‡f‡` gvby‡li e¨w³Z¡ I êwkó¨ wfbœ nq| wKš‘
Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q GB evwn¨K êwkó¨¸‡jvi †Kvb M~i“Z¡
†bB| wek¦vmx gvÎB Rv‡bb, Ab¨ gvby‡li Zzjbvq †kªô
n‡Z n‡j Avj−vn fxi“Zvq †kªôZ¡ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
GB welqwU KyiAv‡bi 49 bs myivq eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q
Gfv‡e: Ò†n gvbyl ; Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K m„wó K‡iwQ GKRb
cyi“l I GKRb ¯¿x †_‡K Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K cwiYZ K‡iwQ
wewfbœ RvwZ‡Z I wewfbœ †Mv‡Î , hv‡Z †Zvgiv ci¯úi‡K
wPb‡Z cvi| wbðqB Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨
me‡P‡q †ekx gh©v`vevb †mB e¨w³ , †h †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨
me‡P‡q †ekx ag©fxi“ | wbðqB Avj−vn me Rv‡bb ,
mewKQyi Lei iv‡LbÓ (myiv ûRyivZ, 49:13 )|

18
18
Avj−vn †mB b¨vq-wePv‡ii cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb hv mgZv,
âh© Ges kvwšZc~Y©fv‡e Kiv nq| wePvicÖv_©x Kv‡iv mv‡_B
†Kvb êlg¨ Kiv nq bv|
‡Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi wei“‡× N„Yvi g‡bvfve wek¦vmx‡K
b¨vqwePvi Kiv †_‡K weiZ iv‡L bv:-
ivM I N„Yv gvbyl‡K mwVK wPšZv I AvPiY Ki‡Z Ges
mwVK wm×vš— wb‡Z euvav †`q| ZvB GB `yBwU Av‡eM
Aïf Kv‡Ri Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| ivM I we‡Ø‡li Øviv
cÖfvweZ n‡q gvbyl gvby‡li mv‡_ AwePvi K‡i ; hvi d‡j
ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ m„wó nq kÎ“Zv|
Zviv gvbyl‡K Ggb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †`vlx K‡i †h Aciva
Avm‡j Zviv KL‡bvB K‡i wb; KL‡bv Ab¨ gvby‡li wei“‡×
Zviv wg_¨v mv¶¨ †`q hwÌ Rv‡b †h Zviv wbiciva|
Gme kÎ“Zvi Kvi‡Y gvbyl‡K Amn¨ hš¿Yv I wbcxob mn¨
Ki‡Z nq|
hv‡ì mv‡_ my-m¤úK© †bB, Zv‡ì c‡¶ mZ¨ mv¶¨
†`qvUv wKQy gvbyl Gwo‡q hvq| hwÌ Zviv Rv‡b †h
Giv wb‡`©vl| Ggb wK, Zv‡ì wb‡`©vl nIqvi cÖgvYI
Zviv †Mvcb iv‡L| me‡P‡q eo K_v, wbiciva gvby‡li
`y:L I AwePv‡ii wkKvi nIqv †`‡L Giv Avbw›`Z
nq|Zv‡ì me‡P‡q eo fq GUvB †h, GB wbicivaiv †h
wb‡`©vl GUv †hb cÖgvwYZ bv nq ; Giv Pvq , wbiciva hv‡Z
b¨vq wePvi bv cvq|Gme Kvi‡Y , GB Aïf kw³i mgv‡R
G‡K Ab¨‡K wek¦vm KivUv Lye KwVb| gvbyl fq cvq †h
, Zviv †h †Kvb mg‡q wec‡` co‡Z cv‡i| cvi¯úwiK
wek¦vm bó n‡q hvIqvq ax‡i ax‡i Zviv wewfbœ gvbweK
¸Yvejx †hgb âh© , mnvbyf~wZ , åvZ…Z¡‡eva I
mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges G‡K Ab¨‡K N„Yv
Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
hvB †nvK&, †Kvb e¨w³ ev †Mvôxi wei“‡× g‡bvfve †hgbB
_vKzK , GKRb Avj−vnfxi“ gvby‡li wm×všZ‡K Zv cÖfvweZ

19
19
Ki‡e bv| Awfhy³ e¨w³‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q hZB A‰bwZK ev
kÎ“fvevcbœ gvbwmKZvi g‡b †nvK& bv †Kb, wek¦vmx e¨w³
wePvi Kivi mgq GB me c~e© aviYv¸wj‡K GKcv‡k
mwi‡q ivL‡e| Gici †m b¨vqm½Zfv‡e wm×všZ †b‡e
I hv bvh¨ Zv mycvwik Ki‡e| Awfhy³ e¨w³i cÖwZ weiƒc
g‡bvfve Zvi wePvi- eyw× I we‡ePbv†eva‡K cÖfvweZ
Ki‡e bv|
Zuvi we‡eK Zv‡K memgq mg_©b Rvbv‡e Avj−vnÕi
Av‡`k I Dc‡`k †g‡b Pj‡Z| KL‡bvB fvj eënvi
Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv, Avj−vn KyiAv‡b
GB Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb | myiv gvwq`vq ejv n‡q‡Q : ÔÔ I‡n
hviv Cgvb G‡bQ| †Zvgiv AwePj _vK‡e Avj−vnÕi D‡Ï‡k¨
b¨vq mv¶¨ `v‡bi e¨cv‡i ; Ges †Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi kÎ“Zv
†hb †Zvgv‡ì KLbI cÖ‡ivwPZ bv K‡i b¨vqwePvi eR©b
Ki‡Z| b¨vqwePvi Ki‡e| b¨vqwePvi KivB ZvKIqvi
wbKUZg| Avj−vn‡K fq Ki‡e| wbðqB Avj−vn Rv‡bb hv
†Zvgiv K‡iv|ÕÕ ( myiv gvwq`v, 5:8)|GB AvqvZ Abyhvqx ,
b¨vqwePvi Ki‡Z gvbyl ZLbB ivRx _v‡K hLb Zuvi g‡b
Avj−vnÕi fq KvR K‡i| GKRb ag©wek¦vmx gvbyl Rv‡b
†h, †m ZLbB Avj−vnÕi mš‘wó AR©b Ki‡e hLb †m
mevi mv‡_ b¨vq AvPiY Ki‡e| hviv GB ai‡Yi gvbyl‡ì
b¨vqm½Z AvPiY j¶¨ Ki‡e Zviv ZLb Zv‡K wek¦vm
Ki‡e| Zv‡ì Dcw¯’wZ‡Z wbwðZ ‡eva Ki‡e Ges wek¦vm
K‡i Zuv‡ì Dci †h †Kvb `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z cvi‡e| GB
ai‡bi gvbyl‡ì GgbwK Zuv‡ì kÎ“ivI kª×vi †Pv‡L
†`‡L| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i, wKQy gvbyl GB ai‡Yi ag©fxi“
gvby‡li DËg gb-gvbwmKZv I mØënvi †`‡L mªóv‡K
wek¦vm Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡e|
Bmjvg wPš—vi ¯^vaxbZvq wek¦vm K‡i:
Bmjvg ag© ¯^vaxb wPš—v-fvebv Avi gy³ Rxe‡bi
wbðqZv †`q| gvbyl‡K gvbwmK Pvc, SMov , Acev` ,
Ggb wK †bwZevPK wPš—v †_‡KI i¶v Ki‡Z ZvB Bmjvg
wKQy w`K-wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Q|

20
20
Bmjvg mš¿vm I me ai‡bi msNl©c~Y© Kv‡Ri
we‡ivax | Bmjvg gvby‡li Dci †Rvi K‡i †Kvb Av`k© ev
aviYv‡K Pvwc‡q w`‡Z wb‡la K‡i; Kv‡iv Dci mvgvb¨Zg
†Rvi LvUv‡bv hv‡e bv| Ô `x‡bi e¨cv‡i †Kvb †Rvi-
Rei`w¯Z †bB| wbðqB mwVK c_ my¯úó n‡q wM‡q‡Q fyj
c_ †_‡K.... ( myiv evKviv, 2: 256 )|
Ô AZGe Dc‡`k w`‡Z _v‡Kv , Zzwg †Zv GKRb
Dc‡`k`vZv gvÎ| Zzwg I‡ì wbqš¿K bI Õ( myiv Mvwkqv ,
88: 21-22)|
gvbyl‡K †Rvi K‡i †Kvb a‡g© wek¦vm Kiv‡bvUv Bmjv‡gi
g~j †PZbv I wbh©v‡mi we‡ivax| †Kbbv, Bmjv‡g ejv
n‡q‡Q, mwZ¨Kv‡ii wek¦vm Av‡m ¯^vaxb wPšZv I fvj-
g›` wePvi Kivi ¶gZv †_‡K|
Aek¨B gymjgvbiv Dc‡`k w`‡Z cvi‡e Ges Ab¨‡K mg_©b
†RvMv‡e Bmjv‡gi bxwZgvjvi e¨cv‡i| wek¦vmx gv‡ÎiB
`vwqZ¡ n‡jv my›ìfv‡e KyiAv‡bi evYx Rvbv‡bv| Zuviv
a‡g©i †mŠ›`h©‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡e KyiAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K
----ÔZzwg Avnevb K‡iv gvbyl‡K ‡Zvgvi i‡ei c‡_i
w`‡K Ávb I fvj Dc‡`k w`‡q Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_
my›ìfv‡e weZK© K‡iv...... ( myiv bvnj , 16: 125)|
Zviv KyiAv‡bi GB AvqvZ‡KI we‡ePbvq ivL‡e †h ,
Ô......Zuv‡ì fvj c‡_ Avbvi evaëvaKZv †Zvgvi bq;
eis Avj−vn hv‡K Pvb Zv‡K fvj c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡ib
( myiv evKviv, 2: 272 )|
Zviv KL‡bvB †Kvb iK‡gi †Rvi-Rei`w¯Z --kvixwiK
ev gvbwmK Pvc cÖ‡qvM BZ¨vw` †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡e
bv| ïaygvÎ êlwqK †jvf †`wL‡q KvD‡K a‡g©i c‡_
Uvbvi †PóvI Zviv Ki‡e bv| hw` †KD ‡bwZevPK DËi
†`q , Zvn‡j gymjgvb KyiAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K
ej‡e, .......†Zvgv‡ì ag© †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q, Avgvi ag©
Avgvi Kv‡Q ( myiv Kvwdi“b , 109:6 )|
Avgiv Ggb GK c„w_ex‡Z evm Kwi †hLv‡b me wek¦v‡mi
gvby‡livB evm K‡i| ‡hgb, L„÷vb , Bqvn~`x , †eŠ× ,
wn›`y , mªóvq Awek¦vmx, mªóvq wek¦vmx wKš‘ Avmgvbx
wKZv‡e Awek¦vmx , ¯’vbxq gvbyl hviv nq‡Zv †Kvb a‡g©B
wek¦vmx bq A_ev wbR¯^ †Kvb ag©xq a¨vb-aviYvq
wek¦vm K‡i |

21
21
gymjgvbiv Ggb GK c„w_ex‡Z evm Kivi mgq Aek¨B me
a‡g©i cÖwZ mnbkxj n‡e| ag© wek¦vm hv‡ì †hgbB †nvK
Zv‡ì mv‡_ ¶gvkxj , b¨vqm½Z I gvbweK AvPiY
Ki‡e| wek¦vmx‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv a‡g©i †mŠ›`‡h©i w`‡K
gvbyl‡K `vIqvZ †`qv| Avj−vnÕi c‡_ gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb
Ki‡Z n‡e ‰ah© mnKv‡i I kvwšZc~Y©fv‡e| GB wek¦vm‡K
MÖnY Kiv n‡e wKbv , GB ag© wek¦vm‡K wb‡Ri Rxe‡b
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e wK bv, GB wm×všZ ‡b‡e Ab¨ c¶| †Kvb
gvbyl‡K Bmjvg a‡g© wek¦vm Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv hv‡e bv; Zvi
Dci †Rvi LvUv‡bv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv, GUv KyiAv‡bi
bxwZgvjv f½ K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ , Avj−vn KyiAv‡b
wek¦vmx‡ì g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb, Ô Avi †Zvgvi ie hw`
PvB‡Zb , Z‡e c„w_ex‡Z hviv Av‡Q Zviv mevB
mg‡eZfv‡e Cgvb Avb‡Zv| Z‡e wK Zzwg gvby‡li Dci
Rei`w¯Z Ki‡e hv‡Z Zviv gyÕwgb n‡q hvq ? ( myiv
BDbym, 10: 99)
Ô Zviv hv e‡j Zv Avwg Lye Rvwb| Avi Zzwg Zv‡ì
Dci ej cÖ‡qvMKvix bI| AZGe Zzwg KyiAv‡bi
mvnv‡h¨ Dc‡`k w`‡Z _v‡Kv Zv‡K , †h Avgvi Avhv‡ei
mZK© evYx‡K fq K‡i ( myiv Kvd, 50: 45 )|
gvbyl‡K Avj−vnÕi Bev`Z Kivi Rb¨ †Rvi-Rei`w¯Z
Kiv hv‡e bv| GUv Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k©i we‡ivax| mªóvq
wek¦vm I Zuvi Bev`Z Kiv ---Gme g~j¨‡eva Av‡m
e¨w³i wb‡Ri B”Qv †_‡K| hw` ‡Kvb wbqg Pvjy K‡i
gvby‡li Dci †Rvi K‡i †Kvb ag© wek¦vm I Dcvmbv c×wZ
Pvwc‡q †`qv nq , Zvn‡j gvbyl Ô avwg©K Õ n‡e ïaygvÎ H
wbq‡gi Kvi‡Y fq †c‡q | wKš‘ ag©xq w`K †_‡K
M~i“Z¡c~Y© n‡jv mªóvi mš‘wó jv‡fi Rb¨B gvbyl ag©
cvjb Ki‡e| GB wm×všZ gvbyl GKwU gy³ mgv‡R †_‡K
wb‡Ri ¯^vaxb wePvi-eyw× cÖ‡qvM K‡i †¯^”Qvq †b‡e|
Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m AmsL¨ D`vniY i‡q‡Q †h, gymwjg
kvmKiv Ab¨ a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ AZ¨šZ mnbkxj
AvPiY K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì‡K ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
fviZ miKv‡ii Aax‡b Kg©iZ GKRb weªwUk wgkbvix
Ugvm Avb©ì Bmjv‡gi ¯^vaxbZv welqwU wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb
: Ô...wKš‘ Agymwjg RbM‡Yi Dci mymsMwVZfv‡e Bmjvg
ag© †Rvi K‡i Pvwc‡q †`qv ev wbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e wbh©vZb
K‡i L„÷ ag©‡K D‡”Q` Kiv -----G ai‡bi †Kvb wKQy
Avgiv ïwb bv| gymjgvb Lwjdviv hw` Gi †h †Kvb GKwU

22
22
Dcvq †e‡Q wb‡Zb , Zvn‡j Zviv nq‡Zv L„÷ ag©‡K
m¤ú~Y©B D‡”Q` Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| †hgbwU D‡”Q` K‡iwQj
dvY©v‡bÛ I Bmv‡ejv †¯úb †_‡K Bmjvg‡K, †lvok jyB
dªvÝ †_‡K †cÖv‡U÷vb ag©‡K Ges Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K Bqvn~`xiv
mv‡o wZbkZ eQi †hfv‡e wbe©vwmZ wQj|
ag©xq gZ‡f‡ì Kvi‡Y Gwkqvi c~e© ‡`kxq wMR©v¸‡jv
c„w_exi Ab¨ GjvKvi me wMR©v †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ
wQj| GgbwK mvgvb¨ K_v ejvi g‡Zv mym¤úK©I wQj bv
G‡ì g‡a¨| Giv †Kvb wec‡` co‡j Abïv AvOyj Zz‡jI
mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zv bv †Kbbv Zviv g‡b Ki‡Zv GB wMR©v¸wj
cÖPwjZ L„÷g‡Zi we‡ivax| ZvB cÖv‡Pï wMR©v¸wji ‡mB
Avgj †_‡K GL‡bv wU‡K _vKvB gymwjg kvmK‡ì
mnbkxjZvi †Rviv‡jv cÖgvY ( UxKv 1) |
Avj−vn wbiciva gvbyl‡K nZ¨v wbwl× K‡i‡Qb:
h_v_© KviY Qvov gvbyl nZ¨v n‡jv Bmjv‡g Ab¨Zg eo
cvc| KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q , Ô....‡KD KvD‡K cÖv‡Yi
wewbg‡q cÖvY wKsev `ywbqvq AkvwšZ m„wó Kivi KviY
Qvov nZ¨v Ki‡j †m †hb `ywbqvq me gvbyl‡KB nZ¨v
Ki‡jv ; Avi †h †KD Kv‡iv Rxeb i¶v Ki‡jv , †m †hb
mKj gvby‡li Rxeb i¶v Ki‡jv| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †Zv
G‡mwQj Avgvi A‡bK ivmyj ¯úó cÖgvY wb‡q| wKš‘
GiciI Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB `ywbqvq mxgv jsNbKvixB i‡q
†Mj ( myiv gvwq`v, 5: 32 ) |
Ô Avi Zviv Avj−vnÕi mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡mï Bev`Z
K‡i bv; Avj−vn hvi nZ¨v nvivg K‡i‡Qb m½Z KviY
Qvov Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i bv Ges e¨wfPvi K‡i bv| Avi †h
Ggb Ki‡e †m †Zv KwVb Avhv‡ei gy‡LvgywL n‡eB ( myiv
dziKvb, 25:68 )|
KyiAv‡b cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, †h e¨w³ h_vh_ KviY
Qvov wbixn gvbyl‡K Lyb K‡i, Zvi Rb¨ hš¿Yv`vqK kvw¯Z
A‡c¶v Ki‡Q| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Ggb wK gvÎ
GKRb wbiciva‡K Lyb Kivi A_© n‡jv †hb c„w_exi
me gvbyl‡KB †g‡i †djvi gZ cvc Kiv| ZvB , ‡h
gvbyl Avj−vnÕi †`qv mxgv‡iLv †g‡b P‡j , †m KL‡bvB

23
23
GKRb gvby‡liB †Kvb ¶wZ Ki‡e bv-- Avi nvRvi
nvRvi wbiciva gvbyl‡K †ec‡ivqvfv‡e nZ¨v Kivi †Zv
†Kvb cÖkœB DV‡Z cv‡i bv|
hviv g‡b K‡i - mywePvi n‡e bv Ges ‡Kvb kvw¯ZI
†c‡Z n‡e bv , Zviv KL‡bvB mdjKvg n‡e bv| †Kbbv,
GKw`b Avj−vnÕi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Aek¨B Zuv‡ì‡K me
AcK‡g©i Rb¨ `vqx n‡Z n‡e| GB Kvi‡b hviv wek¦vmx ,
hviv Rv‡b †h g„Zyï c‡i GKw`b me Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqe×
n‡Z n‡e, Zviv Avj−vnÕi †`qv mxgv‡iLv †g‡b Pj‡Z
AwZwi³ hZœevb nq|
Avj−vn wek¦vmx‡ì mnvbyfywZkxj I ¶gvkxj n‡Z Av‡`k
K‡i‡Qb:
cweÎ KyiAv‡bi 90 bs myivi `yBwU Avqv‡Z Bmjv‡gi
bxwZgvjvi eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q : ÒAZ:ci †m Zv‡ì `‡j
Av‡m hviv Cgvb Av‡b, Ges G‡K Ab¨‡K Dc‡`k †`q
âh© ai‡Z Ges Dc‡`k †`q `qvgvqvi| GivB Wvb
w`‡Ki †mŠfvM¨kvjx Ó ( myiv evjv`, 90:17-18)| AvqvZ
`yBwU‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †Kvb ¸Yvejxi wfwË‡Z †Kqvg‡Zi w`b
GKRb wek¦vmx wb‡R‡K †`vh‡Li Av¸b †_‡K euvPv‡Z
cvi‡e Ges †e‡nk‡Z hvIqvi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e |
Giv n‡”Q ZvivB hviv Ô ci¯úi‡K Dc‡`k †`q âh©
avi‡Yi Ges Dc‡`k †`q `qvgvqvi Õ |
Avj−vnÕi cÖwZ fvjevmv †_‡KB Ab¨ gvby‡li cÖwZ
mnvbyfywZ Av‡m| mªóvi cÖwZ fvjevmv mªóvi m„wó‡K
†ekx K‡i fvjevm‡Z †kLvq| †h mªóv‡K fvjev‡m , †m
mªóvi m„wói mv‡_ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM I Mfxi ˆbKU¨
Ab~fe K‡i|
GB `„p fvjevmv I ˆbKU¨ hv †m wb‡Ri g‡bi Mfx‡i
Ab~fe K‡i †mB mªóvi cÖwZ, whwb Zv‡K I cy‡iv
gvbeRvwZ‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| GB Abyf~wZ Zv‡K my›ì
‰bwZK AvPi‡Y DØy× K‡i - hvi Av‡`k KyiAv‡b †`qv
n‡q‡Q| GB ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai g‡a¨ evm Kivq Zvi c‡¶
m¤¢e nq gvby‡li cÖwZ mwZ¨Kv‡ii mnvbyfywZkxj nIqv|
GB ˆbwZK Av`k© n‡jv Z¨vM, mgvbyf~wZ I fvjevmvq
cwic~Y©|

24
24
Gi eY©bv cweÎ KyiAv‡b †`qv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e : ÒAvi
†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv gh©v`v I cvw_©e Hk¦‡h©i AwaKvix ,
Zviv †hb Kmg K‡i bv e‡m †h, Zviv AvZœxq-¯^Rb‡K ,
Mixe-wgmwKb‡K Ges Avj−vnÕi iv¯Zvq wnRiZKvix‡ì‡K
`vb Ki‡e bv; Zviv †hb Zv‡ì‡K ¶gv K‡i †`q Ges
Zv‡ì †`vl D‡c¶v K‡i| †Zvgiv wK PvI bv †h , Avj−vn
†Zvgv‡ì‡K ¶gv K‡ib ? Avi Avj−vn †Zv cig ¶gvkxj
, cig `qvjy Ó ( myiv b~i , 24: 22)|
ÒAvi Zv‡ìI nK i‡q‡Q G m¤ú‡` , hviv gynvwRi‡ì
Avmvi Av‡M g`xbvq emevm Ki‡Q Ges Cgvb G‡b‡Q, Zviv
gynvwRi‡`‡K fvjev‡m Ges gynvwRi‡ì‡K hv †`qv n‡q‡Q
, Zvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì g‡b Zviv wnsmv †cvlY K‡i bv|
Avi wb‡Riv Afvex n‡jI Zv‡`‡K wb‡R‡ì Dci
AMÖvwaKvi `vb K‡i| Avi hviv g‡bi Kvc©Y¨ †_‡K gy³
_vK‡Z †c‡i‡Q ZuvivB cÖK…Z mdjKvg Ó ( myiv nvki ,
59: 9)|
Ò........ Ges hviv Zv‡ì‡K Avkªq `vb K‡i‡Q I mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Q ZvivB mwZ¨Kvi gywgb| Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q ¶gv I
m¤§vbRbK RxweKvÓ ( myiv Avbdvj , 8: 74 )|
Ô....... Avi fvj eënvi K‡iv wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ ,
AvZœxq-¯^R‡bi mv‡_ , BqvZxg‡ì mv‡_ , wgmKxb‡ì
mv‡_ , wbKU-cÖwZ‡ekx I `~i-cÖwZ‡ekxi mv‡_ , m½x-
mv_x I c_Pvixi mv‡_ Ges †Zvgv‡ì AwaKvify³ `vm-
`vmx‡ì mv‡_| wbðqB Avj−vn cQ›` K‡ib bv `vw¤¢K ,
AnsKvix gvbyl‡K Õ ( myiv wbmv, 4: 36)|
Ô hvKvZ †Zv ïay Zv‡ì nK hviv Mixe, wgmKxb , hviv
hvKvZ Av`v‡qi Kv‡R wbhy³ , hv‡ì wPË AvKl©Y cÖ‡qvRb
, Ges `vm gyw³i Rb¨ , FYMÖ¯Z‡ì Rb¨ , Avj−vnÕi c‡_
(msMÖvgKvix‡ì Rb¨ ) Ges gymvwdi‡ì Rb¨ ---- GUv
Avj−vnÕi wba©vwiZ weavb| Avj−vn me wKQyB Rv‡bb, wZwb
Ávbx ( myiv ZIev, 9: 60 )|
cweÎ KyiAv‡b †h DbœZ ˆbwZKZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, †mUv
wek¦vmx‡ì KvQ †_‡KB `vex Kiv nq| GB DbœZ Pwi‡Îi
cÖavb Aej¤^b n‡jv Avj−vnÕi cÖwZ Mfxi fvjevmv| mªóvi
Kv‡Q wek¦vmx‡ì GB cwic~Y© AvZœmgc©‡Yi Rb¨
Zuv‡ì‡K abëv`; GB ag©fxi“iv KyiAv‡bi †h †Kvb

25
25
ˆbwZK Dc‡`k Zv hZ mvgvb¨B g‡b †nvK bv †Kb ,
Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z AwZwi³ hZœevb|
wek¦vmxiv gvby‡li cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj I wec‡` mvnv‡hï
nvZ evovq ; wKš‘ Gi wewbg‡q Zuviv Pvq bv †h gvbyl Zuv‡ì
cÖwZ K…ZÁZvi Rv‡j AvUKv _vKzK| Zuviv Ggb wK mvgvb¨
abëvÌ Avkv K‡i bv| KviY, Zuviv †h fvj KvR K‡i,
Zvi j¶¨ n‡jv Avj−vnÕi cwic~Y© mš‘wó AR©b| Zuviv
Rv‡b †h, wKqvg‡Zi w`b me Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q
`vqe× _vK‡Z n‡e|
Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, hviv †R‡bï‡b KyiAv‡bi Av`k©‡K
cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i, †`vhL n‡jv Zv‡ì Rb¨B| ÔÔ †Zvgv‡ì
wK‡m †`vh‡L †d‡j‡Q ? Iiv ej‡e , Avgiv gymj−x
(mvjvZ Av`vqKvix ) wQjvg bv| Avgiv Mixe‡K Lvevi w`Zvg
bvÕÕ ( myiv gy`vmwmi , 74: 42-44) |
Ô ....'a†iv I‡K , Mjvq †ewo jvMvI , Ges wb‡¶c K‡iv
Rvnvbœv‡g; Avevi Zv‡K k„sLwjZ K‡iv mËi nvZ `xN©
euva‡b , †m gnvb Avj−vn‡Z wek¦vmx wQj bv ; Avi
Mixe‡K Lvevi ‡`qvi Rb¨ Ab¨‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Zv bv
( myiv nvKKvn, 69:30-34)
Ô Zzwg wK †`‡L‡Qv Zv‡K , †h `xb‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i? †m †Zv
H e¨w³ †h BqvZxg‡K Mjv av°v w`‡q Zvwo‡q †`q , Ges
wgmKxb‡K Lvevi w`‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i bv ( myiv gvDb,
107: 1-3)
Ô...Ges wgmKxb‡K Lvevi w`‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡iv bv ( myiv
dvRi, 89:18)
GB me AvqvZ¸wj‡Z †`Lv hvq, KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q,
gymjgvbiv me‡P‡q †ekx Ki“Yv I mnvbyfywZkxj Pwi‡Îi
AwaKvix| GB me ˆbwZK ¸Yvejx hvi g‡a¨ †bB, Zvi
c‡¶B m¤¢e Amnvq I wbiciva gvby‡li wei“‡× mš¿vm
Kiv| mš¿vmx‡ì PwiÎ n‡jv KyiAv‡b ewY©Z ˆbwZK
Pwi‡Îi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| GKRb mš¿vmx n‡jv wbôzi ,

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26
wbg©g Pwi‡Îi †h c„w_exi w`‡K ZvKvq N„Yv wb‡q Avi
Pvq nZ¨v , aesm Avi i³cvZ|
GKRb gymwjg †h Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k© eo n‡q‡Q , †m
gvby‡li Kv‡Q hvq fvjevmv wb†q| wfbœ gZ‡K †m m¤§vb
K‡i| †hLv‡b gZ‡f`, weev` , D‡ËRbv †mLv‡b †m âh©
I msh‡gi mv‡_ mevi g‡a¨ HK¨ ¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡i|
GB ai‡Yi ag© wek¦vmx‡ì wb‡q †h mgvR M‡o DV‡e , †mwU
Av‡iv A‡bK DbœZ mf¨Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡e| AvR‡Ki
AvaywbK †`k¸wj‡Z †hgbwU †`Lv hvq , Zvi †P‡qI †ekx
DbœZ ˆbwZKZv , HK¨ , b¨vq-wePvi †`Lv hv‡e †mLv‡b|
Avj−vn ¶gv I â‡h©i Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb:
Ô Zywg ¶gvi Af¨vm K‡iv , fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k `vI...Õ
( myiv Avivd , 7: 199)| âh© I ¶gvi GB Av`k©wU
n‡jv Bmjv‡gi Ab¨Zg g~j bxwZ|
Bmjv‡gi GB M~i“Z¡c~Y© bxwZ gymjgvbiv †h Zuv‡ì
Rxe‡b †g‡b P‡j‡Q, Zv BwZnv‡mi w`‡K ZvKv‡j ¯úó
†evSv hvq| gymjgvbiv hLb †hLv‡b wM‡qwQj , mv‡_ K‡i
wb‡q wM‡qwQj gyw³i evZ©v I mnbkxjZv| GB eB‡qi
†k‡li w`‡K G wb‡q we¯ZvwiZ Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q|
gymjgvbiv ïay wbR a‡g©i Abymvix‡ì Rb¨B bq , eis
Ab¨ ag© , gZ, fvlv, GjvKv wbwe©‡k‡l mevi Kv‡Q
Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k©i evYx †cuŠ‡Q w`‡qwQj| d‡j gymwjg
kvmK‡ì mgq wewfbœ g‡Zi gvby‡liv kvwšZ‡Z
wg‡jwg‡k GKmv‡_ _vK‡Z †c‡iwQj|
Zzi‡¯‹ kZ kZ eQi a‡i A‡Uvgvb mvgªvR¨ wekvj f~-
LÛ Ry‡o cÖwZwôZ wQj| GUv m¤¢e n‡qwQj Bmjv‡gi
¶gv I mnbkxjZvi Av`‡k©i Rb¨B| Ab¨ me a‡g©i
gvby‡li Zzjbvq gymjgvbivB wQj †ekx mnvbyf~wZkxj I
b¨vq-wePviK| kZ kZ eQi a‡i Zuviv L¨vwZ †c‡q‡Q
mnbkxj I kvwšZwcÖq RvwZ wnmv‡e| wewfbœ RvwZi
mgš^‡q M‡o DVv GB mgv‡R Ab¨ a‡g©i gvby‡liv
¯^vaxbfv‡e ag© cvjb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj|

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27
mnbkxjZv ZLbB c„w_ex‡Z kvwšZ Avb‡Z cvi‡e hLb
KyiAv‡bi Av`k© Zv‡Z cÖwZdwjZ nq| GB m‡Zï cÖwZ
`„wó AvKl©Y K‡i KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q--- fvj I g›`
mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv| hv fvj Zv w`‡q g›`‡K cÖwZnZ K‡iv,
d‡j ‡Zvgvi mv‡_ hvi kÎ“Zv Av‡Q , †m Nwbô eÜzi gZ
n‡q hv‡e|( myiv nv-gxg Avm mvR`v , 41: 34)
KyiAv‡bi AvqvZ¸wj‡Z Avj−vn evievi e‡j‡Qb, Ô ¶gv Õ
n‡jv GKwU Ab¨Zg †kªô ¸Y| GKwU Avqv‡Z Avj−vn
gywgb‡ì myLei w`‡q e‡j‡Qb, †h ¶gv K‡i , Avj−vn
Zuv‡K DËg cyi®‹vi †`‡eb Avi g‡›ì cÖwZdj †Zv
Abyiƒc g›` | Z‡e †h ¶gv K‡i †`q Ges Av‡cvl-gxgvsmv
K‡i, Zvi cyi¯‹vi i‡q‡Q Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q| wbðq wZwb
hvwjg‡ì‡K cQ›` K‡ib bv ( myiv ïiv, 42: 40) |
Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z Avj−vn wek¦vmx‡ì m¤c‡K© Gfv‡e
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, Ô hviv ¯^”Qj I A¯^”Qj `yB Ae¯’v‡ZB e¨q
K‡i , Avi Zuviv ivM `gb K‡i Ges gvby‡li Aciva
¶gv K‡i| hviv fvj KvR K‡i , Avj−vn Zuv‡ì‡K
fvjev‡mb ( myiv Bgivb , 3: 134)|
†KD hw` †Kvb gvby‡li Aciva‡K ¶gv K‡i †`q , Zvn‡j
Avj−vn †mUv‡K cweÎ AvPiY e‡j‡Qb| G wb‡q myiv
gvwq`vq ejv n‡q‡Q , Ô ...Zzwg memgqB Aí K‡qKRb
Qvov Zv‡ì mevB‡K wek¦vmNvZKZv Ki‡Z †`L‡Z cv‡e;
myZivs Zv‡ì‡K ¶gv K‡iv I D‡c¶v K‡iv ; wbðqB
Avj−vn †bKKvi‡ì fvjev‡mb ( myiv gvwq`v, 5: 13 )|
Bmjvg gvbyl‡K e‡j c„w_ex‡Z kvwšZ , HK¨ I b¨vq-
wePvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z | Bmjv‡gi GB bxwZ Avi wb‡`©kbvB
KyiAv‡bi AvqvZ¸wj‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| ee©iZv, wbôziZv hv
GLb mš¿vm bv‡g cwiwPZ - Zv c„w_exi gvby‡li me
g‡bv‡hvM †K‡o wb‡q‡Q| GB mš¿vm n‡jv wKQy AÁ I
a‡g©i bv‡g AwZ Drmvnx wKQy gvby‡li cvMjvgx ; hv
KyiAv‡bi Av`k© †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ|
GB me e¨w³i mv‡_ Avm‡j cÖK…Z a‡g©i †KvbB m¤úK©
†bB| a‡g©i gy‡Lvk c‡i wKQy mš¿vmx I Zv‡ì `j
ee©iZv Pvjv‡”Q| Gi mgvavb n‡jv Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z Av`k©
mevB‡K †kLv‡bv| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, GLb mš¿v‡mi †h
DrcvZ , Bmjvg I KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k©i g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q Zvi
mgvavb|

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28
cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K hy×:
KyiAv‡b hy×‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ô AcÖxwZKi
evaëvaKZv Õ wnmv‡e | hLb †Kvb Dcvq Avi †bB , ZLb
†kl Dcvq wnmv‡e hy× cwiPvwjZ n‡e| Aek¨B hy‡×i
mgqI `qv I ag©xq Av`‡k©i bxwZ‡K KovKwofv‡e †g‡b
Pj‡Z n‡e|
KyiAv‡bi Avqv‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q †h , hviv hy× Av‡M
ïiy K‡i Zviv Awek¦vmx| Avj−vn hy× , AkvwšZ cQ›`
K‡ib bv : Ô ..... hZevi Zviv hy‡×i Av¸b R¡vjvq
ZZevi Avj−vn Zv wbfvb; Ges Zviv `ywbqvq aesmvZœK
KvR K‡i †eovq; hviv aesmvZœK KvR K‡i †eovq ,
Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K fvjev‡mb bv ( myiv gvwq`v, 5: 64 )|
hLb gZ‡f` Pig ch©v‡q hvq ZLbI hy‡× Rwo‡q covi
Av‡M wek¦vmxiv †kl gyn~Z© ch©šZ A‡c¶v Ki‡e|
wek¦vmxiv ZLbB hy‡× hv‡e hLb kÎ“ AvµgY ïi“ K‡i|
hLb hy×B GKgvÎ Dcvq , ïay ZLbB gymjgvbiv wb‡R‡ì
hy‡× Rov‡e-Ô hw` Zviv ( hy× †_‡K ) weiZ nq , Z‡e
wbðqB Avj−vn ¶gvkxj , cig `qvjy ( myiv evKviv , 2:
192 )|
nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Gi Rxebx fvjfv‡e ch©‡e¶b Ki‡j
GB mZ¨B cÖKvk cvq †h, hLb †Kvb Dcvq _vK‡Zv bv ,
ZLbB †Kej hy×‡K GKwU i¶YvZœK †KŠkj wnmv‡e
cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡Zv|
ivmyj (`:) Gi Kv‡Q my`xN© 23 eQi a‡i Avj−vnÕi Inx
Av‡m| Inx Avmvi cÖ_g 13 eQi gymjgvbiv msL¨vjNy
wnmv‡e g°vq ‡cŠËwjK‡ì Aax‡b wQj| ZLb gymjgvbiv
bvbv AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb mn¨ K‡i| Ni-evwo , RvqMv-Rwg ,
UvKv-cqmv jyU nIqv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡b
gviv hvq A‡bK gymjgvb| GB `xN© 13 eQi gymjgvbiv
msN‡l©i c_ Gwo‡q P‡j Ges memgqB GB g~wZ©
c~Rvix‡ì ej‡Zv kvwšZi c‡_ Pj‡Z|
hLb GB †cŠËwjK‡ì AZ¨vPvi Amnbxq n‡jv , ZLb
gymwjgiv g°v †Q‡o Bqv_wi‡e P‡j hvq |

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29
{ Abyev`‡Ki ms‡hvRb : nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) g°v
†Q‡o GB bMix‡Z wnRiZ Kivi ci Gi bZzb bvg †`qv
nq g`xbvZzbœex ev bexi kni ; ms‡¶‡c g`xbv| }
g`xbvi cwi‡ek eÜzZ¡c~Y© wQj Ges gymjgvbiv wb‡R‡ì
AvBb †mLv‡b cÖwZôv K‡i| GB M~i“Z¡c~Y© e¨cviwU ----
wb‡R‡ì AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôvi †jvfI gymjgvb‡ì‡K
g°vi KjnwcÖq kÎ“‡ì wei“‡× A¯¿ ai‡Z cÖjyä Ki‡Z
cv‡i wb| nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) ZLbB †Kej hy‡×i
cÖ¯‘wZ gymjgvb‡ì‡K wb‡Z ej‡jb hLb Inx Avm‡jv :
Ò hy‡×i AbygwZ †`qv n‡jv Zuv‡ì‡K hviv AvµvšZ ,
KviY Zv‡ì cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q; Avj−vn wbðqB
Zuv‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cy‡ivcywi m¶g ; Zuv‡ì‡K Ni-
evox †_‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e †ei K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q ïay GRb¨
†h , Zuviv e‡j, Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Avj−vn .....(myiv nv¾
, 22:39-40 ) |
ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq , gymjgvb‡ì hy‡×i AbygwZ †`qv nq
ZLbB hLb Zviv eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i AZ¨vPvi I bvbv
ai‡bi wbh©vZ‡bi g‡a¨ wQj| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq , Avj−vn
gymjgvb‡ì‡K hy× Kivi AbygwZ w`‡jb AvZœi¶vi
†KŠkj wnmv‡e| A‡nZzK D‡ËRbv m„wó ev hy‡×i mgq
†KvbiKg evovevwoi wei“‡× gymwjg‡ì‡K mZK© K‡i
†`qv nq: Ô hviv †Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× hy× K‡i †ZvgivI
Avj−vnÕi wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× K‡iv ; wKš‘
mxgv jsNb K‡iv bv , wbðqB Avj−vn mxgv jsNbKvix‡ì
fvjev‡mb bvÕ ( myiv evKviv, 2: 190)|
hy‡×i Inx AeZx‡Y©i ci gymjgvb I †cŠËwjK‡ì g‡a¨
K‡qKevi msNl© nq| KL‡bvB gymjgvbiv hy‡×i Rb¨
cÖ‡ivPbv †`q wb| eis nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) mevi g‡a¨
kvwšZ I wbivcËv cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì mv‡_ mwÜ Pzw³
K‡ib , hv Ô û`vqweqviÕ mwÜ bv‡g L¨vZ| GB Pzw³i
mgq bexRx (`: ) †cŠËwjK‡ì cÖvq me `vexB †g‡b
wb‡qwQ‡jb| Pzw³i kZ© f½ K‡i Avev‡iv kÎ“Zv ïiy
K‡i †h `j, Zviv wQj †cŠËwjK---gymjgvbiv bq|
bI-gymwjg‡ì msL¨v `ª“Z †e‡o hvIqvq †cŠËwjK‡ì
wei“‡× gymjgvbiv wekvj evwnbx MVb K†i mg‡eZ nq|
Aek¨ nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Pig mnbkxjZvi cwiPq w`‡q
webv i³cv‡Z g°v weRq K‡ib| wZwb PvB‡jB g°vi

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30
†cŠËwjK‡ì wei“‡× wbg©g cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z cvi‡Zb|
wKš‘ wZwb Zv bv K‡i Zuvi Pig kÎ“ g°vi we‡ivax
†bZv‡ì ¶gv Ki‡jb|
weRq jv‡fi ci civwRZ g°vevmx‡ì cÖwZ ivmyj ( `: )
Pig â‡h©i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| GB NUbvi wel‡q Bmjvg
m¤ú‡K© we‡klÁ cvðv‡Zï Rb Gm‡cvwm‡Uv e‡jb , Ô
cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY I jyU Kiv Gwo‡q nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: )
kvwšZc~Y© gxgvsmv K‡ib ; kÎ“i cÖwZ Zievix eënvi bv
K‡i wZwb mvaviY ¶gv †NvlYv K‡ib| Õ
nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Gi GB gnvb~feZvi cÖksmv bv K‡i
cv‡i wb ‡cŠËwjKiv| c‡i Zviv †¯^”Qvq `‡j `‡j
Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i|
ïay g°v weR‡qi mgqB bq , eis nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: )
Gi mg‡q me hy‡×B Amnvq I wbiciva gvbyl‡ì
AwaKvi i¶v Kiv n‡Zv| GB e¨cv‡i AZ¨šZ mZK©Zv
MÖnY Kiv n‡Zv| nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) AmsLëvi GB
welqwU wek¦vmx‡ì g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| hy‡×i mgq
kÎ“ c‡¶i mv‡_ nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Gi wb‡Ri AvPiYI
Ab¨‡ì Rb¨ AbyKiYxq `„óvšZ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| hy‡×
hvIqvi Av‡M nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Aek¨B wek¦vmx‡ì
D‡Ï‡k¨ bx‡Pi kZ©vejxi K_v e‡j w`‡Zb:-
Avj−vnÕi cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨ AwePj †_‡K hy‡× hv‡e|
KL‡bvB e„× , bvix I wkï‡ì mvgvb¨ ¶wZI Ki‡e bv|
memgq Zv‡ì Ae¯’v fvj Kivi †Póv Ki‡e Ges
Zv‡ì‡K `qv ‡`Lv‡e| hviv fvj , Avj−vn Zuv‡ì‡K
fvjev‡mb (UxKv 3)|
Avj−vnÕi ivmyj hy‡×i ZxeªZvi g‡aÏ gymjgvb‡ì
gvbwmKZv wK n‡e , Zv ¯úó K‡i w`‡q‡Qb : Ô wkï‡ì
nZ¨v Ki‡e bv| wMR©vq hviv ( L„÷vb ag©hvRK ) ag©xq
Dcvmbvq Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Q , Zv‡ì ¶wZ Ki‡e bv ,
KL‡bv bvix I e„×‡ì nZ¨v Ki‡e bv; MvQcvjvq Av¸b
jvMv‡e bv ev MvQ †K‡U †dj‡e bv ; Ni-evwo KL‡bv
aesm Ki‡e bv (UxKv 4)|

31
31
nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Gi GB kvwšZc~Y© I axi-w¯’i
bxwZi Kvib n‡jv cweÎ KyiAv‡b Avj−vni †`qv Av`k©|
KyiAv‡b Avj−vn wek¦vmx‡ì Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb Agymwjg‡ì
mv‡_ m`q I bvh¨ eënvi Ki‡Z- Ô Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K
wb‡la K‡ib bv fvj eënvi I b¨vq AvPiY Ki‡Z
Zv‡ì mv‡_ , hviv `x‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡ì weiy‡× hy×
K‡i wb Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K Ni-evwo †_‡K †ei K‡i †`q
wb| wbðqB Avj−vn b¨vqcivqb‡ì fvjev‡mb| Avj−vn †Zv
†Zvgv‡ì‡K eÜzZ¡ Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡ib †Kej H me
†jv‡Ki mv‡_ , hviv `x‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ hy×
K‡i‡Q Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K Nievwo †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡q‡Q
Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K ewn¯‹vi Kivi e¨vcv‡i mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Q...( myiv gygZvnvbv , 60: 8-9)
Dc‡ii AvqvZ¸wj e¨vL¨v K‡i w`‡q‡Q gymjgvbiv wKfv‡e
Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ eënvi Ki‡e| GKRb gymjgvb
Aek¨B me Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ m`q eënvi Ki‡e ; ïay
hviv Bmjv‡gi kÎ“ Zv‡ì‡K eÜz wnmv‡e ‡g‡b †b‡e
bv| hw` KL‡bv GB kÎ“Zv gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× mk¯¿ hy‡×
iƒc †bq , ZLb gymjgvbiv cwiw¯’wZi gvbweK w`K
we‡ePbvq ‡i‡L cÖwZ DËi †`‡e| me ai‡bi ee©iZv,
AcÖ‡qvRbxq msNl© Ges Ab¨vq AvµgY Bmjv‡g wbwl× |
Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z Avj−vn Gm‡ei wei“‡× gymjgvb‡ì
mZK© K‡ib Ges eywS‡q †`b †h , kÎ“i cÖwZ cÖPÛ ivM
†hb gyymjgvb‡ì‡K †Kvb Ab¨vq Ki‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ bv K‡i-
Ô I‡n hviv Cgvb G‡bQ! †Zvgiv AwePj _vK‡e Avj−vnÕi
D‡Ï‡k¨ b¨vq mv¶¨ `v‡bi e¨vcv‡i Ges †Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi
kÎ“Zv †hb †Zvgv‡ì KLbI cÖ‡ivwPZ bv K‡i b¨vq
wePvi eR©b Ki‡Z| b¨vq- wePvi Ki‡e| b¨vq-wePvi
KivB ZvKIqvi wbKUZi| Avj−vn‡K fq Ki‡e| wbðqB
Avj−vn Lye Lei iv‡Lb †m wel‡q hv †Zvgiv K‡iv ( myiv
gvwq`v , 5: 8 )|
wRnv` Gi cÖK…Z A_©:
Avgv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi †cÖ¶vc‡U Av‡iKwU welq e¨vL¨v Kiv
ìKvi , Zvn‡jv wRnv`| wRnv‡ì mwVK A_© n‡jv Ô †Póv
ev D`¨g ev msMÖvg Õ | ZvB, Bmjv‡g wRnv` cwiPvjbvi
gv‡b n‡jv †Póv K‡i hvIqv | nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: )

32
32
wRnv‡ì e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡j‡Qb , Ô me‡P‡q eo wRnv` n‡jv
ZvB hv GKRb gvbyl Zuvi wb‡Ri nxb cÖe„wËi wei“‡×
K‡i Õ | nxb cÖe„wË n‡jv gvby‡li ‡jvf-jvjmv , wnsmv,
¯^v_©ci wPšZv I AvKvsLv BZ¨vw`|
KyiAv‡bi `„wóf½x †_‡K g~j¨vqb Ki‡j wRnv‡ì A_©
Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq ‡h , hviv wbixn gvby‡li Dci
AZ¨vPvi K‡i , AwePvi K‡i Ges hviv mš¿vm I wbôziZvi
gva¨‡g gvbe-AwaKvi j•Nb Ki‡Q , memgq wbixn gvbyl‡K
hv‡ì wbh©vZb mn¨ Ki‡Z n‡”Q --†mB AZ¨vPvixi wei“‡×
fvj
D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡jv wRnv`| G‡¶‡Î wRnv‡ì
j¶¨ n‡jv mgv‡R kvwšZ , mvg¨ I b¨vq-wePvi cÖwZôv Kiv
|
GB Av`k©MZ I Ava¨vwZœK A‡_©i cvkvcvwk kvixwiK
msMÖvg‡KI wRnv` wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq| Z‡e, Av‡MB
e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡h , wRnv` AZ¨vPvixi wei“‡× cÖwZi¶vi
†KŠkj wnmv‡eB †Kej eëüZ n‡e| †Kvb cÖ‡ivPbv Qvov
wbixn gvby‡li Dci AvµgY Pvjv‡bv n‡j Zv wRnv` bq
eis mš¿vm| GB mš¿vm n‡jv AwePvi Ges wRnv‡ì
cªK„Z A‡_©i weK…wZ ev fyj e¨vL¨v|
wb‡R‡K nZ¨v ( AvZ¥nZ¨v ) Kiv Bmjv‡g wbwl×:
Av‡gwiKvq 2001 mv‡ji mš¿vmx AvµgY hv GLb 9/11
bv‡g cwiwPZ Zv Av‡iKwU M~i“Z¡c~Y© cÖ‡kœi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q---
Zv n‡jv AvZœNvwZ nvgjv| wKQy gvbyl hviv Bmjvg m¤ú‡K©
fyj I mvgvb¨ aviYv iv‡L , Zviv GKwU gvivZœK fzj K_v
e‡j †h kvwšZi ag© Bmjvg AvZ¥NvwZ nvgjv‡K
Aby‡gv`b K‡i| mwZ¨ K_v n‡jv , Bmjv‡g wb‡R‡K I Ab¨
gvbyl‡K nZ¨v `y‡UvB wbwl×|
cweÎ KyiAv‡bi fvlvq ejv hvq , Ô †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì‡K
nZ¨v K‡iv bv ( myiv wbmv, 4: 29 )| Avj−vn AvZ¥nZ¨v‡K
cvc wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| ZvB , KviY hvB _vKzK bv
†Kb, †KD wb‡R‡K †g‡i †dj‡e --- Bmjv‡g GUv wbwl×
|

33
33
nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Dc‡`kc~Y© †QvU Mí e‡j
mevB‡K eywS‡q w`‡q‡Qb †h AvZœnZ¨v cvc| wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
Aek¨B †h ( B”Qv K‡i ) wb‡R‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jv , †m
†`vh‡Li Av¸‡b kvw¯Z cv‡e| †mLv‡b †m wPiKvj _vK‡e
( UxKv 5) |
GUv GLb cwi®‹vi †evSv hv‡”Q †h , AvZœnZ¨v Kiv Ges
AvZœNvwZ nvgjv Pvwj‡q nvRvi nvRvi wbixn gvbyl‡K Lyb
Kiv Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k©i Pig j•Nb| Avj−vn KyiAv‡b
e‡j‡Qb , wb‡Ri Rxeb wb‡q †bqv ( AvZ¥nZ¨v ) n‡jv
cvc | †mRb¨ , †h Avj−vn‡K wek¦vm K‡i Ges `vex K‡i
†h KyiAv‡bi AvBb †m †g‡b P‡j , †m KL‡bvB AvZ¥nZ¨v
ev AvZœNvwZ nvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ïay ZvivB Ggb
Ki‡Z cv‡i hv‡ì ag© m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYv i‡q‡Q ,
KyiAv‡bi mwZ¨Kv‡ii Av`k© m¤ú‡K© hv‡ì †Kvb iKg
aviYvB †bB Ges wb‡Ri wePvi- eyw× I we‡eK hviv
LvUv‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| Giv bvw¯ZKZvi ( hviv Avj−vn‡K
wek¦vm K‡i bv ) Av`‡k© cÖfvweZ Ges cÖwZ‡kv‡ai †bkvq
N„Yvi Abyf~wZ‡Z G‡ì gMR †avjvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| mevi
DwPZ G ai‡bi Kv‡Ri we‡ivwaZv Kiv|
Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m mnvbyfywZ, âh© I gvbweKZv :
Avgiv GZ¶Y hv hv Z_¨ †cjvg , Zvi mvi-ms‡¶c K‡i
ej‡Z cvwi †h, Bmjv‡gi ivR‰bwZK gZev` ( Ab¨ K_vq,
ivóª e¨ve¯’v msµvšZ BmjvwgK AvBb I bxwZ ) n‡jv
ga¨gcš’x I AZ¨šZ kvwšZc~Y©| GB mZ¨‡K A‡bK Agymwjg
HwZnvwmK ag©ZË¡we` ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| G‡ì GKRb
n‡jb weªwUk HwZnvwmK I ga¨cÖv‡Pï BwZnvm wel‡q
we‡klÁ Kv‡ib Avg©÷ªs ( Bwb Av‡M L„÷vb ag©hvwRKv
wQ‡jb )| Zuvi Holy War eB‡Z Bmjvg, Bqvn~`x I L„÷ GB
wZbwU cweÎ a‡g©i BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Kv‡ib e‡jb , Aviex kã mvjvg I Bmjvg k‡ãi g~j Drm
GKB--- hvi A_© kvwšZ| hy× GKwU e¨wZµgx cwiw¯’wZ
hv‡K wb›`v K‡i KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q , GUv Avj−vnÕi
AcQ‡›ì KvR | weaŸsmx Ab¨vq AvMÖvmb‡K Bmjvg
mg_©b K‡i bv| Bmjvg GUvi ¯^xK…wZ †`q †h KL‡bv
KL‡bv hy×‡K Gwo‡q hvIqvi †Kvb c_ _v‡K bv| KL‡bv
Avevi Ab¨vq AvMÖvmb I wbh©vZb e‡Üi Dcvq wnmv‡e
hy× Kiv GKwU BwZevPK KZ©e¨ n‡q hvq| KyiAv‡bi wk¶v
n‡jv mxwgZ ch©v‡q I hZ`~i m¤¢e gvbweKZv eRvq †i‡L
hy× Ki‡Z n‡e| gynv¤§v`‡K hy× Ki‡Z n‡qwQj ïay

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g°vevmxi mv‡_B bq , eis Bqvn~`x ‡Mvôx¸wji mv‡_I ;
GQvov wmwiqvi L„÷vb ‡ì GKvwaK `j Bqvn~`x ‡ì mv‡_
GK‡RvU n‡q bexi wei“‡× Avµg‡Yi cwiKíbv K‡iwQj|
ZeyI Gme wKQyB gynv¤§v`‡K Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì
wei“‡Ï wb›`v Kiv‡Z cv‡i wb| Zvi gymwjg evwnbx
AvZœi¶vq eva¨ n‡qwQj wKš‘ Zviv Zuv‡ì kÎ“‡ì wei“‡×
Ô ag© hy‡× Õ wjß nq wb|
gynv¤§v` Zuvi `vm Rv‡q`‡K gymwjg evwnbxi cÖavb K‡i
L„÷vb‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kivi Rb¨ cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb
ZLb Rv‡q`‡K wb‡`©k †`b Avj−vnÕi c‡_ mvnwmKZv I
GKB mv‡_ gvbweKfv‡e hy× Ki‡Z| gymwjgiv Aek¨B
L„÷vb ag©hvRK-hvwRKv , g‡V Ae¯’vbKvix mbœ¨vmx , `~e©j I
Amnvq e¨vw³ hviv hy× Ki‡Z mg_© bv, Zuv‡ì Dci
†KvbiKg AZ¨vPvi Ki‡e bv| †Kvb iKg MYnZ¨v
Pvjv‡bv hv‡e bv| †Kvb GKwU MvQI gymwjgiv †K‡U
†dj‡e bv ev GKwU evwoI aesm Ki‡e bv ( UxKv 6) |
bexi g„Zyï ci hviv Lwjdv n‡qwQ‡jb ZuvivI b¨vq-
wePvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z AZ¨šZ m‡PZb wQ‡jb| wewRZ
†`k¸wj‡Z ¯’vbxq Awaevmx I bevMZiv kvwšZ I
wbivcËvi g‡a¨ evm K‡iwQj| cÖ_g Lwjdv Avey eKi (
iv: ) Zvi RvwZi Kv‡Q `vex K‡iwQ‡jb †h , AwaK…Z
†`k¸wj‡Z _vKvi mgq Zviv †hb b¨vq I mn¨kxj g‡bvfve
MÖnY K‡i| Gme n‡jv KyiAv‡bi ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡aiB
cÖwZdjb|
cÖ_g wmixq Awfhv‡bi Av‡M Avey eKi ( iv: ) Zvi
evwnbx‡K bx‡Pi Av‡`k¸wj w`‡qwQ‡jb :- _v‡gv †Zvgiv ,
†kvb| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì wKQy Dc‡`k w`w”Q hv †Zvgiv g‡b
ivL‡e|
Kv‡iv mv‡_ cÖZviYv Ki‡e bv ;
†Zvgiv Kv‡iv A½‡”Q` Ki‡e bv;
KL‡bv wkï, e„× A_ev †Kvb bvix‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e bv,
†LRyi MvQ aesm Ki‡e bv, Mv‡Q Av¸b jvMv‡e bv ev
d‡ji MvQ KvU‡e bv ;
LvIqvi cÖ‡qvRb bv co‡j †Kvb †fov , DU ev M„ncvwjZ
cÖvYx‡K RevB Ki‡e bv ;
c‡_ †Zvgiv Ggb wKQy gvbyl‡K cv‡e hviv gv‡V ev
wbR©‡b emevm K‡i| Zviv †h Rxe‡b AvZœwb‡qvM K‡i‡Q,
†mfv‡eB Zv‡ì‡K _vK‡Z wÌ ;

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†Zvgiv nq‡Zv Ggb A‡bK gvbyl‡K cv‡e hviv
†Zvgv‡ì‡K Dcnvi wnmv‡e bvbv iK‡gi Lvevi †L‡Z
†`‡e| †Zvgiv Zv †L‡Z cv‡iv Z‡e Aek¨B Avj−vn&Õi
bvg wb‡Z fyj‡e bv ( UxKv 7) |
Avey eK‡ii ( iv:) cieZ©x Lwjdv Dgi ( iv: ) weL¨vZ n‡q
Av‡Qb mywePvi Ges wewRZ †`k¸wji gvbyl‡ì mv‡_ bvbv
Pzw³ K‡i | Lwjdv Ig‡ii ( iv:) mgqKvi cÖwZwU Pzw³
mnbkxjZv I b¨vqcivqbZvi cÖgvY †`q | D`vniY wnmv‡e
ejv hvq , jW I †Ri“mv‡jg ev †Ri“Rv‡j‡g L„÷vb‡ì
Avkªq`v‡b wZwb Pzw³e× n‡qwQ‡jb | †Kvb wMR©v †hb aŸsm
bv nq Ges gymjgvbiv `j †eu‡a Bev`Z Ki‡Z †Kvb
wMR©vq †hb bv hvq ---Lwjdv GB welq¸wj wbwðZ
K‡iwQ‡jb |
Lwjdv GBme myweavw` GKB kZ©mg~‡ni AvIZvq
†e_‡jn¨v‡gi L„÷vb‡ìI cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| ‡g‡Wb R‡qi
mgq †bm‡Uvwiqvb wMR©vi cÖavb Z…Zxq Bm‡nvqve‡K (
650-660 Lªx: ) Pzw³i AvIZvq Avkªq ‡`qv nq ; wbðqZv
cÖ`vb Kiv nq †h †Kvb wMR©v‡K aesm Kiv n‡e bv; †Kvb
AÆvwjKv‡K gmwR` ev evmvq cwiYZ Kiv n‡e bv|
gymjgvb‡ì G weR‡qi ci GB wMR©vcÖavb cviwmqvi GK
ag©hvRK‡K GK wPwV †j‡Lb | GB wPwV AZ¨šZ
g‡bvgy»Ki GB A‡_© †h Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì
mv‡_ gymjgvb‡ì ‰ah©¨ I mnbkxjZvi cwiPq GKRb
L„÷v‡bi Revbx‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q:
GB Avieiv hv‡ì‡K mªóv GLb we‡k¦i kvmb ¶gZv
cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb .....L„÷ ag©‡K wbh©vZb K‡i wb| Aek¨B
Zuviv eis AbyMÖn K‡i‡Q ; Avgv‡ì ag©hvRK‡ì Ges
¯^M©xq mš‘‡ì Zuviv m¤§vb K‡i‡Q Ges wMR©v I gV¸wj‡K
bvbv myweav `vb K‡i‡Q...( UxKv 8)|
Gme D`vniY n‡jv mwZ¨Kvi wek¦vmx‡ì b¨vq I
mnbkxjZvi ‡Rviv‡jv cÖgvY| Avj−vn& myiv wbmvq
e‡j‡Qb, wbðqB Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì wb‡`©k †`b †h, †Zvgiv
AvgvbZ †cuŠ‡Q `vI cÖvcK‡ì Kv‡Q| Avi hLb gvby‡li
g‡a¨ wePvi KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡e ZLb mywePvi Ki‡e|
Avj−vn †h Dc‡`k †Zvgv‡ì †`b Zv KZ DËg| wbðqB
Avj−vn me †kv‡bb, me †`‡Lb ( myiv wbmv; 4: 58 )|

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Anglican wMR©vi GKRb wgkb cÖavb K¨vbb †UBjvi Zuvi
GK fvl‡Y Bmjv‡gi Av`k©MZ †mŠ›`h© eY©bv K‡i e‡jb:
a‡g©i g~j gZev`¸wj Bmjvg mv‡_ K‡i G‡b‡Q| †hgb:
mªóvi †kªôZ¡ I AwØZxqZ¡ ; wZwb b¨vq-wePviK I ¶gvkxj
; mªóvi ûKz‡gi cÖwZ ev›`vi AvbyMZ¨ , AvZœmgc©Y I
wek¦vm |
Bmjvg gvby‡li `vwqZ¡ Kx Zv e‡j w`‡q‡Q | fwel¨Z
Rxe‡bi K_v, ‡kl wePv‡ii w`b, cvcx‡ì Pig kvw¯Z
cvIqvi K_v , gvby‡li cÖv_©bv Kivi evaëvaKZv , hvKvZ
†`qv, †ivRv ivLv, A‡bï DcKvi Kiv BZ¨vw`|
Bmjvg K…wÎg g~j¨‡eva I a‡g©i AmZZv I g~L©Zv , weK…Z
gvbwmKZv I e¨vL¨v Kiv KwVb Ggb me agx©q gZev` wb‡q
weev`‡K GKcv‡k †V‡j mwi‡q †`q..........Bmjvg
µxZ`vm‡ì w`‡q‡Q Avkv , gvbeRvwZ‡K w`‡q‡Q
åvZ…Z¡‡eva Ges gvbe Pwi‡Îi †gŠwjK Pvwn`v‡K ¯^xK…wZ
†`q| (UxKv 9)
wewRZ †`k¸wj‡Z Agymwjg‡ì‡K †Rvi K‡i gymjgvb
evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q , Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× GB wg_¨v Awf‡hvM me
mgq Kiv nq| cwðgv M‡elKiv GUv‡K AmZ¨ e‡j‡Qb I
gymjgvb‡ì b¨vqcivqbZv I mnbkxjZvi mZ¨Zvi ¯^xK…wZ
w`‡q‡Qb| GKRb cwðgv M‡elK Gj eªvDb e‡j‡Qb, Ô
L„÷vb ‡ì †jLvq GB wg_¨v Awf‡hvM‡K Lye AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_
cÖPvi Kiv nq †h gymjgvbiv ‡hLv‡b wM‡q‡Q †mLv‡b
Zievixi fq ‡`wL‡q gvbyl‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Y eva¨ K‡i‡Q |
NUbvP‡µ , GB Awf‡hv‡Mi wei“‡× wewfbœ mZ¨ cÖwZwôZ
n‡q‡Q Õ ( UxKv 10)|
eªvDb Zvi Ô The Prospects of IslamÕ eB‡Z wj‡L‡Qb, gymwjg
Awfhv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Bmjv‡gi åvZ…Z¡‡eva cÖwZôv Kiv|
BwZnv‡mi ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©šZ gymwjg kvmK‡ì GK eo
AskB Ab¨ a‡g©i cÖwZ m‡e©v”P âh© I kª×v cÖ`k©b
K‡i‡Qb| BmjvwgK iv‡óª Bqvn~`x I L„÷vb Df‡qB
wbivcËvi g‡a¨ evm K‡i‡Q Ges ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv Dc‡fvM
K‡i‡Q|
Rb Gj Gm‡cvwm‡Uv n‡jb RR© UvDb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ag© I
AvšZR©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i Aa¨vcK| wZwb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
wKfv‡e Bqvn~`x I L„÷vb iv gymwjg kvmb Avg‡j Pig
mnbkxjZvi cwiPq †c‡qwQj : gymwjg evwnbx GK fxlb

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kw³kvjx we‡RZv wnmv‡e wb‡R‡ì‡K cÖwZôv K‡i|
GKB mv‡_ wb‡R‡ì‡K aesmKvix bq eis cÖwZôvZv wnmv‡e
Zz‡j a‡i| Zuviv wewRZ †`‡ki kvmK I ‡mbëvwnbx‡K mwi‡q
†`q wKš‘ ¯’vbxq kvmbeë¯’v , AvgjvZš¿ Ges ms¯‹…wZi A‡bK
wKQyB euvwP‡q iv‡L| ZvB A‡bK wewRZ †`‡kB gymjgvb‡ì
weRq gv‡b wQj †Kej kvmK `‡ji cwieZ©b | Z‡e GB
bZzb kvmK †mB me gvbyl‡K kvwšZ G‡b w`j hviv eQ‡ii
ci eQi a‡i evB‡RbUvBb-cviwmqvb‡ì hy×Kvjxb Ae¯’vi
Rb¨ D”Pnv‡i Ki w`‡Z w`‡Z I wek„•Lj Ae¯’vi Kvi‡b
¶wZMÖ¯’ nw”Q‡jv| ¯’vbxq RbMY ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡R‡ì
Rxeb hvÎv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z †c‡iwQj | evB‡RbwUqvg I
cviwmqvi kvmb Avg‡ji Zzjbvq gvbyl eis gymjgvb‡ì
kvmb-e¨ve¯’v‡K A‡bK bgbxq I mnbkxj †c‡qwQj|
ag©xq †Mvôx¸wj ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡R‡ì ag© cvjb Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zv ‡hgb wb‡R‡ì Dcvm¨‡ì Dcvmbv Kiv ; we‡q ,
ZvjvK , DËivwaKvi †¶‡Î ag©xq †bZv‡ì wb‡`©k †g‡b
Pj‡Z cviv BZ¨vw` | Gm‡ei wewbg‡q Zuv‡ì‡K ivR¯^
Ki w`‡Z n‡Zv hv Ô wRwhqv Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ| wRwhqv Ki
†`qvi Kvi‡Y gymwjg evwnbx evB‡ii kÎ“‡ì AvµgY †_‡K
Agymwjg‡ì i¶vi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Zv Ges mvgwiK
evwnbx‡Z †hvM`v‡bi evaëvaKZv †_‡K †invB w`Z| GB
Kvi‡YB wRwhqv Ki cÖ`vbKvix wewRZ †`‡ki gvbyl‡ì
Ô wRw¤§ (myiw¶Z) Õ ejv n‡Zv hvi A_© G‡ì‡K myi¶v ev
wbivcËv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv| Gme Kvi‡Y , wRw¤§ nIqvi
A_© Avm‡j n‡Zv Aí Ki , ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q †ekx
¯^vaxbZv, GKB †m‡gwUK ( Avie-Bqvn~`x ) RvwZfy³
kvmK `‡ji Aax‡b _vKv | evB‡RbwUqvg Avg‡ji MÖxK -
†ivgvb kvmK‡ì †P‡q eis gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_
¯’vbxq‡ì fvlv I ms¯‹…wZMZ A‡bK wgj wQj|
Bqvn~`x I L„÷vbiv wRw¤§ Ae¯’vq gymjgvb kvm‡b AwaKZi
agx©q ¯^vaxbZv Dc‡fvM K‡i‡Q| L„÷vb A‡_©vW· wMR©v ag©xq
gZ‡f‡ì Kvi‡Y Nestorians, Monophysites, Jacobites , Copts
mn AwaKvsk wMR©vi mv‡_B m¤úK© †kl K‡i †`q Ges
Zv‡ì‡K ag© we‡ivax AvL¨v †`q| Gme wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y
wKQy Bqvn~`x I L„÷vb `j AwfhvbKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q
mvnvh¨ K‡i| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q gymjgvbiv wQj mvgªvRëv`x
cÖfy‡ì Zzjbvq Kg cxov`vqK| bvbv w`K †_‡K ,
gymjgvb‡ì weRq¸wj wQj hy× mv‡R mw¾Z GjvKvq
Bmjv‡gi kvwšZi `vIqvZ e‡q wb‡q Avmv( UxKv 11) |

38
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Bmjvg Av‡iKwU kvwšZ wb‡q Av‡m ; †mUv N‡U bvix‡ì
Rxe‡b| cÖvK-Bmjvgx hy‡M †g‡qiv mgv‡R
mvsNvwZKfv‡e wbh©vwZZ n‡Zv| cwðgv GKRb Aa¨vcK
evY©vW jyBm-- hv‡K ga¨cÖvP¨ wel‡qi Ab¨Zg †miv
we‡klÁ wnmv‡e aiv nq , wZwb e‡j‡Qb:-
mvgwMÖKfv‡e Bmjvg cÖvPxb Avie mgv‡R †g‡q‡ì Ae¯’vi
AfyZc~e© DbœwZ mvab K‡i| Bmjvg bvix‡K m¤úwË I
Av‡iv A‡bK wKQy‡Z AwaKvi `vb Ges ¯^vgx I gvwjK‡ì
AZ¨vPvi †_‡K myi¶v †`q | wkï Kb¨v nZ¨v hv Avi‡e
eûj cÖPwjZ I Aby‡gvw`Z GKwU cÖ_v wQj , Zv Bmjvg m¤ú~Y©
wbwl× K‡i| bvix‡ì Ae¯’v AZ¨šZ †kvPbxq n‡q c‡o I
Zviv Mixe †_‡K hvq hLb ¯’vbxq HwZn¨ I Av‡MiKvi
gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡Y BmjvwgK AvB‡bi cwieZ©b mvab Kiv
nq ; d‡j Bmjv‡gi g~j evZ©v Zvi kw³ nvwi‡q †d‡j |12
Bmjv‡gi âh© I mnbkxjZvi bxwZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ weL¨vZ
n‡q Av‡Q †mjRyK UvK© I A‡Uvgvb mvgªvR¨Kvj |
†mjRyK ( gymwjg ) kvmK‡ì AvIZvq L„÷vb iv wb‡Ri
B”Qvq Avm‡Z PvB‡Zv| GB wel‡q weªwUk M‡elK m¨vi
_gvm Avj©Û Zvi Ô The Spread of Islam in the World Õ eB‡Z
wj‡L‡Qb, gymwjg kvmK‡ì Aax‡b wbivcËv _vK†e eyS‡Z
†c‡i Gwkq gvBb‡ii A‡bK L„÷vbB ÎvYKZ©v wnmv‡e
†mjRyK kvmK‡ì AvMgY‡K †mB mgq ¯^vMZ
Rvwb‡qwQj| Aóg gvB‡K‡ji kvmb Avg‡j (1261-1282
Lªx:) Gwkq gvBb‡ii A‡bK †QvU †QvU iv‡Rï RbMY
†mjRyK kvmK‡ì Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Zv Zuv‡ì ivR¨‡K
gymwjg kvm‡bi AvIZvq Avb‡Z ; hv‡Z Zviv ZLbKvi (
L„÷vb ) kvm‡Ki wbg©g AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z cv‡i|
abx-Mixe wbwe©‡k‡l A‡bK Agymwjg †¯^”Qvq ZzwK©i
gymwjg kvmK‡ì Aaxb¯’ GjvKvq emev‡mi Rb¨ wbR
GjvKv †Q‡o P‡j Avm‡Zv ( UxKv 13)|
†mjRyK mvgªv‡Rï †MŠi‡ev¾j mg‡qi GKRb n‡jb
gvwjK kvn| wZwb Zuvi Aaxb¯’ GjvKvi gvbyl‡ì mv‡_

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AZ¨šZ mnbkxj I Pig âh©kxj wQ‡jb| †mRb¨
gvbyl Zuv‡K kª×v I fvjevmvi mv‡_ ¯§iY Ki‡Zv |
e¯Zzwbô HwZnvwmK hviv, Zuviv mevB Zuv‡ì †jLvq
gvwjK kv‡ni b¨vq-wePvi I mnbkxjZvi D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|
gvwjK kv‡ni âh© I mnbkxjZv Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei
gvbyl‡ì g‡b Zuvi cÖwZ fvjevmvi cÖ`xc R¡vwj‡qwQj|
‡mRb¨ †¯^”Qvq A‡bK L„÷vb cÖÖavb GjvKv Zuvi
kvmbvax‡b G‡mwQj| GB ai‡Yi NUbv BwZnv‡m
bwRiwenxb|
m¨vi _gvm GKRb L„÷vb hvR‡Ki ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi D‡j−L
K‡i‡Qb | GB hvRK n‡jb ‡m›U †Wwbk wMR©vi mbœ¨vmx
Odo de Diogilo | Bwb wØZxq µ‡mW Awfhv‡b mßg jyB‡mi
e¨w³MZ P¨vcwjb wnmv‡e Ask †bb| GB L„÷vb hvRK
Zuvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mevi cÖwZ gymwjg
kvmK‡ì b¨vq-wePv‡ii K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi GB
¯§„wZPviY‡K wfwË K‡i m¨vi _gvm wj‡L‡Qb, Amnvq
gvbyl‡ì `y:L †`‡L hw` gymjgvb‡ì g‡b `qvi D‡`ªK bv
n‡Zv, Z‡e H Amnvq †eu‡P hvIqv ( Agymwjg) gvbyl‡ì
Ae¯’v AviI †kvPbxq n‡Zv| gymjgvbiv Amy¯’‡ì †mev
Ki‡Zv ; Afvex‡ì `y:L `~i K‡iwQj Ges K~-ms¯‹vi `~i
Ki‡Z Lye AvMÖnx wQj| MÖxKiv Zx_© hvÎx‡ì KvQ †_‡K
†KŠk‡j ev †Rvi K‡i gy`ªv †K‡o wbZ ; A_P gymjgvbiv
gy³ n‡¯Z Mixe‡ì g‡a¨ `vb Ki‡Zv| L„÷vb
Zx_©hvÎx‡ì cÖwZ Awek¦vmx†ì `qv Avi L„÷vb
kvmK‡ì b„ksm AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ KZB bv cv_©K¨ wQj| (
L„÷vb ) MªxKiv Zx_©hvÎx‡ì gviai Ki‡Zv ; mvgvb¨ hv
UvKv-cqmv Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q i‡q †hZ , ZvI †K‡o wbZ ;
†Rvi K‡i Zv‡ì Dci `vm‡Z¡i k„•Lj Pvcv‡Zv | A‡bK
AgymwjgB ZvB †¯^”Qvq Zuv‡ì ÎvYKZ©v gymjgvb‡ì ag©
MÖnY Ki‡Zv|
GB me NUbvi †jLK Odo de Diogilo e‡j‡Qb, L„÷vb iv
wb‡R‡ì a‡g©i gvbyl hviv AZ¨šZ wbôzi AvPiY Ki‡Zv
Zv‡ì †P‡q eis we‡`ªvnx gymjgvb‡ì Kv‡QB †ekx
wbivc‡` wQj | L„÷vb kvmK †_‡K GB gymjgvbiv G‡ì
cÖwZ A‡bK ‡ekx mnvbyf~wZkxj wQj | Avgiv ï‡bwQ , wZb
nvRv‡iiI †ekx Agymwjg Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci †¯^”Qvq ZzwK©
kvmK‡ì Aax‡b P‡j wM‡qwQj| 14
HwZnvwmK‡ì GB me gšZ‡e¨ cÖKvk cv‡”Q , †h me
gymwjg kvmKiv Bmjv‡gi Av`k© mwZ¨Kvifv‡e MÖnY

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K‡iwQj Zviv âh©, mnbkxjZv I b¨v‡qi kvmb
cÖwZôv K‡iwQj| ‡hgb A‡Uvgvb mvgªvR¨ wZbwU gnv‡`‡k
kZ el© a‡i AdzišZ mnbkxj AvPiY I â‡h©ï cÖgvY
†i‡L‡Q| †¯úb I cZ©yMv‡j L„÷vb K¨v_wjK kvm‡b
Bqvn~`xiv hLb wbg©g MYnZ¨vi wkKvi n‡q †`kvšZix n‡Z
eva¨ nq ; ZLb wØZxq myjZvb ev‡qwR` Avg‡j Bqvn~`xiv
A‡Uvgvb mvgªv‡R¨ Avkªq †c‡qwQj| gymwjg‡ì Aax‡b
Bqvn~`x‡ì wbivc` emev‡mi GB NUbv Bmjv‡gi gnvb
Av`‡k©i Ab¨Zg D¾¡j D`vniY |
K¨v_wjK ivRviv hviv †¯ú‡bi wewfbœ ivR¨ †m mgq kvmb
Ki‡Zv , Zviv ag© cwieZ©b Ki‡Z Bqvn~`x‡ì Dci
cÖPÛ †Rvi LvUvq| A_P Gi Av‡M gymwjg kvmK‡ì
Aax‡b Av›`vjywmqvq Bqvn~`xiv L„÷vb I gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_
kvwšZ‡Z emevm Ki‡Zv| L„÷vb ivRviv ‡¯ú‡bi cy‡iv
RbMY‡K L„÷vb evbv‡bvi †Póv K‡i| ag©xq cv_©‡Kï
Kvi‡Y Bqvn~`x‡ì Dci AZ¨vPv‡ii cvkvcvwk gymwjg‡ì
wei“‡× L„÷vbiv hy× †NvlYv K‡i| G Kvi‡Y, †¯ú‡bi `w¶Y
AÂj MÖvbvWv †_‡K 1492 L„÷v‡ã †kl gymwjg kvmK
¶gZvPy¨Z nq| hy× Rqx L„÷vbiv civwRZ gymjgvb‡ì‡K
MYnv‡i wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| †h me Bqvn~`x L„÷ ag©
MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i , Zv‡ì‡K †`k Z¨v‡M eva¨ Kiv
nq| Ni-evwo †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q GB me †`knviv
Bqvn~`x‡ì GKwU `j A‡Uvgvb mvgªv‡R¨ G‡m Avkªq
cÖv_©bv K‡i ; ivóª Zuv‡ì cÖv_©bv Aby‡gv`b K‡i| Kvgvj
†iB‡mi Aax‡b A‡Uvgvb hy×RvnvR weZvwoZ Bqvn~`x I
†h me gymjgvb wbg©g nZ¨vKvÛ †_‡K i¶v †c‡qwQj
Zuv‡ì‡K A‡Uvgvb iv‡R¨ wb‡q Av‡m|
myjZvb wØZxq ev‡qwR` me‡P‡q avwg©K kvmK wnmv‡e
BwZnv‡m weL¨vZ n‡q Av‡Qb| 1492 mv‡j wZwb GB
me wbh©vwZZ , weZvwoZ Bqvn~`x‡ì‡K Zuvi mvgªv‡R¨
cÖwZwôZ K‡ib ( eZ©gvb MÖx‡mi †_mv‡jvwbKv I GWvY© )|
eZ©gv‡b Zzi‡¯‹ ‡h 25 nvRvi Bqvn~`x evm K‡i , Zuv‡ì
AwaKvskB GB me †¯úwbk Bqvn~`x‡ì eskai| cuvPkZ
eQi Av‡M Giv †¯úb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì ag© I ms¯‹…wZ
Zzi‡¯‹ wb‡q Av‡m| Zzi‡¯‹ Zuviv wbivcËvi mv‡_
emev‡mi cvkvcvwk wb‡R‡ì ¯‹zj, nvmcvZvj , eq¯‹
wbevm , mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª Ges wbR¯^ cwÎKv cÖwZôv K‡i|
Zuv‡ì wbR¯^ eëmv-cÖwZôvb Av‡Q , wewfbœ †ckvq

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Zuv‡ì cÖwZwbwa i‡q‡Q; wewfbœ KvwiMix †ckv †_‡K
ïi“ K‡i weÁvcbx ms¯’v Ges wewfbœ µgea©gvb eyw×e„wËK
cwigÛ‡j Zuviv wb‡R‡ì Ae¯’vb‡K my`„p K‡i‡Q|
BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ †`‡k Bqvn~`x we‡Ølx g‡bvfve cÖej
_vKvq †mLv‡b kZ eQ‡iiI †ekx mgq a‡i Bqvn~`x‡ì
bvbv ai‡Yi f‡qi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z nq ; Ggb wK cÖvqB
Bqvn~`x‡ì Dci kvixwiK Avµg‡Yi NUbvI N‡U| wKš‘
Zzi‡¯‹ Bqvn~`x‡ì Gme wKQyB KL‡bv mn¨ Ki‡Z nq wb|
Zuviv memgqB †mLv‡b kvwšZ I wbivcËvi g‡a¨ evm K‡i
G‡m‡Q| Bmjvg †h mnbkxjZv I b¨vqcivqbZv e‡q wb‡q
G‡mwQj , gymwjg kvm‡b Bqvn~`x‡ì wbivcËvi g‡a¨
emev‡mi GB GKwU NUbvB Zv cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó |
myjZvb wØZxq ev‡qwR` †h mnbkxjZv I D`viZv
Agymwjg‡ì cÖwZ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb , cieZ©x‡Z A‡Uvgvb
myjZvb‡ì mevB Zv AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb| hLb myjZvb
Mehmet Kbm‡UbwU‡bv‡cvj Rq K‡ib, ZLb wZwb Bqvn~`x
I L„÷vb‡ì ¯^vaxbfv‡e †mLv‡b emev‡mi AbygwZ †`b|
Bmjvgx wek¦ I gymwjg kvmK‡ì mnbkxjZv I b¨vqcivqbZv
wb‡q A‡bK g~jëvb †jLv wj‡L‡Qb Av‡›`ª wg‡Kj | wZwb
e‡jb, L„÷vb m¤cÖ`vq
( gymwjg‡ì Aax‡b ) mykvwmZ iv‡óª evm Ki‡Zv †h
my‡hvM Zuviv evB‡hbUvBb I j¨vwUb hy‡M cvq wb| gymwjg
kvm‡b L„÷vbiv KL‡bvB wbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi
nq wb| eis ejv hvq, L„÷vb kvmK KZ©„K wbh©vwZZ †¯úbxq
Bqvn~`x‡ì Rb¨ gymwjg GjvKv we‡kl K‡i B¯Zv¤^yj
wbivc` Avkªq‡K›`ª wQj| KL‡bvB †Rvi K‡i Bmjvg MÖn‡Y
gvbyl‡ì eva¨ Kiv nq wb; BmjvwgKiY wQj mvgvwRK
µ‡gvbœwZi dj |
Gme wewfbœ Z_¨ cÖgvY K‡i †h , gymwjgiv KL‡bvB
AZ¨vPvix kvmK wQj bv| eis Zuviv me RvwZi Kv‡Q
kvwšZ , wbivcËv I wek¦vm ‡cuŠ‡Q w`‡qwQj| gymwjgiv
Avj−vnÕi ‡mB Av‡`k ïb‡Zv †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q , Ô Avi
†Zvgiv Bev`Z K‡iv Avj−vnÕi Ges Avj−vnÕi mv‡_ KvD‡K
kixK K‡iv bv | fvj eënvi K‡iv wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ ,
AvZœxq¯^R‡bi mv‡_ , BqvZxg‡ì mv‡_ , wgmKxb‡ì mv‡_ ,
wbKU I `~i cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì mv‡_ , m½x-mv_x I c_Pvixi
mv‡_ Ges †Zvgv‡ì AwaKvify³ `vm-`vmx‡ì mv‡_ |
wbðqB Avj−vn cQ›` K‡ib bv `vw¤¢K AvZœ-Mwe©Z

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gvbyl‡K ( myiv wbmv, 4: 36 )---gymjgvbiv ZvB me
gvby‡li mv‡_B fvj eënvi Ki‡Zv|
ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq , eÜzZ¡ ; åvZ„Z¡‡eva ; kvwšZ I fvjevmv
n‡jv KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k©i wfwË| Avi Gme n‡jv †kªóZi
¸Yvejx hv AR©b Ki‡Z gymjgvbiv m‡Pó _v‡K| ( G
wb‡q we¯ZvwiZ Rvb‡Z co–b nviyb Bqvwnqvi †jLv eB Ô
KyiAv‡b b¨vq-wePvi I mnbkxjZv Õ ) |
hviv a‡g©i bv‡g mš¿vm K‡i , †mB me mš¿vmx‡ì cÖK„Z
†Pnviv :
cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡j−L Kiv wewfbœ D`vniY cÖgvY K‡i †h,
wbiciva gvby‡li wei“‡× mš¿vmx AvµgY cwiPvjbv Kiv
Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK Av`‡k©i m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| ZvB, GUv
G‡Kev‡iB AcÖZ¨vwkZ †h †Kvb gymjgvb GB ai‡Yi Ab¨vq
KvR Ki‡e| eis, gymjgvb‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv , GB ai‡Yi
mš¿vmx‡ì _vgv‡bv ; c„w_exi eyK †_‡K Ô AkvwšZ `~i Kiv Õ
Ges c„w_exi me gvby‡li Kv‡Q kvwšZ I wbivcËv †cuŠ‡Q
†`qv| Bqvn~`x mš¿vm , L„÷vb mš¿vm ev BmjvwgK mš¿vm
Gfv‡e wPwýZ K‡i K_v ejv hyw³m½Z bq | Aek¨B Avgiv
hw` GB me Acivax‡ì BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Kwi, Zvn‡j
†`L‡ev, Gi wcQ‡b †Kvb ag©xq bxwZ KvR Ki‡Q bv, eis
mvgvwRK KviYB `vqx|
µz‡mWvi : GB ee©iiv wb‡R‡ì ag©‡K AcgvwbZ K‡i‡Q:
GKwU a‡g©i mwZ¨Kvi evYx ev Av`k© aesm ev weK…Z n‡Z
cv‡i †mB a‡g©iB wg_¨v Abymvix‡ì Rb¨ | Gi GKwU
D`vniY n‡jv µy‡mWviiv | Zviv hv K‡i‡Q , Zv L„÷
a‡g©i BwZnv‡m GKwU Kv‡jv Aa¨vq|
GB µy‡mWviiv n‡jv BD‡ivcxqvb L„÷vb| Zviv GKv`k
kZvãxi †k‡l gymjgvb‡ì KvQ †_‡K cweÎ f~wg (
†Ri“mv‡jg I msjMœ GjvKv ) D×vi Kivi bv‡g hy× Awfhvb
ïi“ K‡i| Zviv wb‡RivB GB Awfhv‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU
Z_vKw_Z ag©xq †Quvqv †`q hwÌ †hLv‡b Zviv hvq
‡mLv‡bB m„wó K‡i Îv‡mi ivR¡Z¡|
Awfhv‡bi c‡_ Zviv wbixn gvbyl‡ì MYnv‡i nZ¨v
K‡i; AmsL¨ MÖvg I kn‡i `my¨Zv K‡i| †Ri“mv‡jg Rq

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K‡i †mLv‡b Zviv i‡³i eb¨v eB‡q †`q| Av‡M †hLv‡b
†Ri“mv‡j‡g BmjvwgK AvB‡bi Aax‡b gymwjg I
Agymwjgiv kvwšZ‡Z evm Ki‡Zv , †mLv‡b weRqx
µy‡mWviiv †KvbiKg ¶gv cÖ`k©b bv K‡i wbwe©Pv‡i
gymjgvb I Bqvn~`x ‡ì nZ¨v K‡i| GKRb HwZnvwm‡Ki
fvlvq, Ô Zviv m¨vi¨v‡mb (‡h mgq ag©hy× nq †mB
mgqKvi gymjgvb ) I ZzK©x‡ì g‡a¨ hv‡K †hLv‡b †c‡q‡Q
---- †m bvix ev cyi“l †hB †nvK bv †Kb , Zv‡KB nZ¨v
K‡i‡Q ( UxKv 16) |
GKRb µy‡mWvi Aguiles Gi †iBgÛ GB msNl© m¤ú‡K©
AZ¨šZ `¤¢f‡i e‡j, fxlY my›ì me `„k¨ †`Lv †Mj|
Avgv‡ì `‡ji wKQy †hv×v ( GivB wQj me‡P‡q
¶gvcivqb ) kÎy‡ì gv_v †K‡U †d‡j , A‡b‡K Zxi Quy‡o
kÎy‡ì AvnZ K‡i , ZvB Zviv DuPz Pzov †_‡K c‡o hvq ;
A‡bK †hv×v Av¸‡b Qy‡o †d‡j A‡bK¶Y Kó w`‡q
kÎ“‡ì gv‡i ; kn‡ii iv¯Zvq iv¯Zvq g„Z‡ì KvUv nvZ-
cv-gv_vi ¯‘c R‡g hvq ; iv¯Zvq Pjvi Rb¨ g„Z‡ì
wWw½‡q †h‡Z n‡qwQj | wKš‘ m‡jvg‡bi gw›`‡i hv n‡q‡Q
Zvi Zzjbvq Gme AZ¨šZ mvgvb¨ e¨cvi| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e
gw›`‡i ag©xq AvPvi AbywôZ nq , wKš‘ ....... GB gw›ì
I msjMœ GjvKvq i‡³i g‡a¨ µz‡mWvi‡ì †Nvovi nuvUz I
jvMvg ch©šZ Wy‡e wM‡qwQj.... ( UxKv 17)|
‡hfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡jv †miKg b„ksmfv‡e µy‡mWviiv gvÎ
`yB w`‡b Pwj−k nvRvi gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i ( UxKv 18)|
µy‡mWvi‡ì ee©iZv GZUvB Pi‡g †cuŠ‡QwQj †h , PZz_©
µz‡mW Awfhv‡bi mgq Zviv Kbm‡b›U¨vwb‡cvj (eZ©gvb
B¯Zv¤^yj ) hv wQj L„÷vb Aay¨wlZ kni †mLv‡b nvgjv
Pvjvq Avi wMR©v¸wj †_‡K †mvbvi wRwblcÎ jyU K‡i
wb‡q hvq| Aek¨B GB ai‡Yi b„ksmZv L„÷ a‡g©i Av`‡k©i
we‡ivax| wbD †Uóv‡g›U Gi fvl¨ Abymv‡i L„÷ ag© n‡jv
Ô fvjevmvi evYx Õ | evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q , †h †Zvgvi kÎ“
Zv‡K fvjev‡mv Avi †h †Zvgv‡K wbh©vZb K‡i Zvi Rb¨
cÖv_©bv K‡iv ( g¨vw_D 5: 44 )| mymgvPv‡ii †Kv_vI mš¿vm
Ki‡Z AbygwZ †`qv nq wb| ZvB wbixn gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv
AKíbxq GKwU e¨cvi| mymgvPv‡i Ô wbiciva gvbyl‡K
nZ¨viÕ ‡h aviYvwU Avcwb cv‡eb , †mwU ïay n‡jv GK
wbôzi Bqvn~`x ivRv †n‡ivW KZ…©K wkï hxï { nhiZ Cmv
(Av:) } †K nZ¨v Kivi †Póvi NUbvwU|

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L„÷ ag© hw` fvjevmvi ag© nq †hLv‡b mš¿v‡mi †Kvb ¯’vb
†bB , Zvn‡j wK K‡i µy‡mWviiv BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q wbg©g
nZ¨vKvÛ¸wj NUv‡jv ? Gi KviY n‡jv , µy‡mWvi‡ì g‡a¨
†ekxi fvMB wQj AÁ , Awkw¶Z--- hv‡ì‡K ejv †h‡Z
cv‡i ÔBZi Õ †kªYxi ‡jvK| Giv wb‡R‡ì ag©xq Av`k©
m¤ú‡K© wKQyB Rvb‡Zv bv ; Giv Lye m¤¢eZ Rxe‡b †Kvbw`b
wb‡R‡ì ag©MÖš’ cov †Zv `~‡i _vK , †eva nq †Pv‡LI
†`‡L wb| ZvB Zviv mymgvPv‡ii gnvb Av`‡k©i K_v wKQyB
Rvb‡Zv bv | µy‡m‡Wi †bZviv †m mgq †k−vMvb w`Z †h
GB hy× I mš¿vm n‡jv Ô Ck¦‡ii B”Qv Õ | mvaviY
‡hv×viv GB †k−vMvb I gZev‡` cÖfvweZ n‡Zv| GB wg_¨v
†k−vMv‡b DØy× n‡q †hv×viv ag©hy‡× b„ksm AvPiY Ki‡Zv
hv wQj cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zv‡ì a‡g©i Av`‡k©i m¤ú~Y© wecixZ
KvR|
c~e©vÂjxq L„÷vb -----evB‡hbwUqv‡gi gvby‡liv
ms¯‹…wZMZ w`K †_‡K cwðgv L„÷vb ‡ì †_‡K A‡bK
Avjv`v wQj| GB L„÷vb gvbweK g~j¨‡eva‡K h‡_ó M~i“Z¡
w`Z| hy× R‡qi Av‡M I c‡iI A‡_©vW· L„÷vb iv
gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ wg‡jwg‡k wQj| ‡Uwi †Rvbm ,
wewewmÕi fvl¨Kv‡ii g‡Z, ga¨cÖvP¨ †_‡K µz‡mWvi‡ì
P‡j hvIqvi c‡i mf¨ RxebhvÎv Avevi ïi“ nq | GK
mªóvq we¤^vmx wZb a‡g©i gvby‡liv Avevi kvwšZ‡Z GK
mv‡_ _vK‡Z ïi“ K‡i ( UxKv 19)|
µy‡mWviiv mvaviY mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi GKwU wb‡`©kK| GKwU
Av`‡k©i Abymvixiv hZ †ekx Amf¨ I Awkw¶Z ,
eyw×e„wËK P”P©v hv‡ì g‡a¨ hZ Kg, ZvivB †ekx K‡i
mš¿vm‡K Avkªq K‡i KvR K‡i| a‡g©i mv‡_ G‡ì
Av`‡k©i †Kvb wgj _v‡K bv| cy‡iv c„w_ex‡ZB KwgDwbó
Av‡›`vjb Pjvi mgq mš¿v‡mi Avkªq †bqv n‡qwQj ; Z‡e
me‡P‡q ‡ekx i³ Swi‡q‡Q K‡¤^vwWqvi †iW †Lgviiv| Gi
KviY , Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì g‡a¨ GivB wQj me‡P‡q †ekx
Awkw¶Z|
cweÎ KyiAv‡b †e`yBb ( Avie hvhvei‡ì ) PwiÎ :
nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Gi mgq cÖvPxb Avi‡ei mvgvwRK
KvVv‡gv cÖavbZ: `yB fv‡M wef³ wQj| Avi‡ei kni
GjvKvq wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi †Quvqv wQj| evwYwR¨K Kvi‡Y

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wbR GjvKvi evB‡ii c„w_exi mv‡_ Avi‡ei kn‡ii
evwm›`v‡ì †hvMv‡hvM wQj| GUv Ô fvj eënvi Õ wkL‡Z
Avi‡ei kû‡ii †jvK‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj | Zuviv gvwR©Z
i“wP I †mŠ›`h©‡ev‡ai AwaKvix wQj , mvwnZ¨ we‡kl K‡i
KweZv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z Rvb‡Zv| Ab¨w`‡K , hvhvei
gi“evmxiv Avi‡ei cÖZ¨šZ GjvKvq _vK‡Zv ; Giv wQj
AZ¨šÍ ¯’yj i“wPi I AgvwR©Z | wkíKjv , ms¯‹…wZ
m¤ú‡K© Zviv wKQyB Rvb‡Zv bv| ZvB my¶ i“wPi †Kvb
P”P©vI Zviv Ki‡Zv bv |
Bmjv‡gi Rb¥ I weKvk nq g°vq ---Avie DcØx‡ci
me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y© GjvKvq| Bmjvg hLb GB GjvKvi
me©ÎB Qwo‡q c‡o , ZLb g°vevmx QvovI Ab¨ me
DcRvwZi gvby‡liv Bmjvg Keyj K‡i| G‡ì g‡a¨
gi“evmxivI wQj , Z‡e G‡ì A‡b‡KB m‡›`‡ni Kvi‡Y
Bmjvg Keyj K‡i wb| Awk¶v I ¯’yj i“wPi Rb¨ Bmjv‡gi
MfxiZv I gnvb `„wóf½x Giv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|
G m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn cweÎ KyiAv‡b e‡jb, Ô gi“evmxiv Kzdix
I †gvbv‡dKx‡Z AZ¨šZ K‡Vvi Ges Zviv †mme ûKzg-
AvnKvg bv RvbviB †hvM¨ hv Avj−vn Zuvi ivmy‡ji Dci
bvwhj K‡i‡Qb| Avj−vn me©Á , †nKgZIqvjv Õ ( myiv
ZIev, 9: 97)|
Avieevmx‡ì g‡a¨ gi“evmxivB wQj Ô Kzdix I
†gvbv‡dKx‡Z AZ¨šZ K‡Vvi Õ Ges Avj−vnÕi Aeva¨Zvq
wjß _vK‡Zv| nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) Gi mgq Giv gymwjg
we‡k¦i GKwU As‡k cwiYZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z Giv Bmjv‡gi
Abymvix‡ì Rb¨ A‡bK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| †e`yBb‡ì
g‡a¨ GKwU `j wQj Ô LvwiRx Õ hv‡ì‡K we‡`ªvnx †Mvwô
ejv n‡Zv | Giv wQj me‡P‡q wec_Mvgx †MvÎ hviv mybœx
gZv`k© †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i P‡j wM‡qwQj | eb¨ ¯^fve I
ag©xq Db¥v`bv wQj G‡ì ‰ewkó¨| KyiAv‡bi Av`k©‡K
Giv mvgvb¨B eyS‡Zv ; Giv cÖvq me gymwjg `‡ji mv‡_B
hy‡× wjß nq ; KyiAv‡bi wKQy Avqv‡Zi weK…Z e¨vL¨v K‡i
LvwiRxiv GB me hy‡× wjß nq Ges bvbv ai‡Yi mš¿vmx
Kv‡R wjß nq| nhiZ Avjx ( iv: ) whwb nhiZ gynv¤§v`
(`: ) Gi Nwbô AvZœxq I AZ¨š— Kv‡Qi gvbyl wQ‡jb Ges
hv‡K ivmyj (`: ) Áv‡bi ìRv e‡j AwfwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb ,
Zv‡K GB we‡`ªvnx `‡jiB GKRb nZ¨v K‡i|
Av‡iv c‡i Av‡iKwU wbôzi `j nvwmmxi Rb¥ nq| Giv wQj
cy‡ivcywi GKwU mš¿vmx `j , AÁ I a‡g©vb¥v` AvµgYvZœK
¯^fv‡ei gvby‡liv wQj GB `‡ji m`m¨| cweÎ KyiAv‡bi

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46
gnvb Av`k© †_‡K Giv A‡bK `~‡i wQj| ZvB †h
†Kvb †jvfbxq cÖ¯Zve ev hy‡×i †k−vMv‡bB Giv cÖfvweZ
n‡Zv|
µ‡mWviiv †hfv‡e L„÷ a‡g©i Av`k©‡K weK…Z K‡i fyj
e¨vL¨v K‡iwQj Ges a‡g©i bv‡g wbôziZv †`wL‡qwQj ,
Bmjvg‡K Ace¨vL¨v K‡i †Zgwb wKQy `‡ji Rb¥ n‡q‡Q
hvi m`mïv weK…Z gvbwmKZvi Ges hviv mš¿vm‡K Avkªq
K‡i Zv‡ì KvRKg© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| µ‡mWvi I GB me
`‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU wgj i‡q‡Q ; Zvn‡jv Zv‡ì Ô†e`yBb Õ
PwiÎ| Giv n‡jv Awkw¶Z , AgvwR©Z I ¯’yj ¯^fv‡ei Ges
eyw×e„wËi P”P©v K‡i bv| wb‡R‡ì ag© m¤c‡K© mwZ¨Kv‡ii
Ávb G‡ì †bB| agx©q Av`k© m¤ú‡K© Rvbv bv _vKv‡ZB
Giv mš¿v‡mi Avkªq †bq| hwÌ Giv fyj K‡i `vex K‡i
†h , ag© Zv‡ì mš¿vm‡K Aby‡gv`b K‡i|
wbôzi ¯^fv‡ei mš¿vmxi GKgvÎ j¶¨ n‡jv aŸsmjxjv :
ivwkqvi AivRKZv m„wói †nvZv gvB‡Kj †eKzwbb I Zvi
wkl¨ wbKv‡ff GKRb Av`k© mš¿vmx‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Q
Gfv‡e , Ô GKRb (ivóª wec−exi) me KvR †eu‡P _v‡K ïay Zvi
K_vq bq eis Kv‡R ---- mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ wbqg-
Kvby‡bb wei“‡× , Z_vKw_Z mf¨ c„w_exi AvBb , ˆbwZKZv
I HwZ‡nï wei“‡× ; wec−ex n‡jv Av‡cvlnxb cÖwZc¶
.....‡m ïay GKwU mZ¨B Rv‡b , Zvn‡jv aŸs‡mi Ávb| (The
Alarm Newspaper Article, "Bakunin's Ground-Work for the Social
Revolution," 1885 Dec. 26, p. 8)
GB `yÕR‡bi K_vq †evSv hv‡”Q †h mš¿vmxiv mvgvwRK I
Ava¨vwZœKmn me ai‡Yi cÖwZôvb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì‡K
Avjv`v g‡b K‡i | Gfv‡e Zviv me ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i | Gme cÖwZóvb¸wj‡K Zviv g‡b K‡i
Zv‡ì cwiKíbvi ev¯Zevq‡bi c‡_i euvav wnmv‡e |
‡eKzwbb Av‡iv e‡j , Ô w`b-ivwÎi memg‡qB (wec−exi )
GKgvÎ wPšZv I j¶¨ n‡jv ¶gvnxb aesm | hLb †m VvÛv
gv_vq K¬vwšZnxbfv‡e GB cwiKíbv ev¯Zevq‡b KvR K‡i
, ZLb †m wb‡RI †h †Kvb mg‡q gviv hv‡e GB cÖ¯‘wZ
Zvi _vK‡e| †h †KD Zvi Kv‡R euvav w`‡Z Avm‡e , Zv‡K
wb‡Ri nv‡Z Lyb Kivi Rb¨ GKRb wec−ex memegq
wb‡R‡K ˆZix ivL‡e| Õ

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47
mvgvwRK wec−‡ei g~jZË¡ cÖwZ‡e`‡b †eKzwbb mš¿vmxi
PwiÎ m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wj‡L , wb‡Ri cÖwZ K‡Vvi nIqvi
mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡K Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ K‡Vvi n‡Z n‡e; †h †Kvb
cvwievwiK ev e¨w³MZ m¤K‡K©i †P‡q wec−ex Kv‡Ri cÖwZ
fvjevmv Aek¨B cÖvavb¨ cv‡e | fvjevmv ,
K…ZÁZv‡eva G ai‡Yi me `~e©j Av‡eM‡K `gb Ki‡Z
n‡e | Õ
GB K_v¸wj mš¿v‡mi AÜKvi RMZ‡K Dj½ K‡i
‡`wL‡q‡Q| GUv Av‡iv †`Lv‡”Q †h , GB gZev` Bmjvgx
Av`‡k©i G‡Kev‡i wecixZ| Bmjvg kvwšZ , mnbkxjZv
I fvjevmvi Dci cÖwZwôZ| KyiAv‡bi Avqv‡Z Avj−vn
e‡j‡Qb , kvwšZi c‡_B n‡jv gvby‡li gyw³i c_| kvwšZi
wecixZ AkvwšZ I we‡iv‡ai c_‡K Lyu‡R †eov‡bvi A_©
n‡jv kqZv‡bi c_‡K AbymiY Kiv| Ô †n hviv Cgvb
G‡b‡Qv; †Zvgiv cwic~Y©fv‡e Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡iv Ges
kqZv‡bi c`vsK AbymiY K‡iv bv| †m †Zv †Zvgv‡ì
cÖKvk¨ kÎy( myiv evKviv , 2: 208)|
mš¿v‡mi `jMZ gb¯ZË¡:
mb&ªvmx‡ì Av‡iKwU M~i“Z¡c~Y© êwkó¨ n‡jv Zviv mg‡eZ
Drmvn I Av‡e‡M KvR K‡i| `jxq mvnm I DÏxcbvi
g‡a¨ KvR Kivi mgq e¨w³MZ gZvgZ †Kvb M~i“Z¡ cvq
bv| †Kbbv, mevB GKwUgvÎ Mš—‡e¨ hvIqvi Rb¨ GKmv‡_
KvR Ki‡Q| `‡ji mv‡_ †_‡K Ggb A‡bK KvR A‡b‡K
K‡i hv †m GKvKx my¯’ gw¯—‡¯‹ KL‡bvB Ki‡Zv bv|
wb‡Ri wePvi-eyw×-we‡ePbv bv LvwU‡qB `‡ji g‡a¨
†_‡K A‡bK wKQz Ki‡Z nq| A‡bK †`‡kB mš¿vmx `j
MwVZ n‡q‡Q wKQz Awkw¶Z I eyw×nxb gvbyl‡ì wb‡q|
Giv A`g¨ gvbwmK fvev‡e‡M Avµvš— n‡q Kx Ki‡Q Zv
ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡i bv| MYwgwQ‡j Ask wb‡q , `jMZfv‡e
†k−vMvb w`‡Z w`‡Z †Kb GKUv KvR Zviv Ki‡Q , Zv bv
ey‡SB Giv b„ksm AvPiY K‡i e‡m|
GK gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨B GB ai‡Yi Av‡eMcÖeY gvby‡liv
wb‡R‡K Lybx‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Av‡e‡Mi e‡k Giv

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wbiciva gvby‡li i³ Siv‡bv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †h
†Kvb AgvbweK KvRB Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GKRb gvbyl hLb GKvKx _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K g‡b nq axi-
w¯’i , kvš—| wKš‘ GB GKB e¨w³ hLb †Kvb mš¿vmx `‡ji
Ask nq , ZLb †Zgb †Kvb KviY QvovB †m gvby‡li
Ni-evwo‡Z Av¸b jvMv‡bv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i bvix wbh©vZb
BZ¨vw` †h †Kvb Lvivc KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡ì‡K
Ggbfv‡e gš¿gy» nq †h wb‡Ri cÖvY w`‡ZI Giv Avi
wØav K‡i bv| hviv mš¿v‡m Ask †bq , Zv‡ì †ekxifvMB
`~e©j wP‡Ëi|Giv D‡ËwRZ GKwU `j hv K‡i, †hw`‡K hvq ,
†fovi cv‡ji gZ ZvivI †mw`‡KB GKmv‡_ Qz‡U| ïf
eyw× Avi wePvi Kivi ¶gZv †jvc †c‡q hvq ZLb;
AwZwi³ I Awe‡ePbvcÖmyZ Av‡eM Ges mš¿v‡mi cÖwZ
†SuvK ‡c‡q e‡m Zv‡ì| G ai‡Yi Av‡eMcÖeY gvbyliv Lye
mn‡RB D‡ËwRZ nq Avi Aí‡ZB A‰ah©¨ n‡q c‡o|
KLb , †Kv_vq _vg‡Z n‡e Zvi †Kvb wbqg-bxwZ Giv Rv‡b
bv, gv‡b bv|
`jMZ gb¯—‡Ë¡i GB fyj w`‡Ki K_v cweÎ KyiAv‡b
cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q | Avj−vn 17 bs myivi 36bs Avqv‡Z
e‡j‡Qb, gvbyl Aek¨B wb‡Ri wePvi-eyw× cÖ‡qvM K‡i
KvR Ki‡e| Ò †h wel‡qi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgvi †Kvb Ávb †bB
( Ah_v ) ;†m wel‡q Abygvb Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡qv bv, †Kbbv
( wKqvg‡Zi w`b ) Kvb , †PvL I Aš—i, GB me KqwUB
wR½vwmZ n‡e ( myiv ebx BmivCj ; 17:36 )
mš¿v‡mi GKwU Drm :Z…Zxq we‡k¦ a‡g©vb¥ËZv
eZ©gv‡b Ô BmjvwgK mš¿vmÕ welqwU cy‡iv wek¦ Ry‡oB
Av‡jvPbvi †K›`ªwe›`ª‡Z i‡q‡Q| Z_vKw_Z GB BmjvwgK
mš¿v‡mi cÖK…wZ BwZnv‡mi wewfbœ D`vniY †_‡K Avgiv
aviYv Ki‡Z cvwi| Giv n‡”Q †mB mš¿vmx hviv a‡g©i bvg
eënvi K‡i wewfbœ Ab¨vq KvR K‡i| hviv G ai‡Yi
Ab¨vq K‡i Ges G‡ì mš¿vm‡K mg_©b hviv K‡i , Zviv
Avm‡j Bmjv‡gi bvgavix ¶z`ª †Mvôx| Giv n‡jv , Ô †e`yBb
Pwi‡ÎiÕ----Bmjv‡gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Giv Ki‡Q bv|

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49
Bmjv‡gi gnZ¡ Giv eyS‡Z cv‡i bv; ZvB kvwš— I
b¨v‡qi ag© Bmjvg‡K Giv eënvi Ki‡Q b„ksm Kv‡Ri
DcKiY wnmv‡e|
GB b„ksmZv Zv‡ì mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK KvVv‡gvi
djvdj| GB ee©iZvi Rb¨ `vqx Z…Zxq we‡k¦i
a‡g©vb¥ËZv| GUv n‡”Q Zv‡ì KvR hv‡ì g‡b gvby‡li
cÖwZ †Kvb `qv-gvqv †bB| G‡ì gb bxwZnxbZvi
AÜKv‡i Wy‡e Av‡Q|
GUv AZ¨š— mwZ¨ K_v †h , MZ K‡qK kZvãx a‡i we‡k¦i
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cwðgv kw³ I Zv‡ì †`vmi‡ì Øviv
gymwjgiv bvbvfv‡e AZ¨PvwiZ I wbh©vwZZ n‡”Q|
BD‡ivcxq K‡jvbxi ivóªmg~n , ¯’vbxq AvMÖvmx kvmK ev
cvðv‡Zï mg_©bcyó Dcwb‡ekev`x kw³ ( †hgb BmivCj
) gymjgvb‡ì Dci wbg©g AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡”Q| gymjgvb‡ì
c¶ †_‡K GB Ae¯’vi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e KyiAv‡bi
bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡KB| KyiAv‡bi †Kv_vI mš¿v‡mi e`‡j
mš¿vm Ki‡Z Drmvn †`qv nq wb| eis Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb,
fvj w`‡q g›`‡K cÖwZnZ K‡iv ; Ò ( †n bex ) , fvj Avi
g›` KL‡bvB mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv; Zzwg fvj ( KvR ) Øviv
g›` ( KvR) †K cÖwZnZ K‡iv, Zvn‡jB ( Zzwg †`L‡Z cv‡e)
†Zvgvi g‡a¨ Ges hvi mv‡_ †Zvgvi kÎ“Zv wQ‡jv , Ggb (
Ae¯’v m„wó ) n‡q hv‡e-‡hb †m †Zvgvi Nwbô eÜz ; (myiv
nv-gxg Avm mvR`v ; 41:34)|
b„ksm AvPi‡Yi cÖwZev` Rvbv‡bvi ‰ea AwaKvi
gymjgvb‡ì i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Kivi mgq
KL‡bvB N„Yvq AÜ nIqv hv‡e bv ev Ab¨vqfv‡e kÎ“Zv
Kiv hv‡e bv| Avj−vn cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi mgq gymjgvb‡ì
mZK© K‡i e‡j‡Qb , Ô ....†Zvgiv ( ïay) †bK KvR I
ZvKIqvi e¨vcv‡iB G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e ; cvc I
evovevwoi Kv‡R (KL‡bv ) G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iv bv |
memgqB Avj−vn‡K fq K‡iv , †Kbbv Avj−vnZvjv (
cv‡ci ) kvw¯— w`‡Z AZ¨š— K‡Vvi ( myiv gvwq`v, 5:2)|

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50
wbiciva gvbyl‡ì wei“‡× mš¿vm K‡i wb‡R‡ì‡K Ô
we‡k¦i wbh©vwZZ gvbyl‡ì cÖwZwbwaÕ wnmv‡e `vex Kiv GKwU
wg_¨v I nvm¨Ki ARynvZ hv Bmjv‡gi †PZbvi we‡ivax|
gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ †h AZ¨vPvi P‡j G‡m‡Q Ges n‡”Q
Zvi Rb¨ wKš‘ cwðgv me †`k I RvwZ `vqx bq| GB
welqwU we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L Kivi g‡Zv M~i“Z¡c~Y© | Avm‡j
e¯Ëev`x Ges ag©nxb Av`k© I bxwZ hv 19 kZvãx †_‡K
we‡k¦ cÖPwjZ ZvB cÖavbZ: `vqx Gme `y:LRbK NUbv¸wji
Rb¨|
L„÷ ag© †_‡K BD‡ivcxq Dcwb‡ek Rb¥ jvf K‡i wb|
eis L„÷ a‡g©i Av`k© we‡ivax g‡bvfveB Dcwb‡ek‡K
†bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Q| 19 kZvãxi b„ksmZg AvPiY¸wji g~‡j
i‡q‡Q WviDB‡bi mvgvwRK gZev`| cwðgx mgv‡R GL‡bv
b„ksm , ¶wZKi A‡bK Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q; GKB mv‡_ b¨vq
I kvwš—i ms¯‹…wZI we`¨gvb ; hvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q L„÷a‡g©i
gvnvZœ¨| Avm‡j g~j we‡iva cwðgv wek¦ I Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨
bq| cÖPwjZ g‡Zi wei“‡× wM‡q ejv hvq , cwðgv I
Bmjvgx we‡k¦i avwg©K gvbyl‡ì mv‡_ g~j we‡iva n‡jv
†fvMev`x , bvw¯—K I WviDB‡bi µgweeZ©bev` I
gZev‡ì wek¦vmx‡ì g‡a¨|
Z„Zxq we‡k¦i a‡g©vb¥ËZvi mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi †Kvb m¤úK©
†bB| Gi c‡¶ Av‡iKwU hyw³ n‡jv , a‡g©vb¥ËZv‡K GB
wKQzw`b Av‡M ch©š— mvgëv`x gZev‡ì mv‡_B GK K‡i
†`Lv n‡Zv| †mvwf‡qZ mgw_©Z cwðgv we‡ivax KwgDwbó
`j lvU I mË‡ii `k‡K cwðgv †`k¸wji wei“‡× mš¿vm
Ki‡Zv| KwgDwbó Av`k© hLb †_‡K ¤−vb nIqv ïi“ K‡i,
ZLb †h mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv GB me KwgDwbó `j‡K Rb¥
w`‡qwQj , Zviv Bmjv‡gi w`‡K bRi †`q| mv‡eK
KwgDwbó Av`‡k©i g‡a¨ wKQz Bmjvgx aviYv I cÖZx‡Ki
ms‡hvM NwU‡q GLb Ôa‡g©i bv‡g ee©iZvÕ Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q|
GUv Bmjv‡gi g~j bxwZi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ|
GB wel‡q †kl gš—e¨ n‡jv , Bmjvg †Kvb wbw`©ó †`k ev
RvwZi Kv‡Q A™¢yZ wKQz bq| AvwacZëv`x cwðgv kw³i
gZev‡ì wec‡¶ ejv hvq , Bmjvg ïay Ô cÖv‡Pï ag© ev
ms¯‹…wZ Õ bq| Bmjvg mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi Kv‡Q mªóvi
g‡bvbxZ P~ovš— ag©gZ wnmv‡e G‡m‡Q| me gvbyl‡K Bmjvg
m‡Zï c_ †`Lvq | gymjgvb‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv GB mZ¨
a‡g©i `vIqvZ me RvwZi , me gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv

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Ges Zviv †hb Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ GKvZœZv Ab~fe Ki‡Z
cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ †Póv Kiv|
me gvby‡li Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi †mŠ›`h©¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z n‡e ,
hv‡Z gvbyl cÖK…Z Bmjvg Kx Zv eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges
Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Z cv‡i| hviv Bmjv‡gi bv‡g
mš¿vm‡K Avkªq Ki‡Q , we‡k¦ AZ¨vPv‡ii ivR¡Z¡ Kv‡qg
K‡i‡Q Ges c„w_ex‡K Av‡iv my›ì Kivi e`‡j GKwU
fqsKi ¯’v‡b cwiYZ K‡i‡Q , Zv‡ì Rb¨ Bmjv‡gi
`vIqvZ GKwU PgrKvi mgvavb n‡Z cv‡i|
mgv‡R AvZsK I AvKw¯§K fxwZ m„wó Kiv n‡jv mš¿v‡mi
Ab¨Zg c×wZ:
mš¿vmx Avµg‡Yi wkKvi wnmv‡e †h †Kvb eqm I a‡g©i
gvbyl‡K †e‡Q †bqv n‡jv mš¿v‡mi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨|
mš¿v‡mi fxwZ mevi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q covi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv
GB †h, mš¿vmxiv wbwe©Pv‡i Avµg‡Yi j¶ë¯Ë wnmv‡e †h
†Kvb mgq , †h KvD‡K †e‡Q †bq| d‡j †KD-B wb‡R‡K
wbivc` g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
hLb GKRb gvbyl Rv‡b †h, †Kvb KviY QvovB †m mš¿vmx
Avµg‡Yi j¶ë¯Ë n‡Z cv‡i, ZLb mš¿vmx‡ì KvQ †_‡K
†m wb‡R‡K wbivc` g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| m¤¢ve¨ AvµgY
†_‡K wb‡R‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ GKRb †Kvb cÖwZ‡iva M‡o
Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv; †Kbbv mš¿vmxiv wb‡R‡ì B”QvgZ, hLb-
ZLb , †hLv‡b-‡mLv‡b mš¿vm K‡i| Gfv‡e GKwU mgv‡R
†¯^”QvPvix AvµgY †Kvb c~e©-ms‡KZ bv w`‡qB NUv‡bv
nq|
ivRbxwZ‡Z Pig gZev‡ì ‡`vl-ÎywU ev fyj w`K:
mš¿vm wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi mgq Av‡iKwU gZ Avgv‡ì
cix¶v K‡i †`Lv ìKvi| Zvn‡jv †iwWK¨vwjRg (
ivRbxwZ‡Z Pig gZev` )| mgv‡R ivZvivwZ Pig
aŸsmvZœK wec−e NUv‡bvi Rb¨ K‡Vvi Av‡cvlnxb bxwZi
cÖ‡qvM‡K mg_©b KivB n‡jv Radicalism (†iwWK¨vwjRg
)|

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GB Pigcš’xiv K‡Vvi bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx ; AvMÖvmx
g‡bvfve n‡jv G‡ì Av‡iKwU PvwiwÎK êwkó¨| cweÎ
KyiAvb Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î gymjgvb‡ì‡K c_
†`Lvq| cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Pig ivR‰bwZK
gZev`‡K Avgiv hw` ch©‡e¶Y Kwi, Zvn‡j †`L‡ev †h
Avj−vn& Avgv‡ì‡K †hfv‡e Pj‡Z e‡j‡Qb Zvi mv‡_ GB
gZev‡ì †Kvb wgj †bB|
Avj−vn KyiAv‡b wek¦vmx‡ì wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb f`ª, bgª , kvwš—
wcÖq gvbyl wnmv‡e hviv Akvwš— Avi Kjn †_‡K `~‡i
_v‡K ; Pig kÎ“fvevcbœ gvby‡li mv‡_I eÜzi gZ K_v
e‡j| G e¨cv‡i KyiAv‡bi GKwU D`vniY Avgv‡ì Av‡iv
w`K-wb‡`©kbv †`q| Avj−vn nhiZ gymv (Av:) I nhiZ
nvi“Y ( Av: ) †K †divD‡bi Kv‡Q wM‡q my›ìfv‡e Zvi
mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z Av‡`k) †`b Ô †Zvgiv `yÕR‡b ( Awej‡¤^)
†divD‡bi Kv‡Q P‡j hvI , †Kbbv †m gvivZœKfv‡e mxgv
jsNb K‡i‡Q| (†n`vqvZ ‡ck Kivi mgq) †Zvgiv Zvi
mv‡_ bgªZvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡e, n‡Z cv‡i †m †Zvgv‡ì
Dc‡`k Keyj Ki‡e A_ev ( Avgvi ) fq Ki‡e ( myiv Zv nv
20: 43-44)|
AZ¨vPvix ev`kvn †divDb wQj †mB mg‡qi me‡P‡q wbôzi I
we‡`ªvnx Awek¦vmx‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| GK Avj−vn‡K A¯^xKvi
K‡i †m A‡bK †è-‡èxi c~Rv Ki‡Zv| hviv Avj−vn‡Z
wek¦vm ivL‡Zv ( H mg‡q wgm‡i Aew¯’Z BmivCj‡ì )
Dci †divDb AK_¨ AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Zv| GK Avj−vn‡Z
wek¦vmx A‡bK ag©cÖvY gvbyl‡K †divDb wbg©g wbh©vZb K‡i
†g‡i †d‡jwQj| ZeyI Avj−vn Zuvi bex‡ì‡K (`:) Av‡`k
w`‡qwQ‡jb Ggb GK wbôzi , wnsmª ¯^fv‡ei gvby‡li
Kv‡Q wM‡q bgªfv‡e K_v ej‡Z| KyiAvb fvj K‡i co‡j
†h †KD eyS‡Z cvi‡e, Avj−vn †h c_ †`wL‡q‡Qb Zvn‡jv
eÜzZ¡c~Y© msjvc-----K‡Vvi evK¨ , D‡ËRbvc~Y© †k−vMvb
, A_ev AvMÖvmx Av‡›`vjb bq| Ggb Av‡iv wKQz D`vniY
Av‡Q hv gymjgvb‡ì‡K c_ †`Lvq wKfv‡e Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z n‡e| KyiAv‡bi 11bs myivq ejv n‡q‡Q , nhiZ
kyÔAvqe (Av:) gvbyl‡K `x‡bi `vIqvZ w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges
D”P ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb|

53
53
bex kyÔAvqe (Av: ) Gme K‡iwQ‡jb eÜzZ¡c~Y© Dcv‡q I
bgªZvi mv‡_ ; myiv û‡ì wewfbœ Avqv‡Z ewY©Z NUbvi
KviY Avgiv Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvwi ( 11: 84-88)|
hLb kyÔAvqe (Av: ) ej‡jb, .....Ô Avi Avwg †Zv
†Zvgv‡ì cvnviv`vi bBÕ, ZLb wZwb eywS‡q‡Qb †h wZwb
Zuv‡ì Dci AvwacZ¨ we¯—vi Ki‡Z Pvb bv; Zuvi GKgvÎ
B”Qv n‡jv Avj−vnÕi KvQ †_‡K †h mZ¨ Zuvi Kv‡Q
G‡m‡Q , †m m¤ú‡K© gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡bv| Ô Avcwb †Zv
GKRb ‰ah©kxj I fvj gvbylÕ---GB K_v Awek¦vmxiv
e‡jwQj nhiZ kyÔAvqe (Av: ) †K| G‡Z ‡evSv hvq ,
kyÔAvqe (Av:) Gi eënvi GZ f`ª I eÜzZ¡c~Y© wQj †h
Awek¦vmxivI Zuvi fvj eënv‡ii cÖksmv bv K‡i cv‡i wb|
Ô‡n Avgvi KIg, †Zvgiv wK †f‡e †`‡L‡Qv ? Õ-- kyÔAvqe
(Av: ) Gi GB cÖkœ Avgv‡ì eywS‡q w`‡”Qb wZwb †mB me
gvbyl‡ì wb‡R‡ì wePvi-eyw× LvUv‡Z e‡j‡Qb|
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq , kyÔAvqe (Av:) Zuv‡ì mv‡_ †R` K‡ib wb
ev Zv‡ì Dci Pvc m„wó K‡ib wb; eis Zv‡ì g‡Zi
wei“‡× †_‡KI bgªfv‡e AvnŸvY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì‡K
Avj−vnÕi c‡_ Avmvi Rb¨ my›ìfv‡e `vIqvZ w`‡q‡Qb hv‡Z
Zviv m‡Zï WvK‡K we‡ePbv K‡i|
¯^vaxbfv‡e wPš—v K‡i wb‡Ri we‡eK LvwU‡q wm×vš— wb‡Z
bex kyÔAvqe (Av:) gvbyl‡K Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jb| Ô Avi
Avwg PvB bv †h, †Zvgv‡ì‡K hv Ki‡Z gvbv Kwi Avwg
wb‡RB †m KvR KwiÕ--- bex kyÔAvqe (Av: )Gi GB K_v
g~jZ: wb‡lavÁv bq ; wZwb e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb †h wKQz AvPiY
n‡jv cvc Ges gvbyl‡K AvnŸvY K‡i‡Qb †hb Zviv †m¸wj
bv K‡i| hLb bex kyÔAvqe (Av: ) ej‡jb , Ô Avwg
†Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× bB Õ , ZLb wZwb eywS‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì
mv‡_ ZK©-weZK©-Kj‡n wjß nIqvi †Kvb B”Qv Zuvi †bB;
wZwb Zv‡ì‡K A¯^w¯—‡Z †dj‡Z Pvb bv Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨
†Kvb SMov-weev` m„w÷ †nvK& ZvI wZwb Pvb bv| wZwb kyayy
Zv‡ì‡K m‡Zï c‡_i `vIqvZ w`‡Z Pvb Ges D”P ˆbwZK
AvPiY †hb Zviv K‡i †mRb¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib|

54
54
KyiAvb kixd ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡j Avgiv †`wL me bex
I ivmyj (`: ) wQ‡jb f`ª, bgª , âh©kxj I eÜzZ¡c~Y©
AvPi‡Yi AwaKvix| myiv ZIevq Avj−vn bex Beivnxg
(Av:) m¤ú‡K© eY©bv K‡ib , Ô AZ¨š— †Kvgj ü`‡qi
AwaKvix I mnbkxj wnmv‡e ( myiv ZIev, 9: 114)|
KyiAv‡bi Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:) Gi
ˆbwZKZvi eY©bv G‡m‡Q Gfv‡e, Ô GUv Avj−vnÕi GK (Amxg)
`qv †h , Zzwg G‡ì mv‡_ wQ‡j †Kvgj cÖK…wZi ( Gi wecixZ
) hw` Zzwg wbôzi I cvlvY ü`‡qi gvbyl n‡Z , Zvn‡j Gme
†jv‡Kiv †Zvgvi Avkcvk †_‡K m‡i †h‡Zv| AZGe Zzwg
G‡ì Acivamg~n gvd K‡i `vI , G‡ì Rb¨ Avj−vnÕi
Kv‡Q ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡iv Ges KvRK‡g©i e¨vcv‡i G‡ì mv‡_
civgk© K‡iv......(myiv Bgivb; 3:159)|
GKRb gymjgvb †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Pig ivM †`Lv‡e bv|
GKRb gymjgvb Ab¨‡ì †_‡K ïay GUvB PvB‡e †h Zviv
†hb GK mªóvq wek¦vm K‡i Ges ˆbwZK AvPiY K‡i; wKš‘
GUv ïay Avj−vnÕi Ki“Yvi Dci wbf©ikxj| Avgiv hZB
†Póv Kwi bv †Kb gvby‡li Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ ev
mZ¨‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z ; Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hZ e¨vL¨vB †`B bv †Kb
, gvby‡li g‡bi Dci KZ…©Z¡ GKgvÎ Avj−vniB| Avj−vn
KyiAv‡b GB M~i“Z¡c~Y© m‡Zï K_v gymjgvb‡ì g‡b Kwi‡q
w`‡q‡Qb, Ô hw` KyiAv‡bi (A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv ) w`‡q cvnvo‡K
MwZkxj K‡i †`qv †h‡Zv wKsev c„w_ex‡K we`xY© K‡i †`qv
n‡Zv A_ev (Zv w`‡q ) hw` giv gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ejv
†h‡Zv, ( ZeyI GB bv-digvb gvbyl¸‡jv Cgvb Avb‡Zv bv )
wKš‘ mg¯— ¶gZv GKgvÎ Avj−vniB nv‡Z; AZ:ci
Cgvb`viiv ( GK_v †R‡b ) wK wbivk n‡q co‡jv †h, Avj−vn
PvB‡j mgMÖ gvbe mš—vb‡KB †n`vqvZ w`‡Z cvi‡Zb....... (
myiv Avi ivÕ` ; 13:31)|
Av‡iKwU Avqv‡ZI GB wel‡qi cÖwZ M~i“Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q....
Ò ( †n bex ); †Zvgvi gvwjK PvB‡j G c„w_ex‡Z h‡Zv gvbyl
Av‡Q, Zviv mevB Cgvb Avb‡Zv| ( wKš‘ wZwb Zv Pvbwb,
ZvQvov) Zzwg wK †Rvi Rei`w¯— K‡i PvB‡e †h, Zviv mevB
gywgb n‡q hvK ? Õ ( myiv BDbym ; 10: 99)|

55
55
ZvB gymjgvb‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv ïay m‡Zï evYx gvby‡li
Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Avi Zv‡ì‡K mZ¨ Keyj Ki‡Z my›ìfv‡e
AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv| gvbyl m‡Zï `vIqvZ‡K Keyj Ki‡e wK
bv, Zv GKvš—B Zvi wb‡Ri eyw×-we‡ePbvi e¨cvi| Avj−vn
KyiAv‡b GB mZ¨ Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb †h a‡g© †Kvb †Rvi-
Rei`w¯— †bB...Ô ( Avj−vnÕi ) `x‡bi e¨vcv‡i ‡Kvb †Rvi-
Rei`w¯— †bB; ( KviY ) mZ¨ wg_¨v †_‡K cwi®‹vi n‡q
wM‡q‡Q; †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Zv¸Z‡K A¯^xKvi
K‡i Avj−vnÕi ( †`qv Rxeb Av`‡k©i ) Dci Cgvb Av‡b ,
†m †hb Gi gva¨‡g Ggb GK kw³kvjx iwk ai‡jv hv
†Kvbw`bB wQ‡o hvevi bq| Avj−vn me wKQzB ï‡bb Ges
me wKQzB Rv‡bb| Ó (myiv evKviv,2:256)| †mRb¨
Agymwjg‡ì †Rvi K‡i gymjgvb evbv‡bv hv‡e bv; ev
KvD‡K Avj−vnÕi Bev`Z Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kej
Dc‡`k w`‡Z n‡e , my›ì K‡i eySv‡Z n‡e|
nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `:) †K Avj−vn K‡qKwU Avqv‡Z e‡j
w`‡q‡Qb †h , gymjgvbiv AZ¨vPvix bq...Ô ( †n bex ) Zviv
hv K_vevZ©v e‡j , Zvi me wKQzB Avwg Rvwb, Zzwg †Zv
Zv‡ì Dci †Rvi- Rei`w¯— Kivi †KD bI---Gici GB
KyiAvb w`‡q Zzwg †mB e¨w³‡K mr Dc‡`k `vI , †h
Avgvi kvw¯—‡K fq K‡i; myiv Kvd ( 50: 45)| ( †n bex )
; Zzwg e‡jv , †n gvbyl ; †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡ì gvwj‡Ki
KvQ †_‡K mZ¨ ( `xb ) G‡m‡Q ; AZGe , †h †n`vqv‡Zi c_
Aej¤^b Ki‡e , †m †Zv Zvi wb‡Ri fv‡jvi Rb¨B
†n`vqv‡Zi c‡_ Pj‡e , Avi †h †Mvgivn ( c_fªó ) †_‡K
hv‡e , †m †Zv †Mvgivnxi Dci Pjvi Kvi‡YB †Mvgivn
n‡q hv‡e | Avwg †Zv †Zvgv‡ì Dci Kg©weavqK bB; (
myiv BDbym ; 10: 108)|
bxwZMZfv‡e gymjgvb‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv †Kej wbR ag©‡K
e¨vL¨v Kiv, Kv‡iv Dci †Rvi-Rei`w¯— Kiv bq| gymjgvbiv
Avj−vnÕi KvQ †_‡K Av‡`kcÖvß †h me‡P‡q Ab¨vq
eënviKvix gvby‡li Kv‡QI f`ª, bgªfv‡e Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ
†cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z n‡e|
gymjgvbiv KL‡bvB Pigcš’x n‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv,
gymjgvb‡ì †h me ¸Y KyiAv‡b ejv Av‡Q Pigcš’x‡ì
êwkó¨ †m m‡ei wecixZ| Aek¨B , Pigcš’x bxwZ I
gZev` A‰bmjvwgK Ges BmjvwgK we‡k¦ GUv cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q
evB‡i †_‡K| wewfbœ mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv cix¶v Ki‡j

56
56
Avgiv †`L‡ev, GB me Pig gZev` I †NvlYv AZx‡Z
KwgDwbóiv A_ev ag© m¤ú‡K© AZ¨š— †Muvov I DMÖ hyw³nxb ,
w¶ß ¯^fv‡ei gvby‡liv eënvi K‡i‡Q| Gm‡ei †Kvb ¯’vb
Bmjv‡g †bB .....Ô ( G Kvi‡YB ) hLb GB Kv‡diiv
wb‡R‡ì g‡b Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi J×Z¨ Rwg‡q wb‡qwQj ,
ZLb ( Zv‡ì †gvKv‡ejvq ) Avj−vn Zuvi ivmy‡ji Dci
I ( Zuvi mv_x ) gywgb‡ì Dci GK gvbwmK cÖkvwš— bvwhj
K‡i w`‡jb, ( GB Ae¯’vqI ) wZwb Zuv‡ì Avj−vn‡K fq
K‡i Pjvi bxwZi Dci Kv‡qg ivL‡jb, ( g~jZ ) ZvivB
wQ‡jv ( Avj−vnÕi c¶ †_‡K cÖkvwš— cvIqvi ) AwaKZi
†hvM¨ I Dchy³ e¨w³ , Avj−vnZvjv me wKQzi e¨vcv‡iB
h_v_© Ávb iv‡Lb Ó ( myiv dvZvn ; 48: 26)|
gymjgvb gvÎB DMÖ, Av‡cvlnxb , Kjng~jK g‡bvfve‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡e| †Kbbv, GB DMÖ g‡bvfve KyiAv‡bi
wk¶vi wecixZ| Gi e`‡j gymjgvbiv eÜzZ¡c~Y© , bgª ,
mnbkxj , kvwš—c~Y© I mnvbyf~wZkxj gvbwmKZv‡K MÖnY
Ki‡e| gymjgvbiv c„w_exi gvby‡li mvg‡b wb‡R‡ì‡K
my›ì D`vniY wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e ; hv‡Z Zuv‡ì
cwic° gvbwmKZv, âh© , cÖMwZkxjZv , f`ªZv I kvwš—
wcÖqZvi cÖksmv mevB K‡i| gymjgvbiv m‡e©v”P my›ì
Dcv‡q Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k©i ev¯—evqb NUv‡e| gymjgvbiv
c„w_ex‡Z Bmjv‡gi cÖwZwbwa| ïay fvj AvPi‡Yi w`K
†_‡KB bq , Rxe‡bi me †¶‡ÎB ‡hgb wk¶v , weÁvb ,
ms¯‹…wZ , bv›`wbK †mŠ›`h© BZ¨vw`‡Z Zuviv Kj¨vYKi Ae`vb
ivL‡e|
Ab¨‡ì Kv‡Q Bmjvg‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv I AccÖPvi
(A‰bmjvwgK gZev` hv Bmjv‡gi bv‡g cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q
†m¸wji ) Kej †_‡K Bmjvg‡K gy³ Kivi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡
gymjgvb‡ìB| Agymwjg‡ì cÖwZ gymjgvb‡ì g‡bvfve I
AvPiY †Kgb n‡e, Zv Avj−vn cweÎ KyiAv‡b Rvwb‡q
w`‡q‡Qb , Ò ( †n bex ); Zzwg †Zvgvi gvwj‡Ki c‡_
( gvbyl‡ì) Ávb I mr Dc‡`k Øviv AvnŸvb K‡iv, ( KL‡bv
Z‡K© †h‡Z n‡j ) Zzwg Ggb GK c×wZ‡Z hyw³ ZK© K‡iv , hv
me‡P‡q DËg Dcvq; †Zvgvi gvwjK fvj K‡iB Rv‡bb †h ,
†K Zuvi c_ †_‡K wec_Mvgx n‡q wM‡q†Q,
( Avevi ) †h e¨w³ ( †n`vqv‡Zi) c‡_ i‡q‡Q wZwb Zuvi
m¤ú‡K©I m¤ú~Y© AewnZ Av‡Qb; (myiv Avb bvnj ; 16: 125
)|

57
57
mš¿v‡mi c×wZ I g‡bv¯—Ë¡:
mb&ªvm ej‡Z mvaviYfv‡e †evSv‡bv nq , KvD‡K wKQz Ki‡Z
eva¨ Kivi Rb¨ fq †`Lv‡bv| cÖvq †¶‡ÎB mš¿vm ej‡Z
Pigcš’x `j¸wji mk¯¿ AvµgY‡KB †evSvq| Z‡e, GLb
Gi †P‡qI e¨vcK A‡_© mb&ªvm wPwýZ n‡”Q| ‡h †Kvb
Amnvq , wbiciva gvbylB GLb mb&ªvmx‡ì ûgwKi gy‡L|
Amnvq gvbyliv AvZs‡Ki g‡a¨ w`b KvUvq| GUvI GK
ai‡Yi mbªvm| Ggbfv‡e fq †`Lv‡bv nq hv‡Z gvbyl eva¨
nq wbw`©ó †Kvb wPš—v I AvPiY AbymiY Ki†Z| fq
†`wL‡q KvD‡K wKQz Kivi Rb¨ eva¨ Ki‡Z †h mš¿vm
Pvjv‡bv nq , Zvi wkKvi nq Amnvq bvMwiKiv|
mš¿vmx msMVY¸wj mg_©b Av`v‡qi Rb¨B mb&ªvmx Kg©KvÛ
cwiPvjbv K‡i| Zviv wnmve K‡l mb&ªvmx Avµg‡Yi
cwiKíbv K‡i hv‡Z Zv‡ì Av`k© ev¯Zevq‡b wKQz ev me
gvby‡li mg_©b cvIqv hvq| mvaviYZ mš¿vm ej‡Z gvbyl
cÖ_‡gB Ô mvgëv`xÕ ev KwgDwbó `j¸wji mš¿vm‡KB
eySv‡Zv| Z‡e GLb Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸wj‡Z Ges
GKbvqKZš¿ i‡q‡Q ‡hLv‡b †m me †`‡k GK ai‡bi
mb&ªvm †`Lv hvq| KwgDwbó `j¸wj †h ai‡Yi mš¿v‡mi
†KŠkj MÖnY K‡i, GKbvqKivI mš¿v‡mi †KŠkj‡K cÖ‡qvM
K‡i| GKRb GKbvqK I Zvi `j n‡jv wbh©vZbKvix ; Zviv
ïay wb‡R‡ì ¯^v‡_© ¶gZvi Aceënvi K‡i| GB Kvi‡Y
wewfbœ mvgvwRK we‡¶vf I Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡LvgywL nq Giv|
ZLb GB GKbvqKiv cvëv eë¯’v wnmv‡e mš¿vm I
wbh©vZ‡bi Avkªq †bq ; hv‡Z mevB‡K †evSv‡bv hvq †h ,
we‡ivax `j †_‡K Zviv †ekx kw³kvjx| mb&ªv‡mi gva¨‡g
¶gZvi `vcU †`wL‡q Zviv gvbyl‡K fq cvB‡q †`q Ges
wb‡R‡ì ¶gZv‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx K‡i|
mš¿vmx `jMywj `vex K‡i †h , Zviv GB me GKbvqK I
ˆ¯îvPvix kvmK‡ì ¶gZv †_‡K miv‡Z Pvq; †Kbbv GB
kvmKiv A‰eafv‡e ¶gZvq G‡m‡Q I ¶gZvi Aceënvi
Ki‡Q ; GQvov Giv AZ¨š— wbôzi cÖK…wZi kvmK| ZvB ¶gZv
†_‡K G‡ì miv‡j RbM‡Yi `y:L Kg‡e , msMVb¸wji
Avkv c~iY n‡e †h AZ¨vPvixi kvmbKvj †kl n‡q‡Q | hwÌ
Zv‡ì GB `vex mwZ¨ bq| hviv GiKg wPš—v K‡i, cweÎ
KyiAv‡bi myiv evKvivq Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K GB wb‡`©k
w`‡q‡Qb, Ô Avi hLb Zv‡ì ejv nq †h, `ywbqvq †Zvgiv
Akvwš— m„wó K‡iv bv, ZLb Zviv e‡j , Avgiv †Zv †Kej

58
58
kvwš— ¯’vcbKvix ; mveavb, ZvivB Akvwš— m„wóKvix , wKš‘
Zvi Zv eyS‡Z cv‡i bv ( myiv evKviv; 2:11-12)|
mš¿vmx‡ì Rb¨ gvbyl‡K Lyb Kiv n‡jv GKwU Rxebeë¯’v|
Zviv we›`ygvÎ Ki“Yv bv K‡i wbiciva gvbyl‡K ¸wj K‡i
†g‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i , ev”Pv‡ì Dci †evgv Qzo‡Z cv‡i| i³
Siv‡bvi g‡a¨B mš¿vmx‡ì Rb¨ Avb›` i‡q‡Q| Zviv
wb‡R‡ì‡K Avi gvby‡li ch©v‡q iv‡L wb; eis Amf¨
Rv‡bvqv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| G‡ì g‡a¨ †KD hw` gvby‡li
cÖwZ mvgvb¨ Ki“YvI †`Lv‡Z Pvq , Zvn‡j mš¿vmxiv Zv‡K
fxi“, Kvcyi“l , wek¦vmNvZK wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i Ges Ac`¯’
K‡i| KL‡bv ¯’vbxq `jv`wji Kvi‡Y g~j `‡ji m`mïv
wb‡RivB G‡K A‡bï cÖwZ e›`yK Zz‡j a‡i I hy‡× wjß
nq| †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, mš¿vm Avi wKQzB bv eis gvby‡li i³
Siv‡bvi GKwU wbôzi Dcvq| †h G‡K mg_©b K‡i †m Avm‡j
GKwU Aïf kqZvbx eë¯’v‡K mg_©b Ki‡Q|
hw` †Kvb mb&ªvmx a‡g©i eywj I cÖZxK eënvi K‡i, Z‡e Zv
†hb KvD‡K cÖZvwiZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| †h me mš¿vmx ag©‡K
eënvi Ki‡Q Zviv wØ¸Y Acivax| †Kbbv, Zviv a‡g©i bv‡g
Amnvq gvby‡li i³ Siv‡”Q Avi Ab¨vq Kv‡R ag©‡K eënvi
K‡i g~jZ: ag©we‡ivax cÖPviYv‡K †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨
Ki‡Q|
ag© I mb&ªvm G‡K A‡bï m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| mb&ªv‡mi bxwZ
n‡jv AvMÖvmb , nZ¨v , Kjn , wbôziZv I `y‡f©vM| wKš‘
cweÎ KyiAv‡bi bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K G me n‡jv wbh©vZb|
Avj−vn wb‡`©k †`b kvwš— , GKZv , fvj B”Qv , Av‡cvl I
mg‡SvZv| Avj−vn mš¿vm‡K wb‡la K‡ib Ges †h me KvR
kvwš— cÖwZôvi c‡_ euvav †mmeI wZwb wb‡la K‡ib| Gme
Akvwš—i Rb¨ hviv `vqx Zv‡ì‡K Avj−vn wb›`v K‡i‡Qb--
-ÔAvi hviv Avj−vni mv‡_ `„p kc_ Kivi ci Zv f½ K‡i
Ges †h m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z Avj−vn Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb Zv wQbœ
K‡i , Avi c„w_ex‡Z Akwš— m„wó K‡i †eovq , Zv‡ìB Rb¨
i‡q‡Q Awfkvc I wbK…ó cwiYvg ( myiv iv`, 13:25)|
mš¿vmx Avi Zvi mg_©K‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU mvaviY wgj n‡jv †h
, Avj−vni cÖwZ fq I fvjevmv G‡ì ARvbv| G‡ì gb
AZ¨š— KwVb Ges Giv AvwZœKfv‡e Amy¯’| KyiAv‡b
Avj−vn G gvbyl‡ì m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, Ô Avi Zzwg { nhiZ
gynv¤§v` (`: )} Ggb gvby‡li AbymiY Ki‡e bv, †h K_vq K_vq
Kmg K‡i, †h nxb cÖK…wZi ; †h gvby‡li e`bvg I

59
59
†PvMjLyix K‡i †eovq ; †h †bK Kv‡R euvav †`q , †h mxgv
jsNbKvix , †h gnvcvcx , †h i“¶ ¯^fve I KzL¨vZ Õ( myiv
Kvjvg, 68:10-13)|
A_©nxb we‡`ªvn Avi Ab¨vq KvR‡K Avj−vn wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|
eZ©gvb mg‡q Avgiv †h mš¿vm Avi AivRKZv †`wL Zv
Bmjv‡g m¤ú~Y© wbwl× | cweÎ KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q , Ô
e‡jv , Avgvi ie nvivg K‡i‡Qb hveZxq cÖKvk¨ I AcÖKvk¨
Ak−xjZv , cvc KvR , AmsMZ we‡ivaxZv , Avj−vnÕi mv‡_
Ggb wKQz kixK Kiv hvi †Kvb cÖgvY wZwb bvwhj K‡ib wb
Ges Avj−vnÕi cÖwZ Ggb K_v Av‡ivc Kiv hv †Zvgiv Rv‡bv
bv ( myiv Avivd , 7:33)|
mb&ªvm: mb&ªvmx‡ì AccÖPv‡ii Ab¨Zg M~iƒZ¡c~Y© nvwZqvi
mš¿vmxiv wbR `‡ji c‡¶ cÖPvi Pvjv‡Z mš¿vm‡K GKwU
†KŠkj wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| wbiciva gvbyl‡K Lyb Ki‡j
, e¨vsK WvKvwZ Ki‡j , KvD‡K wR¤§x Ki‡j ev †evgv
gvi‡j Zv‡ì `‡ji bvg I Zviv †Kvb Av`‡k© wek¦vmx
†mm‡ei cÖPvi nq| j¶, †KvwU eyK‡jU ev cÖPvicÎ
Qvcv‡j †hUzKz cwiwPwZ Zviv jvf K‡i , Zvi †_‡K A‡bK ¸Y
†ekx cÖPvi Zviv cvq ˆbivR¨ m„wó K‡i gvÎ GKw`‡b |
†Kvb we‡eKm¤úbœ gvbyl hvi g‡a¨ mnvbyf~wZ , ¶gv , âh©
Ges msnwZ‡eva i‡q‡Q , Zvi Kv‡Q mš¿vmx‡ì GB g‡bvfve
A‡Pbv g‡b n‡e| KziAv‡bi wk¶vi mv‡_I mš¿vmx‡ì GB
AvPi‡Yi †Kvb wgj †bB| †h mgv‡R ag© -we‡ivax Av`‡k©i
cÖfve i‡q‡Q, †mLv‡bB †Kej GB ai‡Yi A‰bwZK
gvbwmKZv I Kv‡Ri mg_©b jvf Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB G ai‡Yi
Aïf kw³ I Ab¨vq †_‡K gvbyl‡K i¶vi GKgvÎ Dcvq
n‡jv KziAv‡bi wk¶v‡K Rxeb eë¯’v wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv|
Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ KyiAv‡bi `„wóf½x:

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Av‡gwiKvi wei“‡× mš¿vm wb‡q K_v ejvi mgq Av‡iKwU
M~i“Z¡c~Y© welq Av‡jvPbvq ¯’vb cvq; Zvn‡jv cwðgv wek¦ I
BmjvwgK ev gymwjg we‡k¦i m¤úK©| beŸB‡qi `k‡K wKQz
eyw×Rxex gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h Bmjvg I cwðgv we‡k¦i g‡a¨
GKwU D‡`¨vM MÖnY wek¦evmxi cvIbv n‡q Av‡Q| GUvB n‡jv
m¨vgy‡qj nvw›Us‡mi weL¨vZ M‡eYvg~jK cÖeÜ ‘ The Clash of
Civilisation’ ev mf¨Zvi msN‡l©i g~j welq| Z‡e weL¨vZ
†jLK I wPš—vwe` GWIqvW© mvC` †hgbwU e‡j‡Qb G‡K eis
Ô AÁZvi msNl© Õ ejvB fvj| GB AÁZv GKwU KvíwbK
wPÎbv‡Uï Dci cÖwZwôZ hvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q GB `yB we‡k¦i
wKQz Pigcš’x I AÁ `j¸wji evovevwoi Kvi‡Y| G‡ì
ag©we‡ivax AvPiY‡K AwZiwÁZ K‡i GB fyj gZev`wU cÖPvi
Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ , cwðgv I Bmjvgx we‡k¦i g‡a¨ †Kvb
msNl© n‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv, Bqvn~`x I L„÷ a‡g©i g~j
wek¦vm Ges cwðgv mf¨Zv †h gZev‡ì Dci cÖwZwôZ ,
†mme Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ my›ìfv‡e Lvc Lvq|
KyiAv‡b Bqvn~`x I L„÷vb ‡ì ÔÔ Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei
gvbylÕÕ e‡j eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv, G‡ì Kv‡Q
Avj−vnÕi KvQ †_‡K cweÎ wKZve G‡m‡Q | ZvB G‡ì
cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi `„wóf½x h_v_© Ges mnvbyfywZm¤úbœ|
Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ GB b¨v‡qi g‡bvfve
M‡o D‡V Bmjv‡gi cÖwZôvi eQi¸wj‡Z| Bmjv‡gi
Rb¥j‡Mœ gymwjgiv wQj msL¨vjNy; Zuviv wb‡R‡ì wek¦vm‡K
euvwP‡q ivL‡Z msMÖvg KiwQj| g°vi †cŠËwjK‡ì Øviv
gymwjgiv bvbv AZ¨vPv‡ii wkKvi nq| GB wbôzi AZ¨vPvi
†_‡K i¶v †c‡Z wKQz gymjgvb g°v †Q‡o `~i †`‡k †Kvb
b¨vq-civqb kvm‡Ki Aax‡b P‡j †h‡Z gb¯’ K‡i| nhiZ
gynv¤§v` (`: ) Zuv‡ì‡K Bw_Iwcqvi L„÷vb kvm‡Ki iv‡R¨
Avkªq wb‡Z civgk© †`b| †h me gymwjg Bw_Iwcqvq
wnRiZ K‡ib , Zuviv †mLvbKvi kvmbeë¯’v‡K AZ¨š—
mbkxj I h_v_© wnmv‡e cvq| gymwjg‡ì‡K †mLv‡b kª×v I
fvjevmvi mv‡_ MÖnY Kiv nq|
g°vi †cŠËwjKiv GB L„÷vb kvm‡Ki Kv‡Q GKwU
cÖwZwbwa `j cvVvq †hb wZwb g°v †_‡K cvwj‡q Avmv
gymwjg‡ì GB `‡ji Kv‡Q n¯—vš—i K‡ib| L„÷vb ivRv
†cŠËwjK‡ì GB `vex AMÖvn¨ K‡ib Ges †NvlYv K‡ib †h
gymwjgiv ¯^vaxbfv‡e Zuvi iv‡R¨ _vK‡Z cvi‡e|
L„÷vb‡ì GB mnvyf~wZ , `qv I b¨vq-civqbZvi g‡bvfve‡K
cweÎ KyiAv‡b eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e , Ô......Avi
gvby‡li g‡a¨ gywgb‡ì mv‡_ eÜz‡Z¡ †ekx Kv‡Q cv‡e hviv
e‡j -Avgiv †Zv bvmviv (L„÷vb )| KviY , Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Q

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A‡bK Av‡jg I msmvi- weivMx ì‡ek| Avi Zuviv
AnsKviI K‡i bvÕ ( myiv gvwq`v, 5: 82)|
gymjgvb I Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ wek¦vm I
g~j¨‡ev‡ai wgj:
wewfbœ w`K wePvi K‡i ejv hvq , L„÷vb I gymjgvb‡ì
wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ A‡bK wgj i‡q‡Q| Bqvn~`x ‡ì A‡bK
ag©xq wek¦vmI Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© | KyiAv‡b ejv
n‡q‡Q gymwjg‡ì g‡Zv Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvby‡livI GKB
wek¦vm iv‡L | Avj−vn KyiAv‡b wb‡`©k †`b ,Ô‡Zvgiv
hyw³m½Z DËg c×wZ Qvov wKZvex‡ì mv‡_ ZK© Ki‡e bv ,
Z‡e Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv mxgv jsNbKvix Zv‡ì mv‡_ Ki‡Z
cv‡iv Ges e‡jv , Avgiv Cgvb ivwL Avgv‡ì cªwZ hv bvwhj
Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z Ges †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ hv bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q
Zv‡ZI; Avi Avgv‡ì gvey` I †Zvgv‡ì gvey` †Zv GKB
Ges Avgiv †Zv ZuviB cÖwZ AvZœmgc©bKvix Õ( myiv
AvbKveyZ, 29: 46)|
GB wZb gnvb a‡g©i cÖK…Z Abymvixiv wek¦vm K‡ib †h :
--mªóv GB cy‡iv gnvwek¦‡K k~b¨ †_‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges
wZwb me wKQzi wbqš¿K Ges me©kw³gvb;
---mªóv gvbyl‡K I me cÖvYx‡K A‡jŠwKKfv‡e m„wó
K‡i‡Qb Ges gvbyl Zuvi mªóvi KvQ †_‡K AvZœv jvf
K‡i‡Q ;
---g„Zy¨ cieZ©x Rxeb , †e‡nkZ I †`vhL , †d‡ikZvq Giv
wek¦vmx| mªóv wbw`©ó wbqwZ w`‡q gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb |
----hxï L„÷ ev nhiZ Cmv ( Av:) , nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:)
QvovI mªóv Av‡iv A‡bK bex I ivmyj (`: ) cvwV‡q‡Qb|
†hgb, nhiZ b~n (Av:), nhiZ Beivnxg (Av:), nhiZ BmnvK
( Av:), nhiZ BDmyd ( Av:) | cÖK…Z avwg©Kiv mªóvi cvVv‡bv
GB me bex‡ì‡KB fvjev‡mb |
gymjgvbiv bex‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ K‡i bv| GB
welqwU KyiAv‡b G‡m‡Q Gfv‡e, Ô ivmyj Cgvb G‡b‡Qb H
me wel‡qi Dci hv Zuvi cÖwZ bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q Zuvi
cvjbKZ©vi c¶ †_‡K Ges gywgbivI Cgvb G‡b‡Q| Zviv
mevB Cgvb G‡b‡Q Avj−vnÕi cÖwZ, Zuvi †d‡ikZv‡ì cÖwZ
, Zuvi wKZvemg~‡ni cÖwZ Ges Zuvi ivm~j‡ì cÖwZ| Zviv

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e‡j , Avgiv Avj−vnÕi ivm~j‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨
Kwi bv| Zuviv Av‡iv e‡j: Avgiv ï‡bwQ Ges gvb¨
K‡iwQ| †n Avgv‡ì ciIqvi‡`Mvi| Avgiv Avcbvi
Kv‡Q ¶gv PvB| Avi Avcbvi Kv‡QB †Zv wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e (
myiv evKviv , 2: 285)|
Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì wek¦vm gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_
m½wZc~Y© ; GUv ïaygvÎ ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡ai †¶‡ÎB bq,
eis ˆbwZKZvi w`K †_‡KI mvgÁm¨c~Y©| eZ©gv‡b
A‰bwZK wewfbœ welq †hgb e¨wfPvi ev ciKxqv †cÖg ,
mgKvwgZv, WªvM‡mi †bkv Ges Ans‡eva I AvZœ‡Kw›`ªKZv ,
wbôziZv BZ¨vw` wek¦gq Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei
gvbyl I gymjgvbiv GKB g~j¨‡ev‡a wek¦vmx; †hgb, m¤§vb ,
cweÎZv, gvbweKZv , AvZœZ¨vM , mZZv, mnvbyf~wZ , ¶gv I
kZ©nxb fvjevmv|
wek¦v‡mi wei“‡× ag©we‡ivax kw³¸wji GK‡RvU nIqv:
bvw¯—K Av`k©ev‡` DØy× wek¦vm¸wj eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ AZ¨š—
cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i‡Q| GB M~i“Z¡c~Y© welqwU L„÷ , Bqvn~`x
I Bmjvg a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì‡K ci¯ú‡ii Kv‡Q G‡b‡Q|
we‡k¦ AZ¨š— mycwiwPZ I ¶wZKi ag©wek¦vmx gZev`¸wji
g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv;Ñ †fvMevw`Zv, Z_vKw_Z mvgëvw`Zv ,
d¨vwmev` ( mgvRZš¿ I mvgëv` we‡ivax gZ), ˆbivRëv` ,
eY©-‰elg¨ , bvBwnwjRg ( mš¿vmev` ev cÖPÛ wec−eev`;
eZ©gvb mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi aŸsmKvgx ) I gvby‡li Aw¯—Z¡
m¤^‡Ü `vk©wbK g‡Z wek¦vmx |
A‡bK gvbyl hviv gnvwe‡k¦i m„wó , gvby‡li I mgv‡Ri m„wó
BZ¨vw` wb‡q wewfbœ wg_¨v gZev` , cÖZviYvg~jK e¨vL¨v I
eY©bvq wek¦vm K‡i‡Q , Zviv wb‡R‡ì a‡g© nq wek¦vm
nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q A_ev m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i‡Q| me‡P‡q eo
K_v , GB me åvš— gZev`¸wj gvbyl, mgvR I RvwZ¸wj‡K
weivU GK wec`, Ø›Ø I hy×-weMÖ‡ni g‡a¨ †U‡b G‡b‡Q|
G‡Z gvbeZvi †h ¶wZ n‡q‡Q , gvbyl †h `y:L, Kó-hš¿Yv
†fvM K‡i‡Q , †mUvi eY©bv Kiv m¤¢e bq| GB me¸wj
gZev` cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q GKwU Z_vKw_Z êÁvwbK Z‡Ë¡i
Dci-----Bsj¨v‡Ûi RxeweÁvbx Pvj©m WviDB‡bi

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weeZ©bev`| GB me gZev‡` wek¦vmx bvw¯—Kiv mª&óv I
mªóvi m„wó‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i|
bvw¯—KZvi Av`‡k©i Dci wfwË K‡i WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev`
cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| GB Z‡Ë¡ `vex Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖvYxi m„wó
n‡q‡Q AvKw¯§Kfv‡e Ges Rxeb msMÖv‡g wjß n‡q| ZvB,
WviDBb Gi ZË¡ gvby‡li Kv‡Q GB fyj evZ©v cvVvq †h:
Zzwg †Zvgvi R‡b¥i Rb¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q K…ZÁ bI| Zywg
AvKw¯§KZvi Kv‡QB FYx| †Zvgv‡K ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨
msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ìKvi co‡j A‡bï Dci
AZ¨vPvi K‡i , Zv‡K `wg‡q n‡jI †Zvgv‡K mvdj¨ jvf
Ki‡Z n‡e| GB c„w_ex n‡jv msMÖvg I wbR ¯^v‡_©i RvqMv|
ÕÕ
WviDB‡bi ZË¡ †_‡K †h me mvgvwRK gZev` cÖPvwiZ
n‡q‡Q, †mme n‡jv : cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb (natural selection) ,
Rxeb msMÖvg (struggle for life ) , †h †hvM¨ †mB wUu‡K _vK‡e(
survival of the fittest) BZ¨vw`| Gme n‡jv gvbyl‡K GK
we‡kl gZev‡` wk¶v †`qv| GBme kqZvbx bxwZ I Av`k©
gvbyl‡K Dc‡`k †`q Ans‡ev‡a Avµvš— n‡Z Ges
AvZœ‡µw›`ªK , wbôzi Ges AZ¨vPvix n‡q †h‡Z| GUv ¶gv ,
mnvbyf~wZ , AvZœZ¨vM I gvbweKZv Ges wZbwU gnv a‡g©i
D”P ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva‡K aŸsm K‡i| bvw¯—KZv , ¯^v_©ciZv‡K
Rxe‡bi Acwinvh© bxwZ wnmv‡e GBme gZev` Dc¯’vcb
K‡i|
WviDB‡bi GB we‡kl gZev` n‡jv Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei
gvbyl I KziAv‡bi wek¦v‡mi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| Gi d‡j , GB
åvš— gZ Ggb GK we‡k¦i cÖwZôv K‡i hv wZbwU cweÎ
a‡g©i we‡ivax& G Kvi‡Y , Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl I
gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ GUv Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ †h Zviv ci¯úi‡K
GB gZev‡ì wei“‡× jo‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| †Kbbv, GB
wZb a‡g©i gvby‡livB mªóvq wek¦vmx I mªóvi Av‡`k I
wb‡`©‡ki †cÖw¶‡Z †hme ag©xq g~j¨‡eva cweÎ MÖš’¸wj
wk¶v †`q Zv‡Z wek¦vmx& GB wZb a‡g©i Abymvixiv
wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q WviDB‡bi gZev‡ì f~j w`K¸wj Zz‡j
ai‡e; GB g‡Zi †h †Kvb cÖK…Z êÁvwbK wfwË †bB ZeyI
wKQz gvbyl wb‡R‡ì †fvMev`x gvbwmKZvi ¯^v‡_© GB
gZev`‡K i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| GB wZb a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì
mw¤§wjZfv‡e eyw×e„wËK msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡e me ai‡Yi åvš—

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aviYv I gZev` ( †hgb mvgëv` , d¨vmxev`,
RvwZMZ we‡Øl ) hv
bvw¯—KZv‡K DØy× K‡i| GUv hLb mevB eyS‡Z cvi‡e , ZLb
c„w_exi gvbyl Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B kvwš—, eÜzZ¡ I
b¨vqcivqbZv‡K MÖnY Ki‡e|
Bqvn~`x we‡Øl ev RvwZMZ we‡Øl Bmjvg we‡ivax:-
RvwZMZ we‡Øl Ggb GKwU gZev` hv wek¦ kvwš—i c‡¶
ûgwK| GUv wbiciva gvby‡li Kj¨vY I wbivcËv wewNœZ
K‡i| RvwZMZ we‡Ø‡li Kvi‡Y A‡b‡KB Bqvn~`x‡ì cÖwZ
N„Yv †cvlY K‡i|
wesk kZvãx‡Z Bqvn~`x we‡Øl weivU GK wech©‡qi m„wó
K‡i| Rvg©vbxi bvrmxiv Bqvn~`x ‡ì Dci we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg
wbôzi AZ¨vPvi I nZ¨vKvÛ Pvjvq| GQvovI, Ab¨ A‡bK
†`‡kI Bqvn~`x‡ì‡K Uv‡M©U Kiv nq Ges bvbv AZ¨vPvi
Zv‡ì Dci Pvjv‡bv nq| d¨vwmev`x `j¸wj
Bqvn~`x‡ì‡K bvbvfv‡e wbh©vZb K‡i Ges Zv‡ì i³
Sivq|
KyiAv‡bi bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K gymwjg , Bqvn~`x I L„÷vbiv
Aek¨B wgÎZv eRvq ‡i‡L emevm Ki‡e :
cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl I mªóvq
Awek¦vmx‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ AZ¨š— Zvrch©c~Y© | mvgvwRK
Rxe‡b GB cv_©‡Kï Dci M~i“Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| †hgb, hviv
Avj−vnÕi mv‡_ Ab¨ Dcvm¨‡K kixK K‡i Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K©
ejv n‡q‡Q , Ò..... gykwiKiv n‡”Q G‡Kev‡iB AcweÎ,
AZGe Zviv †hb GB erm‡ii ci gmwR‡` nviv‡gi Kv‡Q bv
Av‡m .....Ó ( myiv ZIev, 9:28 )| hviv Avj−vn‡K kixK
K‡i, Zviv cweÎ ag©xq AvBb m¤ú‡K© wKQyB Rv‡b bv;
Zv‡ì †Kvb ˆbwZK wk¶v ‡bB ; Ges Giv †h †Kvb ai‡Yi
bxP I weK…Z AvPiY †KvbiKg wØav-ms‡KvP QvovB Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|

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wKš‘ Avmgvbx wKZvexiv hviv cÖavbZ: Avj−vnÕi
evYxi Dci wek¦vm iv‡L ; Zuv‡ì ˆbwZK I ag©xq Ávb
Av‡Q ; Zuviv Rv‡b †KvbUv êa , †KvbUv A‰ea | Avmgvbx
wKZv‡ei Abymvix bvix‡ì‡K we‡q Ki‡Z gymwjg cyi“l‡ì
AbygwZ †`qv n‡q‡Q | Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb , ÒAvR †Zvgv‡ì
Rb¨ me fvj wRwbm nvjvj Kiv n‡jv ; hv‡ì Dci
Avj−vnÕi wKZve bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q , Zv‡ì LveviI
†Zvgv‡ì nvjvj Avevi †Zvgv‡ì Lv`Ï Zv‡ì Rb¨ nvjvj;
gywgb mr Pwi‡Îi bvix I †Zvgv‡ì Av‡M hv‡ì‡K wKZve
†`qv n‡q‡Q Zuv‡ì mr Pwi‡Îi bvix †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ êa
Kiv n‡jv hw` †Zvgiv Zv‡ì ‡`b‡gvni `vI we‡qi Rb¨ ,
cÖKvk¨ e¨wfPvi ev ‡Mvcb Awfmvix ( DccZœx ) evwb‡q
bq; †h †KDB Cgvb‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡e , Zvi (Rxe‡bi ) me
Kg©B wbùj n‡q hv‡e Ges †kl wePv‡ii w`‡b †m n‡e (
Pigfv‡e ) ¶wZMÖ¯’‡ì GKRb Õ( myiv Avj gvwq`v, 5:
5)| GB Av‡`k¸wj GUvB †evSv‡”Q †h , we‡qi gva¨‡g
Avmgvbx wKZvex‡ì mv‡_ my-m¤úK© cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e Ges
`yÕc¶B ci¯ú‡ii LvIqvi `vIqvZ Keyj Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
Gme n‡jv a‡g©i g~j e¨cvi hv GKwU myLx mv¤cÖ`vwqK
Rxeb I b¨vqm½Z gvbweK m¤úK© cÖwZôv‡K wbwðZ K‡i|
†h‡nZz cweÎ KyiAvb b¨vqm½Z I mnbkxj AvPi‡Yi
wb‡`©k †`q , ZvB GUv wPš—vI Kiv hvq bv †h †Kvb gymwjg
Gi wecixZ gZ MÖnY Ki‡e| Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì
cÖwZ nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) Gi b¨vq I mnbkxj AvPiY
gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ GKwU PgrKvi `„óvš— n‡q i‡q‡Q|
Avi‡ei `w¶‡Y bvRvivb GjvKvi L„÷vb‡ì mv‡_ nhiZ
gynv¤§v` (`: ) †h Pzw³ K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi gva¨‡g wZwb
mnbkxjZv I b¨vqcivqbZvi Ab¨Zg †kªô D`vniY ¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb| Pzw³‡Z bx‡Pi aviv¸wj Aš—f~©³ wQj:
bvRvivb I Zvi Pvicv‡ki GjvKvi gvby‡li Rxeb , Zv‡ì
ag© , Rwg , m¤úwË , M„ncvwjZ Mi“-QvMj I hviv GLv‡b
Dcw¯’Z I Abycw¯’Z Zv‡ì bex , ivm~jMY Ges Dcvmbvjq
Avj−vnÕi †ndvR‡Z I Avj−vnÕi ivm~‡ji ZË¡veav‡b
_vK‡e (20)|
GB ai‡Yi Pzw³i gva¨‡g Avj−vnÕi ivm~j (`: ) gymjgvb
I Avmgvbx wKZvex‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK kvwš— I wbivcËv
wbwðZ K‡ib| GB Av‡`k cweÎ KyiAv‡bi myiv evKvivi
62 bs Avqv‡Zi wjwLZ ev¯—evqb .....Ô hviv Cgvb Av‡b ,
Zviv L„÷vb †nvK Bqvn~`x †nvK wKsev mvex †nvK †h
†KDB Avj−vnÕi Dci Cgvb Avb‡e, Cgvb Avb‡e ciKv‡ji
Dci Ges h_v_© fvj KvR Ki‡e , Avj−vnZvjv Zuv‡ì

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Aek¨B cyi®K…Z Ki‡eb Ges Gme †jv‡Ki †Kvb fq †bB,
†Zgwb Zviv wPwš—ZI n‡e bvÕ ( myiv Avj evKviv 2: 62 )|
Bqvn~`x , L„÷vb I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ b¨vq-wePvi I
mnbkxjZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z g`xbv msweavb wQj me‡P‡q
M~i“Z¡c~Y©| AvR †_‡K 1400 kZ eQi Av‡M 622 L„÷v‡ã
nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ g`xbvq msweavb wjwLZ
nq| wewfbœ a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z I wjwLZ
Pzw³i ixwZ Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ g`xbv Pzw³ Kiv nq| wewfbœ
a‡g©i I RvwZi `j I †Mvôx hviv 120 eQi a‡i ci¯ú‡ii
kÎ“Zvq †g‡Z wQj , Zviv GB êa Pzw³i AvIZvq G‡K
Ac‡ii Askx`vi n‡jv| GB Pzw³i gva¨‡g nhiZ gynv¤§v`
(`: ) †`Lv‡jb †h , hviv `xN©Kvj G‡K Ac‡ii kÎ“ wQj
Ges †Kvb ai‡Yi mg‡SvZvq Avm‡Z cviwQj bv, Zv‡ì
c‡¶I SMovi mgvwß NwU‡q GKB mgv‡R cvkvcvwk evm
Kiv m¤¢e|
g`xbv mb`& Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e †h †Kvb wek¦vm
I ag© , ivR‰bwZK I Av`k©MZ gZ‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z cvi‡Zv |
GKB g‡Z wek¦vmx gvby‡liv GK‡Î wg‡jwg‡k GKwU `j
evbv‡Z cvi‡Zv| cÖ‡Z¨‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡R‡ì wePvi-
eë¯’vi cÖ‡qvM NUv‡Z cvi‡Zv| Aek¨ , †KD †Kvb Ab¨vq
Ki‡j Zv‡K †KD kvw¯— †_‡K i¶v Kivi Ac‡Póv Ki‡e
bv| Pzw³i AvIZvaxb `j¸wj G‡K Ab¨‡K mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡e , ci¯úi‡K mg_©b †`‡e Ges nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: )
Gi wbivcËv †ndvR‡Z _vK‡e| GB Pzw³wU Kvh©Ki wQj
622 Lªx: †_‡K 632 L„÷vã ch©š—| GB Pzw³i gva¨‡g i³
I AvZœxqZvi myev‡` M‡o DVv wewfbœ †Mvôx‡Z wef³
mvgvwRK KvVv‡gvi Aemvb N‡U; Ges wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZ,
wek¦vm I †fŠMwjK cUfywgi gvby‡liv KvQvKvwQ Av‡m I
GKwU mvgvwRK eÜb M‡o Zz‡j | g`xbv mb`& cwic~Y©
agx©q ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ K‡iwQj|
gV , wMR©v I mxbvMM ( Bqvn~`x‡ì ag©gw›ì )¸wj‡K m¤§vb
†`Lv‡Z n‡e:
cweÎ KyiAvb †_‡K Avgiv GKwU M~i“Z¡c~Y© wk¶v cvB †h,
gymjgvbiv Aek¨B Bqvn~`x I L„÷vb ‡ì Dcvmbv¸wj‡K
m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Ki‡e| KyiAv‡b Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei
gvbyl‡ì Dcvmbvjq¸wj †hgb gV, wMR©v , mxbvMM‡K ejv
n‡q‡Q Avj−vnÕi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y _vKv cÖv_©bvjq Ò ......hw`
Avj−vn gvbe RvwZi GK `j‡K Av‡iK `j w`‡q cÖwZnZ bv

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67
Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j `ywbqvi eyK †_‡K ( L„÷vb mbœ¨vmx‡ì )
Dcvmbvjq I wMR©vmg~n aŸsm n‡q †hZ ( aŸsm n‡q †hZ
Bqvn~`x ‡ì ) Bev`‡Zi ¯’vb I ( gymjgvb‡ì )
gmwR`mg~nI †hLv‡b †ekx †ekx cwigv‡Y Avj−vnZvjvi bvg
†bqv nq; Avj−vnZvjv Aek¨B Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib †h (
Avj−vnZvjvi ) `xb‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z GwM‡q Av‡m , Aek¨B
Avj−vnZvjv kw³gvb I civµgkvjx ( myiv Avj nv¾ ,
22:40)|
GB AvqvZ gymjgvb‡ì‡K †evSv‡”Q †h , Avmgvbx
wKZv‡ei gvbyl‡ì cweÎ ¯’vb¸wji cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©Y I
Gm‡ei i¶Yv‡e¶‡bi M~i“Z¡ KZ| Aek¨B nhiZ gynv¤§v`
(`: ) Avmgvbx wKZvex‡ì QvovI ¯’vbxq gvbyl‡ì mv‡_I
Pzw³ K‡iwQ‡jb| ¯’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ memgqB b¨vq AvPiY
Kiv n‡Zv| Zviv hLb wbivcËv Pzw³i AvIZvq Avm‡Z
PvB‡jv , ZLb Zv‡ì Aby‡iva nhiZ wbwØ©avq MÖnY
K‡ib| GB m¤cÖ`vq¸wj nhiZ (`: ) Gi KvQ †_‡K
Avkªq I wbivcËv ‡P‡qwQj hLb Zviv †Kvb Avµg‡Yi
AvksKv KiwQj A_ev Ab¨vqfv‡e †Kvb Acev‡ì wkKvi
n‡qwQj|
nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) hZw`b †eu‡P wQ‡jb , ZZw`b A‡bK
Agymwjg I ¯’vbxq RbMY ivm~j (`:)Gi Kv‡Q wbivcËv
†P‡qwQj| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K wbR †ndvR‡Z Av‡bb I
Zv‡ì wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡ib| ¯’vbxq Agymwjgiv Avkªq
PvB‡j wek¦vmxiv †hb Zv‡ì †mB Aby‡iva i¶v K‡i , GB
g‡g© Avj−vn myiv ZIevq Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb , Ò Avi
gykwiK‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K hw` †KD †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Avkªq Pvq ,
Z‡e Aek¨B Zv‡K Zzwg Avkªq ‡`‡e , hv‡Z K‡i ( †Zvgvi
Avkª‡q †_‡K ) †m Avj−vnZvjvi evYx ïb‡Z cvq , Zvici
Zv‡K Zvi ( †Kvb ) wbivc` RvqMvq †cuŠ‡Q w`‡e.......... (
myiv AvZ-ZvIev, 9:6 )|
hviv mªóvq Av‡`Š wek¦vm K‡i bv , Zv‡ì †P‡q Bqvn~`x I
L„÷vbiv gymjgvb‡ì †ekx Kv‡Qi; †Kbbv GB wZb a‡g©i
Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz mvaviY wgj i‡q‡Q | GB wZb
a‡g©i Abymvix‡ìB i‡q‡Q wbR¯^ cweÎ ag©xq MÖš’ A_©vr
Avj−vn KZ…©K †cÖwiZ Avmgvbx wKZve| Zviv Rv‡b †KvbUv
wVK , †KvbUv fyj| †Kvb KvR Zv‡ì ag©MÖš’ Abymv‡i êa
, †KvbUv A‰ea Avi Zviv Avj−vnÕi bex I ivm~j‡ì (`:)

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‡K kª×v K‡i| Giv mevB g„Zÿ cieZx© Rxe‡b wek¦vm
K‡i Ges g‡b K‡i †h mªóvi mvg‡b GB `ywbqvi
Rxe‡bi me Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqx n‡Z n‡e| GB me wfwËi
Dci Avgiv GK n‡Z cvwi|
wZb a‡g©i gvby‡li Kv‡QB MÖnY‡hvM¨ GKwU g‡Zi Dci
wfwË K‡i GK‡Î D¾xweZ nIqv :
Avmgvbx wKZvex‡ì e¨cv‡i Avj−vn gymjgvb‡ì‡K
KyiAv‡b wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb †h : Ò ( †n bex ) hv‡ì‡K
Avwg wKZve w`‡qwQ , (Zv‡ì ) Zzwg e‡jv , G‡mv , (GKgZ
nB ) ---hv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q GK ( I Awfbœ Ges Zv n‡”Q ) ,
Avgiv GK mªóv Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv Dcvmbv Ki‡ev bv Ges
Ab¨ KvD‡K mªóvi Askx`vi evbv‡ev bv ; GK mªóv Qvov
Avgiv wb‡R‡ì†KI G‡K Ac‡ii cÖfy e‡j †g‡b †b‡ev
bvÕ.......( myiv Avj Bgivb, 3:64)|
Bqvn~`x I L„óvb‡ì Kv‡Q GUv Aek¨B Avgv‡ì AvnŸvb
: Avgiv hviv mªóvq wek¦vmx I Zuvi cvVv‡bv Hkx evYxi
Abymvix , Pjyb Avgiv GKwU mvaviY wel‡q GK nB; Zvn‡jv
wek¦vm | Avmyb , Avgiv Avj−vn†K fvjevwm I Zuvi wb‡`©k
†g‡b Pwj whwb Avgv‡ì mªóv I cÖfy| Avmyb, Avgiv GK
mv‡_ †`vqv Kwi †hb Avj−vn Avgv‡ì‡K mnR-mij c‡_
cwiPvwjZ K‡ib| hLb gymjgvb, L„÷vb I Bqvn~`xiv
Gfv‡e GKwU mvaviY m~‡Î D¾xweZ n‡e , hLb Zviv
eyS‡Z cvi‡e †h Zviv G‡K A‡bï eÜz ----kÎ“ bv ; hLb
Zviv eyS‡Z cvi‡e ‡h mwZ¨Kv‡ii kÎ“ n‡jv mªóv‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv , ZLb GB c„w_ex n‡q hv‡e m¤ú~Y© AbïKg
| we‡k¦i wewfbœ RvqMvq †h hy× , kÎ“Zv , fq , AvZsK I
mš¿vmx AvµgY NU‡Q Zvi mgvwß NU‡e ; Ges GB mvaviY
m~‡Îi Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU bZzb mf¨Zvi Rb¥ n‡e hvi
g~‡j _vK‡e fvjevmv , kª×v I kvwš—|
Gme n‡jv M~i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ hv gymjgvb‡ì‡K we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z
n‡e| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì‡K Ab¨ gZ I wek¦v‡mi gvbyl‡ì
m¤ú‡K© KyiAv‡b Kx wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb , Zv GK`g ¯úó|
KyiAv‡bi bxwZgvjv RvwZMZ N„Yv I we‡Ø‡li D‡aŸ©| G‡Z
ejv n‡q‡Q , hZ¶Y ch©š— Agymwjgiv Bmjvg I
gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× kÎ“Zv Ki‡Q bv, ZZ¶Y ch©š— Ab¨
a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ mnbkxj I eÜzZ¡c~Y© g‡bvfv‡ei
cwiPq w`‡Z n‡e|

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GUv cwi®‹vi †h , Bqvn~`x iv A‡bK fyj K‡i‡Q hvi
D‡j−L I mgv‡jvPbv KyiAv‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gme
fy‡ji e¨cv‡i mZK© Kiv n‡q‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b BmivBj gvbeZvi wei“‡× hv Aciva Ki‡Q Zv
`y:LRbK I me©Rbwew`Z wKš‘ GRb¨ gymjgvbiv Aek¨B
me Bqvn~`x‡K kÎ“ fve‡e bv| KyiAv‡bi GKwU
BwZevPK wk¶v GB †h , ‡Kvb gvby‡li wei“‡× †Kvb
wbw`©ó wm×vš— †bqv hv‡e bv ïaygvÎ GB Kvi‡Y †h †m
wbw`©ó ‡Kvb †MvÎ , RvwZ ev a‡g©i| me mgv‡RB fvj
gvbyl †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb Lvivc gvbylI Av‡Q| cweÎ
KyiAvb GB cv_©‡Kï w`‡K `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| D`vniY
wnmv‡e ejv hvq , Avj−vn I Zuvi a‡g©i wei“‡× Avmgvbx
wKZvex‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡iv we‡`ªvn Kivi K_v D‡j−‡Li
ciciB hviv e¨wZµg Zuv‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Ò hviv
Avn‡j wKZve Zviv ( Avevi ) mevB GK iKg bq , G‡ì
g‡a¨ Ggb wKQz †jvKI Av‡Q , hviv mZ¨ I b¨v‡qi Dci
AwePj n‡q ùvwo‡q Av‡Q ; Giv iv‡Zi †ejvq wmR`viZ
Ae¯’vq Avj−vnÕi †KZve cvV K‡i , Giv Avj−vnZvjv I †kl
wePvi w`‡bi Dci Cgvb iv‡L ( Ges gvbyl‡ì ) Giv b¨vq
Kv‡Ri Av‡`k †`q I Ab¨vq Kv‡R wb‡la K‡i| mr Kv‡R
Giv G‡K A‡bï mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i| G ( ai‡bi )
gvbylivB n‡”Q g~jZ: †bK †jvK‡ì Aš—f©~³; Zviv hv wKQz
fvj KvR Ki‡e ( cÖwZ`vb †`qvi mgq ) Zv †_‡K KL‡bv
A¯^xKvi Kiv n‡e bv , KviY Avj−vnZvjv fvj K‡iB
Rv‡bb †Kvb e¨w³ Avj−vnZvjv‡K KZUzKz fq K‡i ( myiv
Bgivb, 3:113-115)| Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z Avj−vn Av‡`k
w`‡q‡Qb , Ò Avwg Aek¨B cÖ‡Z¨KwU RvwZi Kv‡Q ivm~j
cvwV‡qwQ , hv‡Z K‡i ( Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †m ej‡Z cv‡i †h , )
†Zvgiv GK Avj−vnZvjvi Bev`Z K‡iv Ges Zv¸Z‡K eR©b
K‡iv , †m RvwZi g‡a¨ AZ:ci Avj−vnZvjv wKQz †jvK‡K
†n`vqvZ `vb K‡ib Avi wKQz †jv‡Ki Dci †Mvgivnx
†P‡c e‡m ; AZGe †Zvgiv (Avj−vnZvjvi ) c„w_ex‡Z ågY
K‡iv Ges †`‡Lv hviv ( ivm~j‡ì ) wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ K‡i‡Q
Zv‡ì wK ( fqven ) cwiYvg n‡qwQj ( myiv Avb bvnj ,
16: 36)|
Avj−vn Zuvi me bex‡ì (`:) Kv‡QB GUv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h
, mªóv GK I Abb¨| GK Avj−vn Qvov Avi †KD

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Bev`‡Zi †hvM¨ bq| ZvB gvbyl †Kej Avj−vnÕiB
Bev`Z Ki‡e, AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e I Avj−vnÕi me ûKzg †g‡b
Pj‡e| gvbyl m„wói ci †_‡KB Avj−vn GB Hkx evYx
bex†ì (`:) gva¨‡g , gvbeRvwZi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb|
wKQz mgvR GB GB Hkx evYx‡K MÖnY K‡i Ges mZ¨-mnR
c_‡K AbymiY K‡i; Avevi A‡b‡KB GB mZ¨‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡i Ges Avj−vnÕi cvVv‡bv GB evYx †_‡K wb‡R‡ì‡K
`~‡i iv‡L| GB Ae¯’v GL‡bv Pj‡Q|
wKQz gvbyl mZ¨-mnR c‡_ hviv Av‡Q , Zv‡ì‡K mg_©b
†`‡e Avevi †KD †KD hviv Aciv‡ai RM‡Z Wy‡e Av‡Q
Zv‡ì c¶ Aej¤^b K‡i| GUv Avj−vnÕi AvBb ; hviv
wek¦vmx Zviv Aek¨B GB gZ MÖnY Ki‡e Ges KL‡bvB
fyj‡e bv †h , me a‡g©i gvby‡li g‡a¨B wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q hviv
Avš—wiK , avwg©K Ges mªóv‡K fq K‡i P‡j|
Avevi wKQz gvbyl me a‡g©i Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨B Av‡Q hviv
ag©xq Av`k© †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i _v‡K| Avgv‡ì Avkv GB †h,
Ggb GK c„w_ex M‡o DV‡e †hLv‡b gvbyl GK mv‡_ kvwš—‡Z
_vK‡Z cvi‡e; †K †Kvb gZ I a‡g© wek¦vmx Zv‡Z wKQz hvq
Avm‡e bv| me ai‡Yi eY©-we‡Ølx weKvi‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv
n‡e; mevi AwaKvi msiw¶Z _vK‡e I mevB cÖvc¨ m¤§vb
cv‡e| me ai‡Yi ag©-we‡ivax gZev‡ì weiy‡× eyw×e„wËK
ch©v‡q msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡e|
G‡Z Avkv Kiv hvq , `xN© cÖZxw¶Z kvwš— cÖwZwôZ n‡Z
cv‡i| Avj−vn Gwb‡q KyiAv‡b e‡j‡Qb , Ò hviv Kzdix
K‡i‡Q , Zviv G‡K A‡bï eÜz , †Zvgiv hw` ( G‡K Ab¨‡K
mvnvh¨ Kivi ) †m KvRwU bv K‡iv, Zvn‡j Avj−vnZvjvi G
Rgx‡b †dZbv-d¨vmv` I eo ai‡Yi wech©q m„wó n‡e (
myiv Avbdvj, 8: 73 ) ;
Ò †hme D¤§‡Zi †jv‡Kiv †Zvgv‡ì Av‡M AwZevwnZ n‡q
†M‡Q , Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Lye KgRbB ( gvbyl‡K ) Rgx‡b wech©q
m„wó Kiv †_‡K wb‡la Ki‡Zv| Avi AZ¨vPvixiv †Zv †h
( êlwqK ) cÖvPzh© wQj Zvi †cQ‡bB c‡o †_‡K‡Q ; Zviv
wQj ( Avm‡jB Acivax ) ( myiv BDmyd , 11:116 )|
Bmjvg ga¨cÖv‡P¨ kvwš— I HK¨ G‡bwQj:

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71
BwZnvm mv¶x , gymwjg kvm‡Kiv hLb KyiAv‡bi Av`k©‡K
†g‡b P‡jwQj , ZLb Zuv‡ì mg‡q ga¨cÖv‡P¨ memgq kvwš— ,
b¨vq-wePvi I mnbkxjZv eRvq wQj | nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: )
hLb †eu‡P wQ‡jb , ZLb GB GjvKvq †h me wbqg-bxwZ †g‡b
Pjv nq, Zv AZ¨š— M~i“Z¡c~Y© D`vniY |
my- kvmKivB nhiZ (`: ) Gi DËivwaKvix nb hviv Avj−vnÕi
ivm~j (`: ) Gi `„óvš— †g‡b P‡jwQ‡jb Ges KL‡bvB
KyiAv‡bi kvwš—c~Y© mgvR cÖwZôvi bxwZ I Av`k© †_‡K m‡i
hvb wb| GB me kvmK‡ì mg‡q b¨vqwePvi , mwVK AvPiY
I mZZv hv KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi mwVK cÖwZdjb
N‡UwQj | Gme D`vniY cieZ©x eskai‡ì Rb¨ Av`k© |
wdwjw¯—b I Zvi ivRavbx †Ri“mv‡j‡g wZb cweÎ a‡g©i
gvby‡liv GKmv‡_ emevm K‡i‡Q | GB NUbv GRb¨
M~i“Z¡c~Y© †h GUv cÖgvY K‡i gymjgvbiv wb‡R‡ì kvmbvg‡j
wKfv‡e kvwš— I w¯’wZkxjZv GB cweÎ f~wg‡Z cÖwZôv
K‡iwQj | Aek¨B , gymwjg kvmb MZ 1400 eQ‡ii
AwaKvsk mg‡q †Ri“mv‡jg I wdwjw¯—‡b kvwš— G‡bwQj|
Lwjdv Igi (iv:) wdwjw¯—‡b kvwš— I
b¨vq-wePvi wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb:
71 L„÷vã ch©š— †Riymv‡jg wQj Bqvn~`x‡ì ivRavbx| H
ermi †ivgvb evwnbx Bqvn~`x ‡ì Dci cÖPÛ AvµgY Pvjvq
Ges AZ¨š— b„ksmZvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì‡K H ¯’vb †_‡K
weZvwoZ K‡i| G mgq , †Riymv‡jg I Avkcv‡ki RvqMv
cwiZ¨³ GjvKvq cwiYZ nq| Aek¨,†ivgvb mgªvU
Kbm‡UbUvB‡bi mgq L„÷ ag© GB GjvKvq cÖmvi cvq I
†Riymv‡jg Av‡iv GKevi AvMÖ‡ni †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z Av‡m| G
mgq †ivgvbiv ‡Ri“mv‡j‡g GKvwaK wMR©v evbvq| GB
GjvKvq Bqvn~`x‡ì emwZ ¯’vc‡bi Dci wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnvi
Kiv nq| mßg kZvãxi Av‡M ch©š— wdwjw¯—b †ivgvb
(evB‡RbUvBb) mvgªv‡Rï Aax‡b wQj| Aí wKQzw`‡bi
Rb¨ GB GjvKvq cviwmqvbiv Rq K‡i †bq wKš‘
evB‡RbUvBbiv Avevi GUv Rq K‡i †bq| wdwjw¯—‡bi
BwZnv‡m GKwU M~iZ¡c~Y© µvwš—jMœ Dcw¯’Z nq 637 mv‡j ,
hLb Bmjv‡gi ‰mwbKiv GB GjvKv Rq K‡i| †h wdwjw¯—b
kZ kZ eQi a‡i hy×, wbe©vmb , jyU I MYnZ¨v Ges

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cÖwZevi ¶gZv e`‡ji mgq b~Zb b~Zb b„ksmZv †`‡L‡Q ;
†m Gevi kvwš— I HK¨ †`L‡jv |
Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve GK b~Zb hy‡Mi m~Pbv Ki‡jv †hLv‡b
wewfbœ wek¦v‡mi gvby‡liv kvwš— I H‡Kï g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQj| wØZxq Lwjdv Igi (iv: ) wdwjw¯—b Rq K‡ib|
wZwb †Ri“mv‡j‡g Xy‡K wfbœ g‡Zi gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ †h
mnbkxjZv, cwic°Zv I `qv †`Lvb , Zv GKwU PgrKvi
mg‡qi m~Pbv K‡i| weªwUk HwZnvwmK I ga¨cªvP¨ wel‡q
we‡klÁ Kv‡ib Avg©÷ªs Zuvi eB Holy War G Lwjdv Igi (
iv: ) Gi †Ri“mv‡jg Rq m¤ú‡K© †j‡Lb : GKwU mv`v D‡U
P‡o Lwjdv Igi †Ri“mv‡j‡g cÖ‡ek K‡ib| kn‡ii
g¨vwR‡÷ªU MÖxK wMR©v cÖavb †mvd‡ivwbqvm Zuvi mnPi
wQ‡jb| Lwjdv GjvKvq Dcw¯’Z n‡qB gvD›U †U¤ú‡j
†h‡Z PvB‡jb Ges nuvUz †M‡o e‡m †hLvb †_‡K Zuvi eÜz
gynv¤§v` Avj−vn&Õi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïi“ K‡ib H RvqMvq cÖv_©bv
Ki‡jb|
wMR©v cÖavb LyeB f‡qi mv‡_ Lwjdvi AvPiY ‡`L‡jb ;
Zuvi aviYv nq †h GB-B wbðqB †mB N„Y¨ I wefxwlKvi
L„÷ we‡ivax e¨w³ †h wKqvg‡Zi c~e©j¶Y I nhiZ
W¨vwb‡q‡ji fwel¨revYx Abyhvqx †h GB cweÎ ¯’v‡b XyK‡e|
Igi Gici L„÷vb‡ì †Kvb cweÎ ag©xq Dcvmbvjq †`L‡Z
Pvb| hLb wZwb cweÎ Sepulchre wMR©v cwi`k©b KiwQ‡jb ,
ZLb gymjgvb‡ì bvgv‡Ri mgq nq| f`ªZv K‡i wMR©v cÖavb
Lwjdv Igi‡K †mLv‡bB A_©vr L„÷vb‡ì cÖv_©bvj‡q bvgvR
co‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib| wKš‘ Igi web‡qi mv‡_ GB cÖ¯—ve
wdwi‡q †`b| †Kbbv , wZwb hw` wMR©vi g‡a¨ bvgvR Av`vq
K‡ib Z‡e fwel¨‡Z Zuvi m¤§v‡b gymjgvbiv G RvqMvq
gmwR` evbv‡Z PvB‡e| Zvi gv‡b wMR©v †f‡½ †dj‡Z
n‡e| ZvB Igi wMR©v †_‡K Aí `~‡i wM‡q bvgvR Av`vq
K‡ib|
wMR©vi wecix‡Z H ¯’v‡b Ig‡ii ¯§i‡Y DrmMxK…Z †QvÆ
GKwU gmwR` GL‡bv i‡q‡Q| Ig‡ii bv‡g weL¨vZ
Av‡iKwU gmwR` n‡jv †U¤új gvD›U hv gymwjg weR‡qi
mv¶¨ enb K‡i| Avj-AvKmv gmwR‡ì mv‡_ GK‡Î GUv
gynv¤§‡ì iv‡Zi hvÎv ( k‡e †giv‡R Avj−vnÕi mvwbœ‡a¨
hvIqv )†K g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| eû eQi a‡i Bqvn~`x‡ì GB

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cÖv_©bvjq‡K L„÷vbiv gqjv †djvi RvqMv wnmv‡e eënvi
Ki‡Zv| Lwjdv GB RvqMv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z gymjgvb‡ì
mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Ri nv‡Z gqjv mvd K‡ib|
gymjgvbiv GLv‡b Zuv‡ì `yBwU cweÎ ag©xq ¯’vcbv cÖwZwôZ
K‡i ---- G RvqMv Bmjv‡gi Z…Zxq cweÎ bMix wnmv‡e
we‡ewPZ ( UxKv 21)|
gymjgvbiv †Ri“mv‡jg Rq Kivi ci GB bMix GKwU wbivc`
¯^‡M© cwiYZ nq †mLv‡b wZb a‡g©i gvby‡liv kvwš—‡Z
GKmv‡_ emevm Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| Rb Gj Gm‡cvwm‡Uv
†j‡Lb , hLb 638 L„÷v‡ã Avie evwnbx †Ri“mv‡jg `Lj
K‡i ZLb Zuviv GKwU †K›`ª `Lj K‡i †hLvbKvi cweÎ
ag©xq ¯’vb¸wj L„÷vb RM‡Z Ab¨Zg cÖavb Zx_©¯’v‡b cwiYZ
nq| wMR©v I L„÷vb RbM‡Yi †Kvb ¶wZ mvab Kiv nq wb|
kvmKiv A‡bKw`b a‡iB Bqvn~`x iv GLv‡b emevm wbwl×
K‡i †i‡LwQj ; gymwjg‡ì mg‡q Bqvn~`x iv GLv‡b wd‡i
Avmvi I _vKvi AbygwZ cvq Ges m‡jvgb I `vD‡ì
kn‡i Dcvmbv Kivi AbygwZ cvq
( UxKv 22)|
Lwjdv Igi hLb †Ri“mv‡j‡g cÖ‡ek K‡ib , ZLb wZwb
GB bMixi L„÷vb ag©hvR‡Ki mv‡_ bx‡Pi Pzw³ ¯^v¶i
K‡ib: Avj−vnÕi `vm I wek¦vmx‡ì †bZv Ig‡ii c¶
†_‡K Ælia kn‡ii gvbyl‡ì wbivcËv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv ;
Igi GB wbivcËv mevB‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡Q-----Amy¯’ ev
my¯’‡K , Zuv‡ì Rxe‡bi wbivcËv , Zuv‡ì m¤ú‡ì
wbivcËv , Zuv‡ì wMR©v¸wj I µmwPý Ges Avi hv wKQz
Zuv‡ì ag©msµvš— †m m‡ei wbivcËv | wMR©v¸wj‡K Aek¨B
_vKvi RvqMvq cwiYZ Kiv n‡e bv A_ev aŸsm Kiv n‡e bv
ev wMR©v ev Zvi msjMœ †Kvb wKQz‡K †f‡½ †QvU Kiv n‡e
bv| ¯’vbxq‡ì †Kvb µm ev m¤ú‡ì †Kvb ¶wZ Kiv hv‡e
bv ; ag©wek¦v‡mi †¶‡Î ‡Kvb wKQz ¯’vbxq‡ì Dci †Rvi
K‡i Pvwc‡q †`qv hv‡e bv A_ev Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv †Kvb Awbó
Kiv hv‡e bv ( UxKv 23)|
ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j , gymjgvbiv †Ri“mv‡jg I mgMª
wdwjw¯—‡b mf¨Zv e‡q wb‡q Av‡b| †h wek¦vm Ab¨ gvby‡li
cweÎ ag©xq gZ‡K kª×v K‡i bv Ges Zuv‡ì‡K ïaygvÎ GB
Kvi‡Y †g‡i †djv nq †h Zuv‡ì ag©xq gZ Avjv`v--G
ai‡Yi wek¦v‡mi e`‡j Bmjv‡gi b¨vqcivqb , mnbkxj I
ga¨cš’x ms¯‹…wZ GB GjvKv‡K kvmb K‡i| Igi ( iv: )
wdwjw¯—b `Lj Kivi ci †mLv‡b gymwjg , L„÷vb I Bqvn~`x

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iv GKmv‡_ kvwš— I H‡Kï g‡a¨ emevm K‡iwQj|
gymwjgiv KL‡bvB gvbyl‡K ag©vš—wiZ Ki‡Z †Rvi LvUvq
wb| wKQz Agymwjg Bmjvg‡K mZ¨ ag© wnmv‡e eyS‡Z †c‡i
†¯^”Qvq ag©vš—wiZ nq| wdwjw¯—‡b ZZw`bB kvwš— I HK¨
eRvq wQj hZw`b gymjgvbiv GB GjvKv kvmb K‡i| 11
kZvãxi †kl w`‡K , evB‡ii GK weRqx kw³ GB GjvKvq
Xy‡K I †Ri“mv‡j‡gi mf¨ GjvKv AZ¨š— wbôziZv I
ee©iZvi mv‡_ Ggbfv‡e jywÚZ nq hv Av‡M KL‡bvB †`Lv
hvq wb| µ‡mWvi ( L„÷vb ag©‡hv×viv ) wQj GB ee©i I
Amf¨ `j|
L„÷vb ag©‡hv×v‡ì ee©iZv:
wdwjw¯Z‡b hLb wZb cweÎ a‡g©i gvby‡liv GKmv‡_ kvwš—
‡Z emevm KiwQj , ZLb BD‡iv‡ci L„÷vb iv ag©hy×
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z gb¯’ K‡i| 1095 mv‡ji 27 b‡f¤^‡i
Clermont Gi KvDwÝ‡j †cvc Aviev‡bi AvnŸv‡b mgMÖ
BD‡ivc †_‡K GK jv‡LiI †ekx ag©‡hv×v mg‡eZ nq
cweÎ f~wg †Ri“mv‡jg‡K gymjgvb‡ì KvQ †_‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨
Ges cÖv‡Pï ‡cŠivwYK ¸ßab Luy‡R †c‡Z; `xN© I K¬vwš—Ki
hvÎv Ges c‡_ c‡_ `my¨Zv I nZ¨vKvÛ NwU‡q Zviv 1099
L„÷v‡ã †Ri“mv‡j‡g †cuŠ‡Q|
GB bMix cÖvq cuvP mßvn a‡i Aei“× _v‡K ; Gici
ag©‡hv×viv kn‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| kn‡i Xy‡K Zviv †h wbôzi
AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq , wek¦ GiKg Lye KgB †`‡L‡Q| me
gymjgvb I Bqvn~`x ‡K Z‡jvqv‡ii AvIZvq Avbv nq A_©vr
b„ksmfv‡e †g‡i †djv nq| Igi (iv: ) Gi mgq †_‡K
wdwjw¯—‡b †h kvwš— I HK¨ wQj Zv b„ksm nZ¨vKv‡Ûi ga¨
w`‡q †kl n‡q ‡Mj| ag©‡hv×viv L„÷ ag© hv wKbv fvjevmv
I mnvbyf~wZi ag© Zvi me ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva f½ K‡i Ges
L„÷ a‡g©i bv‡g mš¿vm Qwo‡q †`q|
mvjv`x‡bi b¨vq-wePvi:
ee©i ag©‡hv×viv †Ri“mv‡jg‡K Zv‡ì ivRavbx evbvq Ges
GKwU j¨vwUb mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡i ; hvi mxgvbv evov‡bv nq
wdwjw¯—b †_‡K Gw›UqK ch©š—| Aek¨ †h ag©‡hv×viv wdwjw¯—
‡b wbôziZv e‡q wb‡q G‡mwQj , Zviv †ekxw`b †mLv‡b
¯’vqx nq wb| mvjv`xb me gymwjg ivR¨‡K Ô cweÎ hy‡×i
Õ cZvKvZ‡j Av‡bb Ges L„÷vb ag© ‡hv×v‡ì‡K wnwË‡bi

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hy‡× civwRZ K‡ib ( 1187 mvj)| hy‡×i ci
µ‡mWvi ev L„÷vb evwnbxi `yB †bZv P¨vwUj‡bi †ibvì
I ivRv MvB‡K mvjv`x‡bi mvg‡b nvwRi Kiv nq|
gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× mvsNvwZK wbg©g AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡bvi
`v‡q ‡ibvì wQj KzL¨vZ| ZvB mvjv`xb Zv‡K g„Zy¨`Û †`b
wKš‘ ivRv MvB‡K gyw³ †`qv nq †Kbbv †m G ai‡Yi †Kvb
ee©i AZ¨vPvi gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× K‡i wb| b¨vq-
wePv‡ii cÖK…Z A_© Kx , Zv wdwjw¯—b Av‡iv GKevi †`L‡jv|
wnwË‡bi hy‡×i ciciB Ges GK k‡e †giv‡Ri w`†b
mvjv`xb †Ri“mv‡j‡g cÖ‡ek K‡ib { k‡e †givR : nhiZ
gynv¤§v` (`: ) g°v †_‡K †Ri“mv‡j‡g I mß AvKv‡k
Avj−vn&Õi mvwbœ‡a¨ GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ Avmv-hvIqv K‡ib } |
mvjv`xb †mLv‡b L„÷vb ag©‡hv×v‡ì 88 eQ‡ii `Lj`vixi
Aemvb NUvb| L„÷vb ag©‡hv×viv hLb GB bMix `Lj
K‡iwQj, ZLb Zviv GB bMixi wfZ‡ii me gymjgvb‡ì
nZ¨v K‡i| †mRb¨ Zviv ¯^fveZB fq cvw”Q‡jv GB †f‡e
†h , wbðqB mvjv`xbI GLb Zv‡ì mevB‡K nZ¨v Ki‡eb|
wKš‘ mvjv`xb kn‡ii GKRb
L„÷vb‡KI ¯úk©I Ki‡jb bv| wZwb j¨vwUb (K¨v_wjK )
L„÷vb ‡ì Av‡`k w`‡jb GB GjvKv †_‡K P‡j †h‡Z|
A‡_©vW· L„÷vb hviv ag©‡hv×v wQj bv , Zuv‡ì‡K AbygwZ
†`qv n‡jv kn‡ii g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Z Ges Zuv‡ì cQ›`g‡Zv
Dcvmbv Ki‡Z|
Rb Gj Gm‡cvwm‡Uvi fvlvq: gymwjg evwnbx hy‡×i gq`v‡b
hZUv GKMuy‡q wQj , wVK ZZUvB gnvb~fe wQj Zuviv
weR‡qi ci| †emvgwiK bvMwiK‡ì ¶gv Kiv nq ; wMR©v
I ag©xq cweÎ ¯’vb¸wj‡K ¯úk© Kiv nq wb| mvjv`xb Zuvi
K_vi cÖwZ wek¦¯— wQ‡jb Ges wbi¯¿ †emvgwiK e¨w³‡ì
cÖwZ mnvb~f~wZkxj wQ‡jb ( UxKv 24) |
‡Ri“mv‡j‡gi wØZxq `Lj m¤ú‡K© Kv‡ib Avg©÷ªs †j‡Lb ,
1187 L„÷v‡ãi 2 A‡±vei mvjv`xb I Zuvi evwnbx
weRqxi †e‡k †Ri“mv‡j‡g cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges cieZ©x 800
eQi †Ri“mv‡jg GKwU gymwjg bMix wnmv‡e wQj; mvjv`xb

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Zuvi K_v i¶v K‡ib I Bmjv‡gi m‡e©v”P Av`k©
Abymv‡i GB kni Rq K‡ib | 1099 L„÷v‡ã gymwjgiv †h
b„ksm MYnZ¨vi wkKvi nq Zvi cÖwZ‡kva wZwb †bb wb
KyiAv‡bi 16 bs myivi Dc‡`k Abyhvqx ........ âh© a‡iv
Avi âh© aiv †Zv †Kej Avj−vniB mvnv‡h¨| Zv‡ì
Kvi‡Y `y:L Ki‡e bv Ges Zviv †h me lohš¿ Ki‡Q †mRb¨
msKxY©gbv n‡e bv ( myiv bvnj; 16: 127 )| GLb †h‡nZz
kÎyZv eÜ i‡q‡Q ZvB wZwb nZ¨v eÜ K‡ib ......ÔÔ Avi
†Zvgiv Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki‡e hZ¶Y bv †dZbvi Aemvb
nq Ges `xb ïay Avj−vnÕi Rb¨ | Zvici hw` Zviv wbe„Z n‡q
hvq Z‡e mxgv jsNbKvix‡ì Qvov Avi KvD‡K AvµgY
Ki‡e bv.....Ges †Zvgiv Avj−vn‡K fq K‡iv Ges †R‡b †i‡Lv
: Avj−vn †Zv wek¦vmx‡ì mv‡_ i‡q‡Qb ( myiv evKviv, 2:
193-194) | GKRb L„÷vb‡KI nZ¨v Kiv nq wb Ges
†KvbiKg jyUcvU Kiv nq wb| gyw³cY B”Qv K‡iB Lye Kg
ivLv nq---- gyw³cY w`‡Z bv cvivq hviv cwievi †_‡K
Avjv`v n‡q wM‡qwQj , Zv‡ì Ki“Y Ae¯’v †`‡L
mvjv`x‡bi †Pv‡L cvwb P‡j Av‡m ; wZwb AmsL¨ e›`x‡K
webv c‡Y gyw³ †`b hv KyiAv‡b AvnŸvb Kiv n‡q‡Q ; hwÌ
A‡bK w`b a‡iB mvjv`x‡bi †KvlvMv‡ii Ae¯’v m‡š—vlRbK
wQj bv| Zuvi fvB Avj-Avw`j e›`x‡ì Ki“Y Ae¯’v †`‡L
GZ `y:L cvb †h wZwb mvjv`xb‡K Aby‡iva K‡ib e›`x‡ì
g‡a¨ GK nvRviRb‡K `vm wnmv‡e Zuv‡K w`‡q †`qvi Rb¨|
Gici wZwb mv‡_ mv‡_B †mB me e›`x‡ì gyw³
†`b............abx L„÷vbiv mvgvb¨ gyw³cY w`‡q wb‡R‡ì
ab-m¤ú` wb‡q GjvKv †_‡K P‡j hvw”Q‡jv , A_P GB
m¤ú` me L„÷vb e›`x‡K gy³ Kivi Kv‡R LiP Kiv
†h‡Zv......GB j¾vRbK KvR †`‡L me gymjgvb †bZvB
e¨vw_Z nb| wMR©v cÖavb n¨vivwK¬qvm Avi mevi gZ gvÎ `k
w`bvi gyw³cY †`b; Ggb wK Zuv‡K we‡kl wbivcËv †`qv
nq hv‡Z wZwb Zuvi ab-m¤ú` wb‡q wbivc‡` Mš—e¨¯’j
UvAvqv‡i †h‡Z cv‡ib ( UxKv 25) |
ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq , mvjv`xb I Zuvi AbyMZ gymwjg evwnbx
L„÷vb‡ì cÖwZ AZ¨š— `qvkxj I b¨vq AvPiY K‡i‡Qb|
Ggb Kx , L„÷vb‡ì wb‡R‡ì †bZviv Zv‡ì‡K †hUzKz
mnvbyf~wZ †`wL‡q‡Q ,Zvi †_‡K A‡bK †ekx mnvbyf~wZ
L„÷vb‡ì cÖwZ gymwjgiv cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q| gymjgb‡ì
†Ri“mv‡jg R‡qi ci ïay L„÷vbiv bq , Bqvn~`xivI †mLv‡b
kvwš— I wbivcËv cvq|

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weL¨vZ ¯ú¨vbxk-Bqvn~`x Kwe Gû`v Avj-nvwiRx GK
†jLvq Zuvi Abyf~wZ Gfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb :
mªóv.............wm×vš— wb‡q‡Qb †h cweÎ f~wg Avi Esau
Gi mš—vb‡ì nv‡Z _vK‡e bv.........ZvB m„wói 4950 eQi
ci mªóv ( 1190 L„÷v‡ã ) BmgvB‡ji eskai‡ì hyeivR
( mvjv`xb) †K DØy× Ki‡jb ; GKRb weP¶Y I mvnmx gvbyl,
whwb Zuvi m¤ú~Y© evwnbx wb‡q Avm‡jb , †Ri“mv‡jg‡K
Ae‡iva Ki‡jb , wb‡q wb‡jb Ges mviv †`k Ry‡o †NvlYv
w`‡jb †h wZwb G‡d«‡gi eskai‡ì MÖnY Ki‡eb , †hLvb
†_‡KB Zuviv AvmyK bv †Kb| ZvB Avgiv c„w_exi me cÖvš—
†_‡K G‡m GLv‡b Avevm M‡owQ| Avgiv GLb kvwš—i
Qvqv‡Z AvwQ( UxKv 26) |
‡Riymv‡j‡gi ci wdwjw¯—‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i L„¯Uvb
ag©‡hv×viv Zv‡ì ee©iZv I gymjgvbiv Zuv‡ì b¨vqwePv‡ii
avivevwnKZv eRvq iv‡L| weªwUk BwZnv‡m exi bvqK
wnmv‡e hv‡K †`Lv‡bv nq †mB wmsn ü`q wiPvW© 1194
L„÷v‡ã wZb nvRvi gymjgvb‡K hv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK bvix I
wkïI wQj Zuv‡ì‡K GKi `~‡M© nZ¨v K‡i| gymjgvbiv GB
ai‡Yi b„ksm nZ¨vKvÛ cÖZ¨¶ Kivi ciI KL‡bvB GB
ai‡Yi AvPiY AbymiY K‡i wb| Zuviv Avj−vnÕi Av‡`k
†g‡b‡Q ÔÔ gmwR‡` nviv‡g †Zvgv‡ì XyK‡Z evav †`qvq
†Kvb KI‡gi cÖwZ we‡Øl †hb †Zvgv‡ì KLbI mxgv
jsN‡b cÖ‡ivwPZ bv K‡i......( myiv gvwq`v, 5:2 ) Ges
KL‡bvB wbiciva †emvgwiK gvbyl‡ì‡K AvµgY K‡i wb|
Zuviv KL‡bvB AcÖ‡qvR‡b KvD‡K Ggb Kx civwRZ Lªx¯Uvb
ag©‡hv×v‡ìI AvµgY K‡i wb| Lªx¯Uvb ag©‡hv×v‡ì ee©iZv
Avi gymjgvb‡ì b¨vq-wePvi Av‡iv GKevi GKwU
HwZnvwmK mZ¨‡K cÖKvk Ki‡jv : Bmjv‡gi bxwZgvjvi
Av‡jv‡K cÖkvmwbK eë¯’v MwVZ n‡j ‡mUv wfbœ g‡Zi
gvbyl‡ì‡K GK‡Î emev‡mi AbygwZ †`q| GB m‡Zï
cÖKvk NU‡Z _v‡K mvjv`x‡bi 700 eQi c‡iI we‡klZ:
A‡Uvgvb mvgªv‡R¨|
A‡Uvgvb mgªv‡Ui b¨vq I mnbkxj kvmb:
1514 L„÷v‡ã myjZvb †mwjg †Ri“mv‡jg I Avkcv‡ki
GjvKv `Lj K‡ib | wdwjw¯—‡b cÖvq PvikZ eQ‡ii
A‡Uvgvb kvmb ZLb †_‡K ïi“ nq| Ab¨vb¨ A‡Uvgvb
iv‡óªi gZ , wdwjw¯Z‡b GB kvmbKv‡j kvwš—, w¯’wZkxjZv

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I wfbœ g‡Zv gvbyl‡ì GK‡Î emev‡mi my‡hvM
cÖwZôv K‡i|
A‡Uvgvb mvgªv‡Rï cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v M‡o D‡VwQj wgj−vZ
c×wZ‡Z ( hvi e¨vL¨vq ejv hvq HKë× m¤cÖ`vq ) | Gi
g~j ‰ewkó¨ GUvB wQj †h wfbœ ag©g‡Zi gvby‡liv
wb‡R‡ì wek¦vm Abyhvqx Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ evm Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zv | Ggb Kx AvBbMZ eë¯’vi myweavI †cZ| L„÷vb I
Bqvn~`x hv‡ì‡K cweÎ KyiAv‡b Ô Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei
gvbylÕ e‡j eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q , Zuviv A‡Uvgvb iv‡R¨
mnbkxjZv, wbivcËv Avi ¯^vaxbZv Luy‡R cvq| Gi
me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y© KviY wQj GB †h, hwÌ A‡Uvgvb
mvgªvR¨ wQj gymwjg kvmK‡ì Øviv cwiPvwjZ GKwU
BmjvwgK ivóª; ZeyI bvMwiK‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Ab¨ g‡Z
wek¦vmx Zuv‡ì‡K †Rvi K‡i Bmjvg MÖnY Kiv‡bvi †Kvb
B”Qv gymwjg kvmK‡ì wQj bv| eis A‡Uvgvb iv‡óªi
D‡Ïk¨ wQj Agymwjg‡ì‡K kvwš— I wbivcËv cÖ`vb Kiv
Ges Zuv‡ì‡K Ggb GK kvmbeë¯’vq cwiPvwjZ Kiv
hv‡Z Zuviv Bmjv‡gi AvBb I b¨vqcivqbZvq mš‘ó nq|
Ab¨vb¨ eo ivóª¸wj‡Z GKB mgq ¶gZvmxb miKv‡ii
`„wóf½x wQj Î“wUc~Y© , êlg¨gyjK I Amnbkxj| †¯úb
GUv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i wb †h ¯ú¨vbxk DcØx‡c gymwjg I
Bqvn~`x ‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡e| ZvB GB `yB m¤cÖ`v‡qi Dc‡iB
†¯úb fqven mš¿vm Pvwc‡q †`q|
BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ †`‡k Bqvn~`x iv wbh©vwZZ nq ( †hgb
myweav ewÂZ wewfbœ GjvKvq Bqvn~`x iv e›`x wQj ) ïaygvÎ GB
Kvi‡Y †h Zviv Bûw` Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv Zuviv wbwe©Pv‡i
MYnZ¨vi wkKvi nq | L„÷vbiv Ggb wK wb‡R‡ì a‡g©iB
Ab¨ g‡Zi `j‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| 16 I 17
kZvãx‡Z K¨v_wjK I cÖ‡Uó¨vb‡ì g‡a¨ msNl© I e¨vcK
nZ¨vKvÛ BD‡ivc‡K i‡³i g‡a¨ Wywe‡q †`q| GB
K¨v_wjK I cÖ‡Uó¨vb‡ì msN‡l©i GKwU djvdj n‡jv
1618 †_‡K 1648 L„÷vã ch©š— `xN© 30 eQ‡ii hy×| GB
hy‡×i cwiYvg n‡jv ga¨ BD‡ivc GKwU hy‡×i gq`v‡b
cwiYZ nq , Avi ïay Rvg©vbx‡ZB 15 wgwjqb RbmsL¨vi
g‡a¨ cÖwZ wZbR‡bi GKRb Lyb nq| GUv weZ‡K©i D‡aŸ©
GKwU M~i“Z¡c~Y© mZ¨ †h , G ai‡Yi cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨
A‡Uvgvb kvmb wQj P~ovš—fv‡e gvbweK| A‡bK HwZnvwmK
I ivóªweÁvbx GB m‡Zï w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb|
G‡ì GKRb n‡jb Kjw¤^qv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ga¨cÖvP¨ wel‡q

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we‡klÁ wek¦weL¨vZ Aa¨vcK GWIqvW© mvC` |
†Ri“mv‡j‡gi GK L„÷vb cwievi †_‡K AvMZ mvC` Zuvi
Rb¥f~wg †_‡K eû `~‡i gvwK©b wek¦we`¨vjq¸wj‡Z e‡m Zuvi
M‡elYvKvR Pvwj‡q hvb| BmivB‡ji cwÎKv Ha'aretz Gi
mv‡_ GK mv¶vZKv‡i wZwb Ô A‡Uvgvb kvmb e¨ve¯’viÕ
mycvwik K‡ib , hw` ga¨cÖv‡P¨ ¯’vqx kvwš— cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z
nq| mvC` hv e‡jb Zvn‡jv : msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`vq wnmv‡e
Bqvn~`x iv wUu‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡e †mfv‡e , †hfv‡e Avie
we‡k¦ Ab¨vb¨ msL¨vjNyiv i¶v †c‡qwQj...........wgj−vZ
c×wZ A‡Uvgvb mvgªv‡R¨ Lye fvj KvR K‡i‡Q; †mmgq
Zuv‡ì †h wbqg wQj Zv Avgv‡ì GLbKvi wbq‡gi Zzjbvq
A‡bK A‡bK gvbweK e‡jB g‡b nq ( UxKv 27) |
BwZnvm †`Lv‡”Q †h , BmjvgB GKgvÎ ag©xq eë¯’v hv
ga¨cÖv‡P¨ b¨vqcivqb, mnbkxj I mnvbyf~wZkxj
kvmbeë¯’vi cÖ¯—ve w`‡Z cv‡i| GB GjvKv †_‡K
A‡Uvgvb kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi ci Av‡Rv ch©š— Gi weKí
†KvbwKQy Av‡m wb| G Kvi‡Y , ga¨cÖv‡P¨ kvwš— Avb‡Z
n‡j A‡Uvgvb Av`k© Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e hvi êwkó¨ wQj
KyiAv‡bi `yBwU †gŠwjK wk¶v : mnbkxjZv I mg‡SvZv|
mwZ¨Kvifv‡e AbymiY Kiv n‡j BmjvgB n‡jv me ai‡Yi
msNl© , Ø›Ø , hy× I mš¿vm e‡Üi mgvavb I kvwš— , b¨vq-
wePvi I mnbkxjZvi Rvwgb`vi|
mš¿v‡mi cÖK…Z wfwË ev KviY : WviDBwbRg I Roev` ZË¡ (
†fvMevw`Zv ev †gwUwi‡qwjRg )
----‡ekxifvM gvbylB g‡b K‡i †h , Pvj©m WviDBbB
cÖ_g weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib , hv êÁvwbK
cÖgvY , ch©‡e¶Y I AbymÜv‡bi Dci cÖwZwôZ| Avm‡j,
mwZ¨ K_v n‡jv †h WviDBb Gi g~j cÖe³v bb Ges GB
gZev` †Kvb êÁvwbK cÖgv‡Yi Dci cÖwZwôZ bq| Roev`
`k©‡bi cÖvPxb gZ‡K mvgvb¨ wKQy e`‡j WviDB‡bi
weeZ©bev` ZË¡ MwVZ n‡q‡Q| hwÌ GB ZË¡ êÁvwbK
cÖgv‡Yi Øviv mgw_©Z bq , Roev` ( †fvMevw`Zv ) `k©‡bi
¯^v‡_© GB gZ‡K AÜfv‡e mg_©b Kiv n‡q‡Q ; ( co„b
nvi“b Bqvwnqvi The Evolution Deceit , Zv nv cvewjkvm© ,
1999)|

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me ai‡bi wech©‡qi g‡a¨B a‡g©vb¥ËZvi cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv
hvq| WviDB‡bi g‡Zi cÖmvi I Roev` Av`k© hv‡K
GB gZ mg_©b K‡i GB `yB‡qi Kvi‡Y Ô gvbyl Kx ?
GB cÖ‡kœi DËi e`‡j wM‡q‡Q| †h gvbyl GB cÖ‡kœi
DË‡i ej‡Zv , Ô gvbyl mªóv KZ©„K m„ó Ges mªóvi
wkLv‡bv my›ì, ˆbwZK Av`k© AbymiY K‡i gvbyl †eu‡P
_vK‡e Õ ; Zuviv wPš—v Kiv ïi“ Ki‡jv Ô gvby‡li m„wó
n‡q‡Q nVvr K‡iB Ges gvbyl Ggb GK cÖvYx hv‡K †eu‡P
_vKvi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡i wb‡R‡ì weKvk NUv‡Z n‡eÕ |
GB eo ai‡bi cÖZviYvi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K mvsNvwZK g~j¨
w`‡Z n‡e| msNl©c~Y© gZev`¸wj †hgb eY©ev` , d¨vwmev`
I mvgëv` Ges Av‡iv A‡bK ee©i wek¦ gZev‡ì wfwË
n‡jv Ø›Ø; GB me gZev`B H cÖZviYvg~jK gZ †_‡K
kw³ †c‡q‡Q| GB wek¦ WviDBwbRg †_‡K †h wech©q
†`‡L‡Q †mUv eB‡qi GB As‡k cix¶v K‡i †`Lv n‡e
Ges †h mš¿vm eZ©gvb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v †mB
mb&ªv‡mi mv‡_ WviDBwbR‡gi m¤úK© cÖKvk Ki‡e|
WviDBwbR‡gi wg_¨v : Ô Rxeb n‡jv Ø›ØÕ
----- WviDBb GKwU g~j Z‡_ï Dci wfwË K‡i
Zvi Z‡Ë¡i weKvk NUvb --- Rxeš— cÖvYxi weKvk
wbf©i K‡i †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi Dci| †h kw³kvjx †m
msMÖv‡g wRZ‡e| †h `~e©j †m †eu‡P _vKvi †hvM¨ bq
Ges ZvB †m civwRZ n‡q we¯§„wZi AZ‡j P‡j hv‡e|
WviDB‡bi g‡Z , †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ GK wbôzi msMÖvg
Ki‡Z nq Ges cÖK…wZ‡Z GK Aš—nxb Ø›Ø Pj‡Q| †h
kw³kvjx †m memgqB `~e©j‡K nwU‡q †`q Ges Gfv‡eB
Dbœqb N‡U| WviDBb Zvi eB‡qi Dc-wk‡ivbvg
†hfv‡e w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡Z GB g‡Zi cÖKvk N‡U |
WviDBb Zvi The Origin of Species ( cÖRvwZi m~Pbv )
eB‡Z GKwU Dc-wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Qb : The Origin of Species
by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races
in the strength for life " ( cÖK…wZi wbe©vPb ev Rxe‡bi
Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b cQ‡›ì RvwZi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi ga¨
w`‡q cÖRvwZi m~Pbv ) | WviDBb gZ †`b †h †eu‡P

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_vKvi msMÖvg gvbeRvwZi wewfbœ `‡ji RbÏ
cÖ‡hvR¨|
GB KvíwbK `vex Abymv‡i wbe©vwPZ RvwZ msMÖv‡g Rqx
n‡e| WviDB‡bi `„wó‡Z cQ‡›ì RvwZ n‡jv BD‡iv‡ci
mv`v gvby‡liv | Avwd«Kvb A_ev Gwkqvi RvwZ‡Mvôxi
gvby‡liv wUu‡K _vKvi msMªv‡g wcwQ‡q covi `‡j|
WviDBb Av‡iv GK avc GwM‡q gZ †`b †h GB
RvwZ‡Mvwôi gvbyliv Lye ZvovZvwo wUu‡K _vKvi msMÖv‡g
m¤ú~Y© civwRZ n‡e Ges c„w_ex †_‡K GK`g nvwi‡q
hv‡e: WviDBb A‡óªwjqvi ¯’vbxq Awaevmx ( DcRvwZ‡ì)
Ges wb‡MÖv‡ì‡K Mwijvi mv‡_ GKB ¯—‡i G‡b Zzjbv K‡ib
I fwel¨revYx K‡ib †h Giv wPiZ‡i nvwi‡q hv‡e|
fviZxq b„ZË¡we` jwjZv we`¨v_©x e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb
WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev` ZË¡ wKfv‡e mgvRweÁv‡b
eY©we‡Øl Pvwc‡q w`‡q‡Q : mgvRweÁvbxiv WviDB‡bi †h
†hvM¨ †mB wUu‡K _vK‡e---GB gZ‡K mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i
Ges Zviv wek¦vm K‡i gvbyl weeZ©‡bi wewfbœ
¯—i †cwi‡q †k¦Zv½ mf¨Zvi m‡e©v”P ¯—‡i †cuŠ‡P‡Q (
UxKv 29)|
WviDB‡bi Aby‡cÖiYvi Drm: g¨vj_v‡mi gZev‡ì
wbôziZv
WviDB‡bi Aby‡cÖiYvi Drm wQj weªwUk A_©bxwZwe`
_gvm g¨vj_v‡mi eB Ô An Essay on the Principle of
Population' ( RbmsL¨v bxwZi Dci GKwU cÖeÜ )|
g¨vj_vm GK cwiKwíZ wnmve †`Lv‡jv †h gvby‡li
msL¨v Lye ZvovZvwo ev‡o| Zvi g‡Z , RbmsL¨v
e„w×‡K g~jZ: wewfbœ wech©qmg~n †hgb hy× , `~wf©¶ Ges
†ivM wbqš¿‡Y iv‡L | ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq , GB wbôzi
`vex Abymv‡i Abïv hv‡Z †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i ZvB wKQy
gvbyl‡K Aek¨B gi‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKv gv‡b
n‡jv mve©¶wYK hy×|
19 kZvãx‡Z g¨vj_v‡mi gZ e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ nq| we‡kl
K‡i , BD‡iv‡ci DuPz mgv‡Ri eyw×e„wËK †kªYx

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g¨vj_v‡mi GB wbôzi aviYv‡K mg_©b K‡ib| 19
kZvãxi BD‡ivc g¨vj_v‡mi RbmsL¨vi bxwZi
`„wóf½x‡K KZUzKz M~i“Z¡ w`‡qwQj Zv †evSv‡Z †Rix
evM©g¨vb Zuvi Ô The Scientific Background of the Nazi "Race
Purification" Programme" ( bvrmx‡ì RvwZMZ ï×ZvKiY
Kg©m~Pxi êÁvwbK cUf~wg )Õ cÖwZ‡e`‡b †j‡Lb : 19
kZvãxi ïi“‡Z cy‡iv BD‡ivc Ry‡o kvmK †kªYxi m`mïv
GKÎ n‡q be- Avwe®K…Z Ô RbmsL¨v mgm¨v Õ wb‡q
Av‡jvPbvq e‡m I eyw× †ei K‡i wKfv‡e g¨vj_vmxq
wb‡`©‡ki ev¯—evqb NwU‡q Mixe‡ì g„Zzï nvi evov‡bv
hvq| ÔÔ cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi Rb¨ mycvwik bv K‡i Avgiv
eis Mixe‡ì Rb¨ wecixZ Af¨vm¸wj‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡ev|
kn‡i Avgiv Aek¨B iv¯—v wPKb K‡i evbv‡ev , †ekx
gvbyl‡K evmvevwo‡Z ivL‡ev I gnvgvix‡K Avgš¿Y
Rvbv‡ev| e× cyKz‡ii cv‡k MÖvg evbv‡Z n‡e Ges
we‡kl K‡i A¯^v¯’¨Ki I ¶wZKi Rjvf~wgi cv‡k
emwZ ¯’vc‡b Drmvn w`‡Z n‡e| ÕÕ Ges GiKg Av‡iv
wKQy ... ( UxKv 30) |
G ai‡bi wbôzi bxwZi Kvi‡Y †h `~e©j Ges †h Rxeb
msMÖvg Kivi kw³ nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q †m aŸsm n‡q hv‡e
; Ges Gi d‡j RbmsL¨vi `ªyZ e„w×‡Z fvimvg¨
Avm‡e|
Mixe‡ì Dci G me ÔAZ¨vPvig~jK bxwZÕ Avm‡jB
19 kZvãx‡Z weª‡U‡b ev¯—evwqZ n‡qwQj| wkí msµvš—
GKwU Av‡`k Rvix Kiv nq hvi d‡j 8 I 9 eQ‡ii
wkky‡ì‡K Kqjv Lwb¸wj‡Z †ivR 16 N›Uv K‡i KvR Ki‡Z
n‡Zv| G Kvi‡Y nvRvi nvRvi wkï kªwgK fqvbK Ki“Y
Ae¯’vi wkKvi n‡q gviv hvq|
g¨vj_v‡mi †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi ZË¡ weª‡U‡bi jvL jvL
gvby‡li Rxeb‡K `y:L-K‡ó cwic~Y© K‡i †`q| GB me
aviYvq cÖfvweZ n‡q WviDBb GB †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi
ZË¡ cy‡iv cÖK…wZi Dci cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges e‡j , †h †hvM¨ I
kw³kvjx †mB GB msMÖv‡g weRqx n‡e| WviDBb Av‡iv
`vex K‡i †h GB msMÖvg b¨vqm½Z I cÖK…wZi Aj•Nbxq
weavb| gvbyl‡K ejv nq †hb Zuviv ag©xq wek¦vm‡K
cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ges me ai‡bi ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva hv GB

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wbôzi bxwZ ev¯—evq‡bi c‡¶ euvav n‡Z cv‡i , †mB
me bxwZ‡K Zz”Q Ki‡Z †k†L|
wesk kZvãx‡Z gvbeZv‡K Pig g~j¨ w`‡Z nq Gme
Abyf~wZnxb gZv`k© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ hv gvbyl‡K wbôzi I
wbg©gZvi c‡_ wb‡q hvq|
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i wfZ ˆZix‡Z WviDBwbR‡gi fywgKv:
WviDBwbRg †h‡nZz BD‡iv‡ci ms¯‹…wZ‡K wbqš¿Y KiwQj ,
ZvB †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ msMÖvg Z‡Ë¡i bvbv cÖwZwµqv
mgv‡R j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
BD‡ivcxq Jcwb‡ewkK RvwZ¸wj †hme †`k‡K Dcwb‡e‡k
cwiYZ K‡iwQj Zuv‡`i‡K Ô weeZ©‡bi cðvZMvgx RvwZÕ (
Evolutionary backward nation ) wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i Ges Gi
ˆeaZv †c‡Z WviDBwbR‡gi Avkªq †bq| 1914 mv‡j
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ïi“ nIqv WviDBwbR‡gi me‡P‡q wbôzi I
i³v³ ivR‰bwZK djvdj|
BD‡iv‡ci ‡mB mg‡qi kvmK ‡kªYxi WviDBwbR‡g wek¦vmB
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i wfZ ˆZix K‡i| hy‡×i Ab¨Zg cÖavb GB
KviY‡K weª‡U‡bi BwZnvm wel‡qi GK weL¨vZ Aa¨vcK
†Rgm Rj Zuvi Europe Since 1870 eB‡Z e¨vL¨v K‡ib
......................GUv †evSv M~i“Z¡c~Y© †h Ô †eu‡P _vKvi
msMÖvg Õ I Ô†h †ekx †hvM¨ †mB †eu‡P _vK‡eÕ GB
gZev`¸wj‡K wek¦hy‡×i Av‡Mi eQi¸wj‡Z BD‡iv‡ci
msL¨vMwiô †bZviv wKfv‡e Av¶wiK A‡_© MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
hy‡×i c‡i A‡óªv-nv‡½wiqvb Pxd Ad ÷vd Franz Baron
Conrad von Hoetzendorff Zuvi ¯§„wZK_vq †j‡Lb: gvbe wn‰Zlx
ag©mg~n , ˆbwZK wk¶v I `vk©wbK gZ¸wj gv‡Sgv‡S Aek¨B
gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi wbg©g c×wZ‡K `~e©j K‡i
†`q : Z‡e Gme KL‡bvB we‡k¦i g~j Pvjbvkw³ wnmv‡e G‡K
( WviDBwbRg‡K ) cy‡ivcywi `~i Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e bv| H
gnvb bxwZ Abymv‡iB PvwjKv kw³¸wji dj gnvhy‡×i Ab_©

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wewfbœ ivóª I gvby‡li Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q ; GUv GK eRªcv‡Zi
g‡Zv hv cÖK…wZi wbqg Abyhvqx Aek¨¤¢vex|
A‡óªv-nv‡½wiqvb ivRZš¿‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ hy‡×i c‡¶
Kb‡i‡Wi GB †R` †evaMg¨| Avgiv GUvI †`L‡Z cvB †h,
GBme `„wóf½x ïaygvÎ mvgwiK e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨B mxgve×
wQj bv| ‡hgb Max Weber Avš—R©vwZK A½‡b †eu‡P _vKvi
msMÖvg wb‡q LyeB DwØMœ wQ‡jb| GQvov , 1914 mv‡j
Rvg©vb P¨v‡Ýji Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Gi
e¨w³MZ mnKvix Kurt Riezler ‡j‡Lb :gvby‡l gvby‡li
m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ wPiš—b I Awbqwš¿Z N„Yv †mB Avw`gKvj
†_‡KB ¯^vfvweK welq Ges †h kÎ“Zv Avgiv me RvqMvq
†`wL ---GUv gvbecÖK…wZi weK…Z gvbwmKZv bq eis
c„w_exi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb I Rxe‡bi Drm ( UxKv 31) |
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i GKRb †Rbv‡ij Friedrich von Bernardi
gvbem„ó hy× I cÖK…wZ‡Z †h msMÖvg i‡q‡Q GB `yB‡qi g‡a¨
GK Mfxi m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib| evY©viWx e‡jb , hy× n‡jv
RxeweÁv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| cÖK…wZi Dcv`vb¸wji Rb¨
Rxeb msMÖvg hZUv ìKvi , hy×I wVK ZZUvB Acwinvh©|
†h‡nZz Gi wm×vš—¸wj wbf©i K‡i mswk−ó mewKQyi êwk‡óï
Dc‡iB , ZvB RxeweÁv‡bi `„wó‡Z GwU h_v_© wm×vš—
†`q ( UxKv 32) |
Avgiv †`wL †h , 1g wek¦hy× ïi“ nq BD‡ivcxq wPš—vwe` ,
‡Rbv‡ij I kvmK‡ì Rb¨ | Giv hy× , i³cvZ I `y:L-
Kó‡K GK ai‡Yi Dbœqb wnmv‡e †`L‡Zv Ges g‡b Ki‡Zv
†h Gme n‡jv cÖK„wZi Aj•Nbxq AvBb| †h Av`k©MZ wfwË
GB cÖRb¥‡K Ggb aŸsmvZœK ch©v‡q wb‡q wM‡q‡Q , Zv Avi
wKQyB bq eis WviDB‡bi †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖvg I Ô cQ‡›ì
RvwZmg~n Õ gZev`| cÖ_g gnvhy‡× Avwk j¶ gvbyl gviv
hvq , kZ kZ bMix aŸsm nq Ges j¶ j¶ gvbyl AvnZ nq
, †Luvov nq , M„nnxb nq I †eKvi n‡q c‡o| GB hy‡×i
GKzk eQi ci wØZxq wek¦hy× nq| H hy‡×i d‡j 5 †KvwU
50 j¶ gvbyl gviv hvq| GB hy‡×iI g~j KviY wQj
WviDBwbRg|
Ô R½‡ji bxwZ Õ †Kvb c‡_ gvbyl‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i ? DËi
n‡jv : d¨vmxev`
19 kZvãx‡Z WviDBb eY©‰el¨‡gi BÜb †`q| WviDBwbRg
Ggb GK gZv`‡k©i wfwË MVY K‡i hv weKwkZ n‡q wesk

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kZvãx‡Z c„w_ex‡K i‡³i g‡a¨ †U‡b bvgvq --- Zv
n‡jv bvrmxev`|
bvrmxev‡ì g‡a¨ WviDBwbR‡gi †Rviv‡jv cÖfve j¶¨
Kiv hvq| GWjd wnUjvi I Avj‡d«W †iv‡RbevM© †h
bvrmx gZv`k© cÖwZôv K‡i , Zv cix¶v Kivi mgq GKRb
G me aviYv †`L‡e †hgb : Ô cÖK…wZi wbe©vPb Õ ( natural
selection ) , wbe©vwPZ cÖRbb m½x ( selective mating ), Ô
cÖRvwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖvg (the struggle for survival
between the races ) | GB me aviYv¸wj evievi WviDB‡bi
Z‡Ë¡ ejv n‡q‡Q|
wnUjvi Zvi Ô Avgvi msMÖvg
( Mein Kampf ) eBwU iPbvi mgq WviDB‡bi Ô †eu‡P _vKvi
msMÖvg Õ I Ô †h †kªôZi †mB weRqx n‡e Õ GBme bxwZ‡Z
AbycÖvwYZ nq| wnUjvi we‡klfv‡e wewfbœ RvwZ‡Mvwôi
g‡a¨ msMÖv‡gi Dci M~i“Z¡ †`q ; BwZnvm †MŠi‡ev¾¡j I
Zzjbvnxb GK ¯^Y©hyM mvgªv‡Rï kxl©we›`y‡Z †cuŠQv‡e hvi
wfwË n‡e bZzb GK RvwZMZ KZ…©Z¡ ; GUv cÖK…wZi wb‡RiB
wVK K‡i †`qv fvM¨ ( UxKv 33)|
1933 mv‡j by‡igev‡M©i GK `jxq mfvq wnUjvi †NvlYv
K‡i , Ô ‡kªôZi RvwZ Zvi †_‡K bxPz RvwZ‡K Aaxb¯’
Ki‡e ----GwU Avgiv cÖK…wZ‡Z †`L‡Z cvB Ges GwU‡K
GKwU GKK AwaKvi wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i( UxKv
34)|
bvrmxiv †h WviDB‡bi gZev‡` cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj GUv Ggb
Ggb GK mZ¨ hv ej‡Z †M‡j †ekxifvM BwZnvmwe`B hviv
GB wel‡q we‡klÁ Zuviv ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| The Rise of
Fascism ( d¨vmxev`xev‡ì DÌvb ) eB‡qi †jLK wcUvi
wµmc GB mZ¨‡K Gfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb : evbi RvZxq
cÖvYx †_‡K gvby‡li weeZ©b N‡U‡Q ---Pvj©m WviDB‡bi
GB ZË¡ cÖ_‡g hLb cÖKvwkZ nq ZLb Zv VvÆv-Zvgvkvi
wkKvi nq wKš‘ c‡i GUvB e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ nq| bvrmxiv
WviDB‡bi gZ‡K weK…Z K‡i hy× I eY©‰elg¨‡K êaZv
w`‡Z GB gZev`‡K eënvi K‡i (UxKv 35)|

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wnUjv‡ii Dci WviDB‡bi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© HwZnvwmK
wnKg¨vb eY©bv K‡ib : ( wnUjvi ) wQj weeZ©bev‡` `„p
wek¦vmx I GB gZ‡K †m cÖPvi Ki‡Zv| Zvi gvbwmK
PwiÎ hZ `~‡f©`¨ , Mfxi ev `~‡e©va¨ †nvK bv †Kb , GUv
wbwðZ †h { msMÖv‡gi ZË¡ wQj M~i“Z¡c~Y© †Kbbv } wnUjvi
Zvi eB Mein Kampf G AZ¨š— ¯úófv‡e cÖv‡Yi weKvk
msµvš— weeZ©b gZev` wb‡q Zvi wKQy aviYv D‡j−L K‡ib
--- we‡kl K‡i †h¸wj msMÖv‡gi Dci M~i“Z¡ †`q †hgb Ô
†h †kªô †mB wU‡K _vK‡e Õ Ges `~e©‡ji Acmvib K‡i
DbœZ mgvR cÖwZôv Kiv .....( UxKv 36) |
wnUjvi GBme gZev` wb‡q Avwef©~Z nq Ges c„w_ex‡K
†Rvi K‡i Ggb mš¿v‡mi g‡a¨ †U‡b bvgvq †hgbwU Av‡M
KL‡bv †`Lv hvq wb| A‡bK ag©xq I ivR‰bwZK `jmg~n
we‡kl K‡i Bqvn~`x iv bvrmx K¨v‡¤ú mvsNvwZK wbg©gZvi
Ges wbôzi nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wkKvi nq| bvrmx Awfhv‡bi mv‡_
mv‡_ †h wØZxq wek¦hy× ïi“ nq , Zv‡Z 55 wgwjqb
gvby‡li g„Zy¨ nq| we‡k¦i BwZnv‡mi Ab¨Zg Ki“Y GB
NUbvi †cQ‡bi Kvib n‡jv WviDB‡bi Ô †eu‡P _vKvi
msMÖvg ZË¡Õ |
GKwU i³v³ RywU : WviDBwbRg I KwgDwbRg:
mvgvwRK WviDBwbR‡gi Wvbcš’x `‡j d¨vmxev`x‡ì
‡`L‡Z cvIqv hvq ; Avi evgcš’x `jwU n‡jv KwgDwb÷‡ì
`L‡j| Giv WviDBb g‡Zi me‡P‡q ivMx I wnsmª
mg_©K‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| WviDBwbRg I KwgDwbR‡gi
g‡a¨ †h m¤úK© Zvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q GB `yB Ô gZev‡ì Õ
cÖeZ©Kiv| WviDB‡bi The Origin of Species (
cÖRvwZi m~Pbv ) gZev`wU cÖKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_B
KwgDwbR‡gi cÖe³vØq gvK©m I G‡½jm GB gZwU c‡o I Gi
g‡a¨ †fvMev`x Øvw›ØK
e¯—ev‡ì gvbwmKZv †`‡L Awff~Z nq| gvK©m I G‡½jm
Gi g‡a¨ †h wPwVcÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq Zv‡Z †`Lv hvq , GB
`yR‡bB WviDB‡bi ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb †h , Ô
KwgDwbR‡gi cÖavb Dcv`vb G‡Z i‡q‡Q Õ|
WviDB‡bi g‡Z cÖfvweZ G‡½jm Zvi The Dialectics of
Nature ( cÖK…wZi Øvw›ØK e¯—ev` ) eB‡Z WviDB‡bi D”QwmZ
cÖksmv K‡ib ; Ges ÔÔThe Part Played by Labour in the
Transition from Ape to Man." Z‡Ë¡ wb‡RI wKQy Ae`vb ivLvi

87
87
†Póv K‡ib| †h me i“k KwgDwb÷ gvK©m I G‡½jm
Gi Abymvix wQj †hgb Plekhanov, ‡jwbb, UªUw¯‹ I
÷¨vwjb ----Giv mevB WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev` g‡Zi mv‡_
GKgZ wQ‡jb| Plekhanov , hv‡K i“k mvgëv‡ì cÖwZôvZv
ejv nq wZwb gvK©mev`‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb Ô mgvR
weÁv‡b WviDBwbR‡gi cÖ‡qvM Õ wnmv‡e (UxKv 37) |
UªUw¯‹ e‡jb , cÖvYxRM‡Zi †`nhš¿ welqK f~e‡b
WviDB‡bi ÔØ›Øg~jK e¯Ëev` Õ Gi Avwe®‹vi n‡jv
me‡P‡q eo mvdj¨ (UxKv 38)|
KwgDwbó `‡ji m`m¨‡ì ˆZix Ki‡Z WviDBwbR‡gi
wk¶v GKwU eo f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †hgb , BwZnvmweìv
GB mZ¨ Zz‡j a‡ib †h ÷¨vwjb Zi“Y eq‡m avwg©K wQj
; wKš‘ c‡i g~jZ: WviDB‡bi eB‡qi cÖfv‡e †m bvw¯—K n‡q
c‡o| Px‡b KwgDwb÷ kvmb cÖwZôv Ges j¶ j¶ gvbyl‡K
nZ¨vi Rb¨ `vqx e¨w³ n‡jv gvI | †m cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv
†`q †h Ô Pxbv mgvRZš¿ WviDBb I Zvi weeZ©bev` g‡Zi
Dci cÖwZwôZ ÕÕ (UxKv 39) |
gvI‡qi Dci WviDBwbR‡gi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© nvf©vW©
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnvmwe` †Rgm wif cy‡k Zuvi
M‡elYvgyjK eB China and Charles DarwinG we¯—vwiZ
wj‡L‡Qb | ms‡¶‡c weeZ©bev` gZ I KwgDwbR‡gi g‡a¨
m¤úK© Awe‡”Q`¨| weeZ©bev` `vex K‡i †h Rxeš— cÖvYxi
m„wó n‡jv GK AvKw¯§K NUbv Ges GB ZË¡ bvw¯—KZvi
c‡¶ Z_vKw_Z weÁvbwfwËK mg_©b †`q|
KwgDwbRg n‡jv GK bvw¯—K gZv`k© ; ZvB GB gZ
WviDBwbR‡gi mv‡_ Nwbôfv‡e m¤úK©hy³| GQvovI ,
weeZ©bev` ZË¡ GUvB cÖ¯—ve K‡i †h , cÖK…wZ‡Z †h Ø›Ø (
Ab¨ fvlvq Ô †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖvg Õ ) i‡q‡Q Zvi Rb¨B
cÖK…wZ‡Z Dbœqb m¤¢e nq , †mRb¨ cÖK…wZi GB Ø›Ø abëv`
cvIqvi †hvM¨| GB ZË¡ KwgDwbR‡gi g~j wfwË Ø›Øg~jK
e¯Ëev` (Òdialectics" ) gZ‡K mg_©b K‡i| Avgiv hw`
KwgDwbó gZ Ô Ø›Øg~jK e¯Ëev` Õ Gi K_v wPš—v Kwi hv
GKwU Ô nZ¨vKvix hš¿ Õ wnmv‡e wesk kZvãx‡Z 120
wgwjqb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q ; Zvn‡j Avgiv Av‡iv

88
88
fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡ev WviDBwbRg GB c„w_ex‡Z
wKfv‡e bvbvgvÎvq wech©q m„wó K‡i‡Q|
Ø›Øg~jK e¯‘ev` mgv‡R Dbœqb‡K jvjb K‡i bv , eis G‡K
aŸsm K‡i:
Avgiv Av‡MB †R‡bwQ WviDBwbRg cÖ¯—ve K‡i †h wewfbœ
cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ Ø›Ø n‡jv Zv‡ì Dbœq‡Yi KviY Ges GB
g‡Zi c‡¶ Z_vKw_Z êÁvwbK mg_©bI GB ZË¡ AR©b
K‡i‡Q| bv‡gB †evSv hvq †h, Ø›Øg~jK e¯‘ev‡ì wfwË
n‡jv Ô msNvZÕ| Kvj© gvK©m , GB `k©‡bi cÖwZôvZv GB gZ
cÖPvi K‡i †h ÔÔ hw` msNvZ I we‡ivwaZv bv _vK‡Zv ,
Zvn‡j me wKQyB †hgb Ae¯’vq wQj †ZgbB _vK‡Zv | ÕÕ
Ab¨ GK RvqMvq gvK©m e‡j , Ô kw³ n‡jv †h †Kvb cyiv‡bv
mgv‡Ri Rb¨ avÎx¯î“c; hv bZzb mšZv‡bi R‡b¥ mvnvh¨
K‡iÕ (UxKv 40) | GB K_v e‡j Z_vKw_Z DbœwZi Rb¨
gvbyl‡K mš¿vm , hy× I i³¶‡qi Rb¨ gvK©m Drmvn †`q |
†jwbb cÖ_g ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î gvK©‡mi ZË¡ cÖ‡qvM K‡i|
we‡ivax‡ì mv‡_ Ø›Ø-msNv‡Zi d‡j DbœwZ nq Õ GB gZ‡K
jvjb K‡i †jwbb Drmvn †`q †h wecixZ g‡Zi gvbyl‡ì
g‡a¨ memgq Aek¨B Ø›Ø -msNvZ _vK‡e| ‡jwbb evievi
e‡j †h GB Ø‡›Øi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb i³¶q ; hv n‡jv mš¿vm|
†jwb‡bi GKwU iPbv Guerrilla Warfare ( †Mwijv‡ì hy× ) hv
1906 mv‡j ej‡kwfK wec−‡ei GMv‡iv eQi Av‡M
Proletary †Z cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq ; Zv‡Z mš¿v‡mi c×wZ MÖnY
Kiv nq : †h wel‡q Avgiv AvMÖnx Zvn‡jv mk¯¿ msMÖvg; GwU
e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q Ges †QvÆ †QvÆ `j w`‡q cwiPvwjZ nq|
G‡ì g‡a¨ †KD wec−ex `‡ji m`m¨ , Avevi †KD ( ivwkqvi
wKQy GjvKvi AwaKvskB ) wec−ex `‡ji m`m¨ bq|
mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb Pvjv‡bv nq `yBwU wfbœ wfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨
†h¸wj‡K m¤ú~Y© Avjv`vfv‡eB wPwýZ Kiv DwPr| cÖ_gZ:
GB msMÖv‡gi j¶¨ n‡jv gvbyl‡ì †hgb †mbvevwnbx I
cywj‡ki cÖavb Kg©KZ©v I Zv‡ì Aaxb¯’ Kg©KZ©v ,
Kg©Pvix‡ì‡K Lyb ; wØZxqZ: miKvix I e¨w³ ch©v‡qi A_©
jyU Kiv| GB A‡_©i wKQyUv hvq `jxq dv‡Û ; wKQy LiP nq

89
89
mk¯¿ Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwk¶Y I †m¸wji ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨
we‡kl c~i‡Y ; wKQy A_© KiP nq †h msMÖv‡gi K_v Avgiv
ejwQ Zvi mv‡_ RwoZ‡`i LiP †gUv‡Z ( UxKv 41)|
wesk kZvãx‡Z KwgDwbó we‡ivax gZv`‡k©i g‡a¨ d¨vmxev`x
gZ wQj en~j cÖPvwiZ| gRvi e¨cvi n‡jv , hw`I
d¨vmxev` †NvlYv K‡i †h GUv KwgDwbó we‡ivax , GB gZ
wKš‘ KwgDwbó Av`‡k©i gZB msMÖv‡g wek¦vm Ki‡Zv|
KwgDwbóiv †kªYx msMÖv‡g wek¦vmx wQj Ges d¨vwmev`xiv
ïaygvÎ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi †¶ÎwU e`‡j wewfbœ RvwZ I iv‡óªªi
g‡a¨ msMÖv‡gi aviYvwU MÖnY K‡i| †hgb , KzL¨vZ
eY©we‡Ølx I bvrmx aviYvi Ab¨Zg M~i“Z¡c~Y© m~Î Rvg©vb
BwZnvmwe` Heirnich Treitschke ‡j‡Lb , Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
Qvov RvwZ¸wji c‡¶ DbœwZ Kiv m¤¢e bq ; †hgbwU nq
WviDB‡bi Rxeb msMÖv‡g ( UxKv 42&) |
wnUjviI GUvB e‡j †h , WviDB‡bi msMÖv‡gi gZ †_‡KB
wZwb Drmvn †c‡q‡Qb : cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡oB cÖK„wZ‡Z
kw³kvjx I `~e©‡ji g‡a¨ kw³i jovB Pj‡Q ----`~e©‡ji
Dci me‡ji Aš—nxb weRq NU‡Q| GB msMÖvg bv _vK‡j
cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kej AebwZB NU‡e| †h euvP‡Z Pvq Zv‡K hy×
Ki‡Z n‡e| GB c„w_ex‡Z cÖK…wZi AvBb GUvB †h msMÖvg
Pj‡ZB _vK‡e | ZvB †h hy× Ki‡Z Pvq bv Z‡e †eu‡P
_vKvi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB (UxKv 43 )|
GB `yB WviDBbwfwËK mvgvwRK Av`k©MZ gZev` wek¦vm
K‡i †h , GKwU mgvR‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z msNl© I i³¶q
Acwinvh©| Giv wesk kZvãx‡Z hv K‡i‡Q Zv mevB Rv‡b|
AmsL¨ wbiciva gvbyl gviv wM‡q‡Q ; Av‡iv A‡bK gvbyl nq
AvnZ A_ev weKjv½ nq ; †`‡k †`‡k RvZxq A_©bxwZ
†f‡½ c‡o ; †h UvKv-cqmv Av‡M LiP Kiv n‡Zv ¯^v¯’¨ ,
M‡elYv , cÖhyw³ , wk¶v I wkíKjv‡Z -----†mB UvKv
GLb LiP Kiv n‡jv A¯¿ wKb‡Z , µq Kiv A‡¯¿i AvNv‡Z
†h ¶‡Zi m„wó n‡qwQj †mLv‡b evavi Rb¨ e¨v‡ÛR wKb‡Z
I Ges aŸsmcÖvß bMix‡K Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Avb‡Z|
mg‡qi mv‡_ GUv cÖgvwYZ n‡jv †h msMÖvg I mš¿vm gvby‡li
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK bq eis GUv aŸsmKvix|
Aek¨B GB c„w_ex‡Z ci¯úi we‡ivwaZv i‡q‡Q| †hgbwU
cÖK…wZ‡Z i‡q‡Q Av‡jv I AÜKvi , w`b I ivZ , Mig I
VvÛv ; †Zgwb wewfbœ g‡Zi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ‡¶‡ÎI wfbœZv
_vK‡e| wKš‘ wfbœ gZ _vK‡jB msNvZ Acwinvh© bq| eis

90
90
Gi wecix‡Z ejv hvq , hw` wfbœ gZ‡K MÖnY Kiv nq
mnbkxjZv , kvwš— , mg‡SvZv , fvjevmv , mnvbyf~wZ I
¶gvi `„wóf½x w`‡q , Zvn‡j fvj cÖwZwµqv cvIqv m¤¢e|
cÖ‡Z¨‡K hw` wb‡Ri gZ‡K Ab¨ g‡Zi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i
Zvn‡j †m wb‡Ri g‡Zi †`vl-ÎywU¸wj ms‡kvab K‡i
wb‡Ri Av`k©‡K Av‡iv DbœZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| hviv
wfbœgZ‡K, mg_©b K‡i Zviv I ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ fve-
wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i I MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ïaygvÎ Avš—wiK , ¶gvkxj , kvwš—wcÖq I f`ª e¨w³ †h wKbv
cweÎ KziAv‡bi ˆbwZK wk¶v‡K †g‡b P‡j , †m GB
gvbwmKZv †`Lv‡Z cv‡i| GKRb‡K Lyb K‡i †d‡jv ev Zvi
¶wZ K‡iv ïaygvÎ GB Kvi‡Y †h †m wfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡i
ev wfbœ a‡g© wek¦vmx A_ev †m wfbœ RvwZi ----GUv
AZ¨š— wbôziZv|
ïaygvÎ GB Kvi‡Y BwZnv‡mi cvZvq I cy‡iv we‡k¦
Avgiv †`wL †h GKB †`‡ki bvix I cyi“‡liv G‡K Abï
wei“‡× Avg„Zy¨ msMÖvg Ki‡Q , Ab¨‡K Lyb Ki‡Q †Kvb
`qv-gvqv bv †`wL‡q A_ev Ab¨ RvwZ ev †`‡ki gvbyl‡K
bvix I wkgy‡ì‡Kmn wbwe©Pv‡i Lyb Kiv n‡”Q| GgbwU Kiv
Zvi c‡¶B m¤¢e hvi g‡b Ab¨ gvbyl m¤ú‡K© †KvbiKg
kª×v †bB Ges Zvi mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z GKRb‡K †h ïaygvÎ
eyw×gvb cÖvYx wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Q ; G n‡”Q Ggb GK
e¨w³ †h wek¦vm K‡i bv †h Zv‡K mªóvi Kv‡Q wb‡Ri
cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡Z n‡e| wfbœ g‡Zi cÖwZ
mwVK I †miv g‡bvfve Kx Zv cweÎ KyiAv‡b ejv n†q‡Q|
wfbœ g‡Zi gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ bvbv msN‡l©i Kvwnbx BwZnv‡m
Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB ; Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg weL¨vZ D`vniY
n‡jv nhiZ gymv (Av: ) I Zvi mgqKvi †divD‡bi
gZwe‡iva | †divD‡bi me ai‡Yi wbôziZv I AvMÖvm‡bi
c‡iI gymv ( Av: ) †K Avj−vn †divD‡bi Kv‡Q cvVv‡jb
mªóvi a‡g©i cÖwZ `vIqvZ w`‡Z |
gymv ( Av: ) Avj−vnÕi Av‡`k cvjb K‡ib I †divD‡bi
Kv‡Q we¯—vwiZ mZ¨ ag©‡K e¨vL¨v K‡ib| †divDb
mªóv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges gvby‡li mv‡_ wbôzi AvPiY
K‡i---Gme eÜ Kivi Rb¨ gymv ( Av: ) AZ¨š— â‡h©i

91
91
mv‡_ me wKQy †divD‡bi Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v K‡ib| †divDb
Aek¨ kÎ“Zvg~jK g‡bvfve ‡`Lvq nhiZ gymv (Av: ) Gi
cweÎ PwiÎ I âh©kxj gvbwmKZvi cÖwZ , Lyb Kivi
ûgwK †`q Zuv‡K I Zuvi Abymvix‡ì| wKš‘ †kl ch©š—
‡divD‡bi gvbwmKZvi Rq nq wb| eis †m I Zvi
`jej cvwb‡Z Wy‡e hvq| gymv ( Av: ) I Zuvi
AbymvixivB weRqx nq| GB D`vniY GUvB †kLvq †h ,
kÎ“Zv ev AvMÖvmb w`‡q †Kvb Av`‡k©i Rq ev Dbœq‡bi
msMÖvg mdj nq bv|
nhiZ gymv (Av: ) I †divD‡bi mv¶vZ Avgv‡ì‡K
BwZnvm †_‡K GUvB wk¶v †`q †h: hviv SMov-weev` I
wbôziZv K‡i Zviv Rqx nq bv wKš‘ hviv kvwš— I b¨v‡qi
c‡¶ , ZvivB cÖK…Z Rqx| `ywbqvi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ cieZ©x
AbšZKv‡ji Rxeb ----GB `yB RvqMv‡ZB PgrKvi
‰bwZK AvPi‡Yi cyi¯‹vi gvbyl cvq|
WviDBwbRg I mš¿vm:
Avgiv G ch©š— hv †`Ljvg , mš¿vmg~jK wewfbœ Av`‡k©i
g~‡j i‡q‡Q WviDBwbRg hvi d‡j wesk kZvãx‡Z
gvbeRvwZ‡K bvbv wech©‡qi g‡a¨ ‡h‡Z n‡q‡Q | GB
gZev` I Dcjwäi wfwË n‡jv ÔÔ †h Avgvi `‡ji bv
†m †hB †nvK bv †Kb , Zvi mv‡_ hy× K‡iv| ÕÕ
GB c„w_ex‡Z wewfbœ wek¦vm , `„wóf½x I `k©b i‡q‡Q GUv
LzeB ¯^vfvweK †h , GB wewfbœ gZv`‡k©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
_vK‡e , G‡K A‡bï wecixZ g‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| GB
gZcv_©K¨‡K bx‡P D‡j−wLZ `yBwU Dcv‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb
GKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kiv hvq : 1| Zviv Ab¨ gZ‡K kª&×v
Ki‡e hwÌ Ab¨c¶ Zuv‡ì g‡Zv bq Ges Ab¨ g‡Zi
gvbyl‡ì mv‡_ Zuviv msjv‡c hv‡e; gvbweK †Kvb Dcvq
Aejv¤^b Ki‡e| Aek¨B , GB c×wZ KyiAv‡bi
bxwZgvjvi Abymvix|
2| Zviv Ab¨ c‡¶i mv‡_ msN‡l© hv‡e Ges Zv‡ì ¶wZ
K‡i wb‡R‡ì myweav wbwðZ Ki‡e| Ab¨ fvlvq ejv hvq
, wnsmª Rš‘i g‡Zv AvPiY Ki‡e| e¯Ëev`x g‡bvfve GB
c×wZ AbymiY K‡i , a‡g©i mv‡_ Gi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB|
Zxeª fq I AvZsK hv‡K Avgiv Ô mš¿vm Õ ewj Zv Avi
wKQyB bq eis wØZxq g‡Zi cÖKvk|
Avgiv hLb GB `yBwU `„wóf½xi cv_©‡Kï K_v wPš—v Kwi ,
ZLb ‡`wL †h , Ô gvbyl n‡”Q hy×evR cÖvYx ÕÕ GB aviYvwU

92
92
WviDB‡bi ZË¡ gvby‡li Ae‡PZb g‡b XywK‡q
w`‡q‡Q hv LyeB cÖfve we¯—viKvix , e¨w³MZ I `jMZfv‡e
hviv GB msNv‡Zi c_‡K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q Zviv nq‡Zv KL‡bv
WviDBwbRg I GB Av`‡k©i bxwZ m¤ú‡K© wKQy †kv‡b wb;
wKš‘ †kl ch©š— Zviv Ggb GK gZ‡K mg_©b K‡i hvi
Av`‡k©i wfwË n‡jv WviDBwbRg |
Zv‡ì cQ‡›ì Av`k© Zv‡ì‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i wb‡q hvq
†mB wek¦v‡mi w`‡K hvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q WviDBwbRgg~jK
†k−vMvbmg~n †hgb : ÔÔ GB c„w_ex‡Z †h kw³kvjx †mB
wUu‡K _vK‡e ÕÕ , ÔÔ eo gvQ †QvU gvQ‡K wM‡j †d‡j ÕÕ, ÔÔ
hy× gnvb ÕÕ I ÔÔ hy‡×i gva¨‡g gvbyl DbœwZi c‡_ GwM‡q
hvq ÕÕ| WviDBwbRg‡K mwi‡q †dj‡j Gme †k−vMvb
G‡Kev‡i A_©nxb n‡q c‡o|
mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© , WviDBwbRg bv _vK‡j †Kvb msNv‡Zi
`k©bB _v‡K bv| †h wZbwU Hk¦wiK a‡g© c„w_exi AwaKvsk
gvbyl wek¦vm K‡i †hgb Bmjvg , L„÷ag© I Bqvn~`x ag©--
-GB wZbwUB mš¿v‡mi we‡ivax | GB wZb ag©B c„w_ex‡Z
kvwš— I HK¨ Avb‡Z Pvq Ges wbiciva gvbyl‡K nZ¨v ,
wbôziZv I AZ¨vPv‡ii we‡ivax | msNvZ I mš¿vm gvby‡li
Rb¨ Avj−vnÕi wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv‡K j•Nb K‡i Ges GUv
n‡jv A¯^vfvweK I AbvKvw•LZ gZev`mg~n| Aek¨ ,
WviDBwbRg Ø›Ø I mš¿vm‡K wPwýZ K‡i ¯^vfvweK , b¨vq
I mwVK gZ wnmv‡e hvi Aw¯—Z¡ Acwinvh©|
GRb¨ hw` wKQy gvbyl Bmjvg , L„÷ I Bqvn~`x a‡g©i bv‡g
I ag©xq cÖZxK eënvi K‡i mš¿vm K‡i Z‡e Avcwb wbwðZ
_vKzb †h Giv Avm‡j gymjgvb , L„÷vb A_ev Bqvn~`x bq |
Giv n‡”Q mwZ¨Kv‡ii WviDBbcš’x , Zviv a‡g©i QÙ‡ek
aviY K‡i‡Q , Giv mwZ¨Kv‡ii wek¦vmx bq| hwÌ Giv `vex
K‡i †h Zviv a‡g©i c‡_ KvR Ki‡Q , Zviv Avm‡j ag© I
ag©wek¦vmx‡ì kÎ“| KviY , Giv AZ¨š— wbôziZvi mv‡_ Ggb
Aciva Ki‡Q hv a‡g© wbwl× ; Ges gvby‡li Kv‡Q ag©‡K
Lvivc wnmv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Q | GRb¨ gnvgvixi g‡Zv c„w_ex‡Z
†h mš¿vm Qwo‡q co‡Q Zvi Drm †Kvb Hk¦wiK cweÎ ag©
bq eis bvw¯—KZvq Ges Avgv‡ì mg‡q bvw¯—KZvi cÖKvk
n‡jv WviDBwbRg I e¯—evw`Zvq|

93
93
kvwš—wcÖq cÖwZwU gvby‡li Aek¨B WviDBwbR‡gi
wec`‡K wPb‡Z n‡e:
‡Kvb mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡j Zvi g~‡j †h‡Z n‡e|
†hgb , gqjv-AveR©bvq fwZ© Wv÷we‡bi Pvicvk cwi®‹vi
ivL‡Z GKRb hZB †Póv Ki“K bv †Kb , `~M©Ü `~i n‡e
bv| me mgvavbB †`Lv hv‡e ¶Y¯’vqx |
me gqjv mwi‡q †djvi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q mwZ¨Kv‡ii mgvavb|
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq , GUv A‡bKUv GiKg: eQ‡ii ci eQi
†KD welai mvc‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i gvby‡li g‡a¨
†Q‡o w`j ; Gici †m AevK n‡q fv‡e , †Kb GB mvç‡jv
gvbyl‡K Kvgov‡”Q ? ZLb Avevi †mB mvçwj‡K a‡i
Avbvi †Póv Kiv n‡jv| G‡¶‡Î M~i“Z¡c~Y© n‡jv , welv³
mvc‡K jvjb-cvjb Kiv hv‡e bv|
mš¿v‡mi wei“‡× †h hy× Pj‡Q , Zv‡Z GKRb GKRb K‡i
mš¿vmx‡K Luy‡R †ei K‡i Zv‡K e¨_© Kivi †Póv ¯’vqx I
mdj †Kvb mgvavb bq| GB c„w_exi eyK †_‡K mb&ªvm‡K
mg~‡j `~i Kivi GKgvÎ c_ n‡jv mš¿vmx‡ì‡K jvjb
Ki‡Q †h Zvi Drm Luy‡R †ei Kiv I Zv‡K mwi‡q †djv|
mš¿v‡mi g~j Drm n‡jv fyj gZv`k© I Gme fyj Av`‡k©i
wfwË‡Z †`qv wk¶v| ej‡Z †M‡j we‡k¦i cÖvq me
†`‡kiB ¯‹zj cvV¨m~Px‡Z WviDBwbRg‡K Aš—f©y³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q Ges G‡K GKwU êÁvwbK gZ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
nq| †QvU ev”Pv‡ì‡K GUv †kLv‡bv nq bv †h , Avj−vn
Zuv‡ì‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb; Rb¥m~‡ÎB Zuviv ˆbwZKZv ,
gvbweKZv , Ávb I eyw×-we‡ePbv jvf K‡i‡Q| Zuv‡ì‡K
ejv nq bv , †kl wePv‡ii w`‡b Zuv‡ì‡K wbR wbR
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mªóvi Kv‡Q `vqx n‡Z n‡e Ges Lvivc
Kv‡Ri kvw¯— wnmv‡e †`vhL fvj Kv‡Ri cyi®‹vi wnmv‡e
†e‡nk‡Z Zuviv wPiKvj _vK‡e| eis Zuv‡ì‡K †kLv‡bv
nq †h , Zuviv Ggb GK m„wó hv‡ì c~e©cyiliv wQj
RšË| bvbv G‡jv‡g‡jv AvKw¯§K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi m~Î a‡i
GB c„w_ex‡Z Zuv‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ weivRgvb| G ai‡bi wek¦vm
†QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Zuv‡ì g‡b XywK‡q †`qv nq|
ev”Pviv GUvB g‡b K‡i †h Zviv AvKw¯§K NUbvµ‡g GB
c„w_ex‡Z G‡m‡Q Ges Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q ZvB Zviv `vqx n‡e
bv| wb‡R‡ì fwel¨Z----hv n‡”Q Zuv‡ì Rb¨ Aw¯—‡Z¡i
cÖkœ--‡mLv‡b Zuv‡ì‡K weRqx n‡Z n‡e msMÖv‡gi ga¨

94
94
w`‡q| GB ch©vq cvi nIqvi ci G‡ì gMR †avjvB
Kiv gvbeZvi kÎ“‡Z cwiYZ Kiv LyeB mnR KvR n‡q
c‡o ; KviY Giv Zv‡ì cy‡iv ¯‹zj Rxe‡b Av‡MB G me
wek¦v‡m gb‡K c~Y© K‡i‡Q---ZvB wbiciva wkï‡ì
nZ¨v Kivi g‡Zv wbôzi nIqv G‡ì c‡¶ mnR|
G wK‡kvi-Zi“Yiv ¯^Z¯d‚Z©fv‡e Gme wec_Mvgx Av`‡k©i
cÖwZ AvKl©Y †eva K‡i ; Zviv mš¿vmx‡ì wbqš¿Yvaxb
cwi‡e‡k cÖfvweZ n‡q KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Awek¦vm¨
iK‡gi wbôzi I mš¿vmg~jK Kv‡R wb‡R‡K Rwo‡q †d‡j|
Dbwesk kZvãx‡Z Aw¯—Z¡ jvf Kiv wewfbœ KwgDwbó ,
d¨vwmev`x I eY©ev`x `j¸wj n‡jv G me wk¶v eë¯’vi
dmj| wØZxq †h ¶wZ GB wk¶v c×wZ K‡i †mUv n‡jv ag©
†_‡K cy‡iv wk¶v‡K A‡bK `~‡i wb‡q hvq ; d‡j a‡g©i
cÖfve ïaygvÎ Awkw¶Z gvbyl‡ì Dci KvR K‡i| Gfv‡e ,
hv‡ì wk¶vi RM‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM Av‡Q Zuviv
cy‡ivcywifv‡e ag© †_‡K `~‡i _v‡K | WviDBbRg-e¯Ëev`x
fveaviv¸wjB GRb¨ `vqx| d‡j ag© _v‡K ïaygvÎ
Awkw¶Z‡ì Là‡i|
Gi d‡j wewfbœ K‚-ms¯‹vi I fyj aviYvi cÖmvi N‡U |
a‡g©i bv‡g ag© we‡ivax Gme g‡Zi cÖmvi hviv NUvq Zv‡ì
c‡¶ cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e nq| †m‡Þ¤î 11 Gi
NUbvejx GUvi ¯úó D`vniY| †h Avj−vn‡K fq K‡i ,
Avj−vn‡K fvjev‡m Ges †h g‡b K‡i g„Zzï c‡i me
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q `vqx _vK‡Z n‡e †m KL‡bvB
Ggb KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ---‡h Kv‡Ri d‡j nvRvi
nvRvi gvbyl gviv hvq A_ev AvnZ nq Ges nvRvi nvRvi
nvRvi wkï Abv_ nq|
Ggb gvbyl Rv‡b †h , hv‡ì cÖwZ †m wbôziZv K‡i‡Q ,
Zuv‡ì mevi Rb¨B Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q †m `vqx _vK‡e Ges
cÖ‡Z¨K ¶wZMÖ¯’ gvbylB Zvi Rb¨ †`vh‡Li wb`vi“Y kvw¯—i
KviY n‡e| Dcmsnv‡i ejv hvq , mš¿vmx KvR eÜ Ki‡Z
n‡j WviDBwbRg-e¯Ëev` wk¶vi mgvwß Uvb‡Z n‡e;
†QvU ev”Pv‡ì‡K mwZ¨Kv‡ii êÁvwbK cÖgvYvwì
wfwË‡Z †h wk¶v Zv w`‡Z n‡e Ges ev”Pv‡ì g‡b
Avj−vnÕi fq ax‡i ax‡i mÂvwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì

95
95
g‡b GB B”Qv RvMv‡Z n‡e †h , eyw× I we‡e‡Ki
cÖ‡qvM NwU‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| GB ai‡Yi wk¶vi dmj
n‡e Ggb GK`j gvbyl hviv n‡e kvwš—wcÖq , wek¦vmx ,
¶gvkxj I âh©kxj|
[ weeZ©bev` wb‡q Av‡Mi Aa¨v‡q msw¶ßfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| bx‡P we¯—vwiZ weeiY †`qv n‡jv ]
Ò wZwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb mvZ Avmgvb ¯—‡i ¯—‡i | Zzwg †Kvb LuyZ †`L‡Z cv‡e `qvgq
Avj−vnÕi m„wó‡Z| Avevi wdivI `„wó , †Kvb Î“wU †`L‡Z cvI wK ? (myiv g~jK; 67 :
3 )
GB gnvwe‡k¦i me wKQyB GK †kªôZi m„wói w`‡K wb‡`©kbv ‡`q| Ab¨w`‡K , e¯Ëevw`Zv
gnvwe‡k¦i m„wó ZË¡‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i hv Avi wKQyB bq , eis GK A‰eÁvwbK ZË¡|
e¯Ëev`x gZev` hLb evwZj n‡q hvq , ZLb GB Av`‡k©i Dci M‡o DVv Ab¨ me
gZev` wfwËnxb n‡q hvq| me‡P‡q cÖ_‡gB Av‡m WviDBwbR‡gi K_v A_©vr
weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡| GB g‡Z `vex Kiv nq -- †Kej NUbvP‡µB RoRMZ †_‡K cÖv‡Yi
m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn GB gnvwek¦‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb -- GB ¯^xK…wZi mv‡_ mv‡_B GB
ZË¡ wg_¨v n‡q hvq b¶‡Îi ivmvqwbK I c`v_©ZË¡we` Hugh Ross e¨vL¨v K‡i
e‡jb , bvw¯—KZv , WviDBwbRg I Ab¨vb¨ me gZev‡ì DrcwË nq 18 kÕ †_‡K wesk
kZvãxi g‡a¨ | GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ †h me `vk©wbK gZ M‡o D‡VwQj , †m me‡K mZ¨ e‡j
a‡i †bqv n‡qwQj ; fyjfv‡e g‡b Kiv n‡qwQj †h gnvwek¦ n‡”Q Amxg| GB gnvwek¦mn
cÖv‡Yi m„wói wcQ‡b †h hyw³ i‡q‡Q , Af~Zc~e© Dcv‡q Avgiv Zvi gy‡LvgywL nB (Hugh
Ross, The Fingerprint of God, p. 50)
wZwbB Avj−vn whwb GB gnvwek¦‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges ¶z`ªvwZ¶z`ª e¯Ë‡KI my›ìfv‡e
evwb‡q‡Qb| †mRb¨ weeZ©bev` ZË¡ Abyhvqx Rxeš— cÖvYx Avj−vn KZ©„K m„ó nq wb eis
NUbvP‡µ m„ó--- GUv Am¤¢e | GLv‡b AevK nIqvi wKQy †bB †h , Avgiv hLb weeZ©b
g‡Zi w`‡K ZvKvB , ZLb †`wL GB gZ êÁvwbK Z_¨-cÖgvYvw`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Q|
Rxe‡bi bK&kv LyeB RwUj I AZ¨š— ü`qMÖvnx| Rxe‡bi GB Af~Zc~e© bK&kv wesk
kZvãxi †k‡l WviDB‡bi gZ‡K A‰ea K‡i †`q|
Avgv‡ì wKQy eB‡Z GB welq wb‡q Avgiv we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ Ges Bbkv Avj−vn
fwel¨‡ZI Ki‡ev| Avgiv g‡b Kwi , Gi M~i“Z¡ Dcjwä K‡i GKwU msw¶ß mvigg© GLv‡b
cÖ`vb Ki‡j Zv A‡b‡Ki DcKv‡i Avm‡e|

96
96
‰eÁvwbK ZË¡ wnmv‡e WviDBwbR‡gi cZb:
hwÌ GB gZev‡ì D™¢e †mB cÖvPxb MÖxm †_‡K ; weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡ g~jZ: †Rvi`vi
cÖPvi cvq 19 kZvãx‡Z G‡m| GB gZ wb‡q me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y© AMÖMwZ mvwaZ nq hLb
1859 mv‡j Pvj©m WviDB‡bi "The Origin of Species" eBwU cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi
ciciB weÁv‡bi RM‡Z GB gZev` Av‡jvPbvi kx‡l© P‡j Av‡m|
GB eB‡Z WviDBb A¯^xKvi K‡ib †h Avj−vn wewfbœ Rxeš— cÖvYx‡K Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e
m„wó K‡i‡Qb| WviDB‡bi g‡Z , me Rxeš— cÖvYxi c~e©-cyi“l GKB Ges c‡i wKQy
cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cÖvYx‡ì g‡a¨ êwPÎ¨ G‡m‡Q|
WviDB‡bi gZev` †Kvb †Rviv‡jv êÁvwbK Z_¨-cÖgvYvwì Dci cÖwZwôZ wQj bv|
wZwb wb‡RI GUv ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h , GmeB †Kej Ô Abygvb Õ| GQvovI , Zvi eB‡qi
GKwU `xN© Aa¨vq Difficulties of the Theory ‡Z WviDBb ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h ,
A‡bK RwUj cÖ‡kœi gy‡L GB ZË¡ e¨_© cÖgvwYZ n‡”Q| weÁv‡bi be-be Avwe®‹v‡ii
Dci WviDBb Zvi me Avkv - fimv Ac©Y K‡ib | wZwb Avkv K‡ib †h , bZzb
Avwe®‹v‡ii ga¨ w`‡q GB gZev‡ì mgm¨v¸wji mgvavb †ewi‡q Avm‡e| hwÌ †`Lv
†Mj , bZzb êÁvwbK cÖgvYvw` Zvi Avkvi wVK D‡ëv KvRwU NUv‡jv| mgm¨vi
eûgvwÎK RwUjZv eis e„w× †cj| êÁvwbKfv‡e WviDBb †h e¨_© , Zv wZbfv‡e
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv hvq|
1| GB ZË¡ †Kvbfv‡eB e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv , wKfv‡e GB c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi m„wó
n‡jv ?
2| m„wói wcQ‡b êc−weK †h †KŠk‡ji `vex GB gZ K‡i , êÁvwbK †Kvb Z_¨vw`
GgbwU cÖgvY K‡i bv †h , Gfv‡e cÖv‡Yi weKvk m¤¢e|
3| Rxevk¥ ( dwm‡ji ) †iKW© weeZ©bev‡ì `vexi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ gZwUB cÖgvY K‡i|
GB wefv‡M Avgiv GB wZbwU †gŠwjK w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
Rxe‡bi DrcwË:
weeZ©bev`xiv `vex K‡i ‡h AvR †_‡K 3.8 wewjqb eQi Av‡M Avw`g c„w_ex‡Z GKwU gvÎ
Rxe‡Kvl †_‡K me Rxeš— cÖvYxi m„wó n‡q‡Q| GB gZ Aek¨ DËi w`‡Z cv‡i bv †h ,
wKfv‡e GK‡Kvlx †mj †_‡K j¶-‡KvwU eû‡Kvwl cÖvYxi D™¢e m¤¢e ? Avi hwÌ ev
mwZ¨ mwZ¨ Gfv‡e cªv‡Yi DrcwË n‡q‡Q , Z‡e †Kb Rxev‡k¥i †iK‡W© Gi †Kvb cÖgvY
†bB ? cÖ_‡gB ejv hvq , GB Z_vKw_Z weeZ©bev‡ì cÖwµqvq cÖ_g †Kvl wKfv‡e
Avm‡jv ? †h‡nZz weeZ©bev` m„wó‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges †Kvb AwZ-cÖvK…wZK welq‡K
¯^xKvi K‡i bv ; Giv g‡b K‡i NUbvP‡µ cÖ_g †Kv‡li m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Zv cÖK…wZi
wbq‡gi g‡a¨ †_‡KB-- ‡KvbiKg bK&kv cwiKíbv ev eë¯’v QvovB|
GB gZev` Abymv‡i cÖvYnxb Ae¯’v †_‡K NUbvP‡µ Rxeš— †Kv‡li D™¢e N‡U| GwU Aek¨
RxeweÁv‡bi †Kvb wbq‡gi mv‡_B m½wZc~Y© bq|

97
97
Rxeb †_‡K Rxeb G‡m‡Q :
WviDBb Zvi eB‡Z KL‡bvB Rxe‡bi DrcwË wVK wKfv‡e n‡jv , Zvi we¯—vwiZ D‡j−L
K‡ib wb| Zvi mg‡q weÁvb m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK †h aviYv Zvi wfwË wQj GB †h , Rxeš—
cÖvYxi KvVv‡gv LyeB mnR-mij| ga¨hy‡M ( cÂg †_‡K cÂ`k kZvãx ) Av‡iKwU ZË¡
ejv n‡jv -- spontaneous generation ( wb‡R †_‡K m„ó )| GB gZ Abygvb
K‡i †h , wewfbœ Roc`v‡_©i bvbv DcKiY †_‡K Rxe‡Kv‡li m„wó n‡q‡Q ---GB gZ
wecyjfv‡e M„nxZ nq| mvaviYfv‡e g‡b Kiv n‡jv †h , †cvKv-gvKo G‡m‡Q Lv‡`ï
Dw”Qó †_‡K , Bu`yi G‡m‡Q Mg †_‡K BZ¨vw`| GB gZ cÖgvY Ki‡Z AvKl©Yxq me
cix¶v- wbix¶v
Kiv n‡jv | wKQy Mg ivLv n‡jv gqjv Kvc‡oi wfZ‡i| Avkv Kiv n‡jv , †Kvb Bu`yi
†ewi‡q Avm‡e Zv †_‡K| GKBfv‡e gvs‡mi g‡a¨ †cvKvi Rb¥ nIqv‡K g‡b Kiv n‡jv
wb‡R †_‡K R‡b¥i cÖgvY wnmv‡e| c‡i Rvbv †Mj , gvs‡mi g‡a¨ Avm‡j Kx‡Ui Rb¥ nq
wb| gvwQ Gme‡K jvf©vi AvKv‡i enb K‡i wb‡‡q Av‡m , hv Lvwj †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv|
Ggb Kx , †h mg‡q WviDBb The Origin of Species eB wj‡LwQ‡jb , †m mgq
we‡k¦i weÁvbx gn‡j e¨vcKfv‡e GUv wek¦vm Kiv n‡Zv †h , cÖvYnxb e¯Ë †_‡K
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rb¥ nIqv m¤¢e| WviDB‡bi eB †ei nIqvi cuvP eQi ci jyB cv¯Ë‡ii
Avwe®‹vi GB wek¦vm‡K wg_¨v cÖgvY Ki‡jv hv weeZ©bev‡ì g~j wfZ wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ
wQj| `xN© mg‡qi cix¶v-wbix¶v M‡elYvi ci cv¯Ëi wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Qb †h , cÖvYnxb
Ro c`v_© †_‡K cÖv‡Yi weKvk m¤¢e , GB `vexi Kei BwZnv‡m iwPZ n‡jv fvjÕi Rb¨B
(Sidney Fox, Klaus Dose, Molecular Evolution and The Origin of Life,
New York: Marcel Dekker, 1977. p. 2 )
weeZ©bev‡ì mg_©Kiv `xN©w`b a‡i cv¯Ë‡ii cÖgvYvwì we‡ivwaZv K‡i ; hwÌ weÁv‡bi
AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Rxeš— cÖvYxi RwUj †Kvl KvVv‡gvi e¨vL¨v NUbvP‡µi cªv‡Yi m„wói
gZev`‡K Av‡iv †ekx †KvYVvmv K‡i †d‡j|
wesk kZvãxi AgxgvswmZ D‡`¨vM :
wewkó i“k RxeweÁvbx Av‡jKRvÛvi Acvwib cÖ_g weeZ©bev`x whwb wesk kZvãx‡Z
Rxe‡bi DrcwË gZev` wb‡q KvR K‡ib| 1930 mv‡j wewfbœ cix¶vi gva¨‡g wZwb cÖgvY
Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib,NUbvP‡µ Rxeš— cÖvYxi Rxe‡Kvl m„wó m¤¢e| GB cix¶v¸wj Aek¨
e¨_© nq Ges Acvwib ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h , Ò `~f©vM¨µ‡g Rxe‡Kv‡li DrcwË Ggb GK cÖkœ
n‡q i‡q ‡Mj hv cÖK…Zc‡¶ cy‡iv weeZ©bev‡ì me‡P‡q AÜKvi Aa¨vq Ó (Alexander
I. Oparin, Origin of Life, (1936) New York, Dover Publications, 1953
(Reprint), p.196 )

98
98
Acvwi‡bi mg_©K weeZ©bev`xiv c‡iI cÖv‡Yi DrcwË cÖ‡kœi mgvav‡b A‡bK cix¶v
Pvwj‡q hvb| G m‡ei g‡a¨ †miv we‡ePbv Kiv nq 1953 mv‡j Kiv gvwK©b imvqbwe`
÷¨vbjx wgjv‡ii cix¶v‡K| wZwb `vex K‡ib , wewfbœ M¨v‡mi mgš^‡q cix¶vMv‡i
c„w_exi Avw`g evq~gÛj ˆZix Kiv nq | †cÖvwU‡bi AvKv‡i †ek wKQy ˆRe AYyi Aw¯—Z¡ H
wgkª‡Yi g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq | Aí K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B cÖKvk †cj †h , H cix¶v hv‡K
weeZ©bev‡ì †¶‡Î AZ¨š— M~i“Z¡c~Y© c`‡¶c wnmv‡e g‡b Kiv nw”Q‡jv -- Zv Avm‡j
A‰ea| mwZ¨Kv‡ii c„w_exi AvenvIqv †_‡K cix¶vMv‡ii K…wÎg cwi‡ek fxlYfv‡e
Avjv`v wQj | ( UxKv 27-"New Evidence on Evolution of Early Atmosphere
and Life", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol 63,
November 1982, p. 1328-1330 )
`xN© bxieZvi ci wgjvi ¯^xKvi K‡ib , AvenvIqvi gva¨g wnmv‡e wZwb hv eënvi
K‡iwQ‡jb , Zv ev¯—em¤§Z wQj bv | (Stanley Miller, Molecular Evolution of
Life: Current Status of the Prebiotic Synthesis of Small Molecules,
1986, p. 7 )
cy‡iv wesk kZvãx Ry‡o me weeZ©bev`xiv cÖv‡Yi DrcwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z A‡bK †Póv K‡i|
wKš‘ meB e¨_© nq| mvb wWqv‡Mv w¯Œcm Bbw÷wUD‡Ui f~-imvqbwe` †Rdix ev`v GB
e¨_©Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i 1998 mv‡j Earth g¨vMvwR‡b GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b wj‡Lb : Ò
c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi weKvk wKfv‡e NU‡jv ? AvR Avgiv hLb wesk kZvãx cvi K‡i w`w”Q
---ZL‡bv Avgv‡ì mvg‡b GB me‡P‡q eo AgxgvswmZ mgm¨vwU ‡ZgbB i‡q wM‡q‡Q ,
wVK †hgbwU wQj Avgiv hLb GB kZvãx‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡iwQjvg (Jeffrey Bada, Earth,
February 1998, p. 40 )
cÖv‡Yi RwUj KvVv‡gv:
cÖv‡Yi weKvk wb‡q weeZ©bev`x‡ì †KvY-Vvmv Ae¯’vi cÖv_wgK KviY n‡jv ,
AvcvZ:`„wó‡Z GK`gB mvaviY †h cÖvYx , ZviI _v‡K Awek¦vm¨ RwUj KvVv‡gv | Rxeš—
cÖvYxi Rxe‡Kvl gvby‡li ˆZix †h †Kvb KvwiMix c‡Yï †_‡K A‡bK †ekx RwUj| AvR
we‡k¦i me‡P‡q DbœZ cix¶vMvi ¸wj‡ZI A‰Re Dcv`vb w`‡q Rxeš— Rxe‡Kvl m„wó Kiv
m¤¢e bq| Rxe‡Kvl MV‡bi cÖwµqv GZ RwUj I e¨vcK †h , NUbvPµ e‡j Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv
hv‡e bv|
cÖvwUb _vKvi m¤¢ve¨Zv , †Kvl wbg©v‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq QuvP hv‡K †Kv‡li AÆvwjKv evbv‡bvi
e−K ejv nq --GZ wKQyi mgš^q NUbvP‡µ Am¤¢e| ‡Kvb †cÖvwUb ˆZix n‡Z M†o ìKvi
500 Gwg‡bv Gwm‡Wi ---AvcbvAvcwb GgbwU NUvi m¤¢vebv G‡Ki ci 950 evi k~b¨
wjL‡j ‡h msL¨v cv‡ev Zvi g‡a¨ gvÎ GKevi| As‡Ki wnmv‡e KvM‡R - Kj‡g

99
99
G‡Ki ci 50 evi k~b¨ wjL‡j hv cv‡ev †m msL¨v †_‡K NUvi m¤¢vebv Kg
_vK‡j ev¯—‡e Zv KL‡bvB NU‡e bv --G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e |
†Kv‡li wbDwK¬qv‡mi g‡a¨ ‡h wW Gb G AYy _v‡K Ges hv‡Z †R‡bwUK Z_¨ Av‡Q
Zv GK Awek¦vm¨ Z_¨ fvÛvi| wnmve K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q , wW Gb GÕi wfZ‡i †h Z_¨ _v‡K
Zv hw` †jLvi AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq , Z‡e GKwU wekvj AvK…wZi jvB‡eªix cÖwZôv Kiv
hv‡e hv‡Z i‡q‡Q 900 L‡Ûi GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqv Ges hvi cÖwZwU‡Z i‡q‡Q 500 cvZv|
GKwU Lye gRvi Dfq msKU m„wó nq GB ch©v‡q| wW Gb G cwic~Y©Zv cvq †Kej ZLbB hLb
wbw`©ó wKQy †cÖvwUb ( GbhvBg) Dcw¯’Z _v‡K , Avevi wW Gb Gi g‡a¨ msiw¶Z Z_¨vwì
mgš^q Qvov †mB GbhvBg MVY m¤¢e bq| †h‡nZz GB `yBwU G‡K Dc‡ii Dci wbf©ikxj ,
ZvB GB `yBwUi cwic~Y© weKv‡ki Rb¨ GKB mg‡q `ywUiB Dcw¯’wZ cÖ‡qvRb| GB
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ¯^Z:ù~Z©fv‡e cÖv‡Yi weKvk n‡q‡Q GB gZev‡ì c‡¶ GK APj Ae¯’vi
m„wó nq| K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvi mvb wWqv‡Mv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wewkó Aa¨vcK †jmwj Ai‡Mj
1994 mv‡ji Scientific American g¨vMvwR‡b GUv ¯^xKvi K‡ib : GUv G‡Kev‡iB
Am¤¢e †h †cÖvwUb I wbDwK¬K GwmWmg~n hv‡ì KvVv‡gv LyeB RwUj , Zviv GKB
mg‡q GKB RvqMvq GKBmv‡_ AvcbvAvcwb Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q| GQvov , GUvI Kvh©Z:
Am¤¢e †h GKwU Qvov Ab¨wUi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| ZvB cÖv_wgKfv‡e GKRb‡K GB wm×v‡š—
Avm‡Z nq †h , cÖv‡Yi m„wó KL‡bvB ivmvqwbK DcKiY w`‡q nq wb| (Leslie E.
Orgel, "The Origin of Life on Earth", Scientific American, Vol 271,
October 1994, p. 78 )
†KvbB m‡›`n †bB †h ,cÖvK…wZKfv‡e hw` cÖv‡Yi weKvk Am¤¢e n‡q _v‡K , Z‡e GUvB
†g‡b wb‡Z n‡e †h cÖv‡Yi Ò m„wó Ó n‡”Q
AwZ-cÖvK…Z ev A‡jŠwKK e¨cvi| GB ev¯—eZv †mB weeZ©bev‡ì hv‡K ¯úófv‡e AKvh©Ki
cÖgvY K‡i , hvi cÖavb j¶¨ n‡jv mªóvi m„wó‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv|
weeZb©ev‡ì KvíwbK we‡kl Kjv‡KŠkj :
wØZxq M~i“Z¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq hv WviDB‡bi gZ‡K wg_¨v cÖgvY K‡i Zvn‡jv , †h `yBwU
ZË¡ ejv n‡qwQj weeZ©bev‡ì Kjv‡KŠkj wnmv‡e , Zv ev¯—‡e †Kvb weeZ©‡bi kw³ iv‡L
bv|
WviDBb Zvi weeZ©bev`x‡ì Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbf©i K‡ib Ò cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi Ó †KŠk‡ji
Dci| GB †KŠk‡ji Dci wZwb †h we‡kl M~i“Z¡ †`b Zvi cÖgvY eB‡qi bvgKi‡Y cvIqv
hvq-
The Origin of Species, By Means Of Natural Selection…
cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi g~j K_v n‡jv cÖK…wZ‡Z Rxeš— cÖvYxi g‡a¨ hviv †ekx kw³kvjx I
†eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ †ekx Dc‡hvMx , ZvivB cÖK…wZ‡Z Lvc LvB‡q Rxeb msMÖv‡g wUu‡K _v‡K|
†hgb: nwi‡Yi `j memgqB wnsmª cï‡ì Avµg‡Yi ûgwKi gy‡L _v‡K| G‡ì g‡a¨ †h †ekx
†Rv‡i †`Šov‡Z cvi‡e, †m euvP‡e| Zvi d‡j nwi‡Yi `‡j †kl ch©š— _vK‡e †Kej

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`ª“ZZg I kw³kvjx nwiY| hwÌ cÖkœvZxZfv‡e GB †KŠkj nwiY‡K
weeZ©bev‡ì gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kvb cÖvYx †hgb †Nvov‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡e bv| ZvB , cÖvK…wZK
wbe©vP‡bi †KŠk‡ji Avm‡j †Kvb cÖvYx‡K i“cvš—‡ii ¶gZv †bB| WviDBb wb‡RI GB mZ¨
m¤ú‡K© AewnZ wQ‡jb Ges Zvi eB The Origin of Species G GUv ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb :
Natural selection can do nothing until favourable variations chance to occur
Ò cÖK…wZ‡Z AbyK‚j †Kvb cwieZ©b bv Avmv ch©š— †KejgvÎ cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb wb‡R wKQy
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv-- ( Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of
the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 189 )
jvgv‡K©i cÖfve:
‡Zv wKfv‡e GB ÒcQ‡›ì cwieZ©b¸wj Ó N‡U ? WviDBb GB cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z †Póv
K‡i‡Qb Zvi mg‡qi weÁvb m¤ú‡K© Avw` aviYvmg~n †_‡K| †d«Â RxeweÁvbx jvgvK©
whwb WviDB‡bi c~e©m~ix , Zvi g‡Z: †eu‡P _vKvi mgq cÖvYx †h me bZzb êwkó¨ AR©b
K‡i , Zv eskai‡ì g‡aÏ mÂvwiZ nq| Gi d‡j bZzb GK cÖRvwZi m„wó nq| †hgb ,
jvgv‡K©i g‡Z , wRivd G‡m‡Q Gw›U‡jvc †_‡K| GB RvZxq nwiY †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ DuPz
Mv‡Qi cvZv LvIqvi †Póv Ki‡Zv ; d‡j Zv‡ì Mjv esk ci¤úivq ax‡i ax‡i j¤^v
n‡Z _v‡K|
WviDBbI A‡bKUv GKB ai‡bi D`vniY †`b| The Origin of Species eB‡Z wZwb
D`vniY †`b †h , wKQy fvjyK cvwb‡Z Lvevi mÜvb Ki‡Z †hZ| Gfv‡e ax‡i ax‡i
cieZ©x mg‡q Zviv wZwg gv‡Q i“cvš—wiZ nq| (Charles Darwin, The Origin of
Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press,
1964, p. 184.)
Rb¥MZ êwkó¨ wb‡q †g‡Ûj Gi Avwe®‹vi I wesk kZvãx‡Z †R‡bwUK weÁv‡bi mg_©b GB
KvíwbK Kvwnbx‡K cy‡ivcywi evwZj K‡i †`q †h , cÖvYxi AwR©Z êwkó¨¸wj
cieZx©‡ZI me eskai‡ì g‡a¨ mÂvwiZ n‡ZB _vK‡e| Gfv‡e , cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb c×wZ
weeZ©bev‡ì †KŠkj wnmv‡e Avi RbwcÖq _vK‡jv bv|
be¨-WviDBbev` I wgD‡Ukb ( i“cvš—i/cwieZ©b ):
1930 mv‡ji †k‡l WviDBb mgvavb †c‡Z ( Modern Synthetic Theory) ev Ò
AvaywbK mgwš^Z Z‡Ë¡iÓ K_v e‡jb ; hv be¨-WviDBbev` wnmv‡e en~j cÖPwjZ| Giv
cÖvYxi i“cvš—i ev cwieZ©‡bi K_v e‡jb| wgD‡Ukb n‡jv cÖvYxi Rx‡bi wfbœ i“cvš—i |
evwn¨K wewfbœ KviY †hgb Zvc weKxiY , cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb cwieZ©b BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cÖvYxi
Rx‡bi g‡a¨ cwieZ©b N‡U| Ò AbyK‚j cwieZ©‡bi KviY ÕÕ wnmv‡e GB wgD‡Ukb N‡U|
eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z weeZ©bev‡ì g‡Wj n‡jv be¨-WviDBbev`| GB gZ `vex K‡i Avgiv
GLb †h me cÖvYx †`wL , Zv i“cvš—wiZ cÖvYx A_©vr wgD‡Uk‡bi dj | Rxeš— cÖvYxi RwUj
kvixwiK KvVv‡gv¸wj †hgb Kvb , †PvL , jvsm , Wvbv BZ¨vw`‡Z eû w`b a‡i Ô i“cvš—i Õ

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101
N‡U‡Q ; hv GK ai‡bi †R‡bwUK wek„•Ljv | eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ êÁvwbK Z_¨vw` GB
gZ‡K m¤ú~Y© eR©b K‡i| wgD‡Ukb cÖvYx‡K DbœZZi ch©vq wb‡q hvq bv| eis wgD‡Ukb
cÖvYxK‚‡ji Rb¨ ¶wZKi | Gi KviY LyeB mnR| wW Gb Gi KvVv‡gv LyeB RwUj ; GB
KvVv‡gv‡Z G‡jv‡g‡jv A`j-e`j ¶wZiB KviY n‡e| gvwK©b RxbZË¡we` B.G.
Ranganathan e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb , wgD‡Ukb n‡jv †QvU , AvKw¯§K Ges ¶wZKi| GUv
Lye KgB N‡U _v‡K Ges GUviB m¤¢vebv †ekx †h , Gi †Zgb ¯’vqx cÖwZwµqv n‡e bv|
wgD‡Uk‡bi PviwU êwkó¨B GB w`K-wb‡`©kB †`q †h , wgD‡Uk‡bi gva¨‡g weeZ©‡b †Kvb
Dbœqb NU‡Z cv‡i bv|
we‡klfv‡e MwVZ D”P ¶gZvi ˆRe-KvVv‡gv‡Z Dëvcvëv A`j-e`j n‡j Zv nq
cÖwZwµqvnxb n‡e A_ev n‡e ¶wZKi| Nwoi KvVv‡gv‡Z Gjv‡g‡jv e`j NUv‡j Zv‡Z
Nwoi †Kvb DbœwZ n‡e bv| m¤¢vebv †ekx †h GUv ¶wZ Ki‡e A_ev eo‡Rvi †Kvb cÖfve
†dj‡e bv| f~wgK¤ú n‡j GKUv kn‡ii †Kvb DbœwZ nq bv , eis Zv aŸsm †W‡K
Av‡b| (B. G. Ranganathan, Origins ?, Pennsylvania: The Banner Of
Truth Trust, 1988.
AevK nIqvi wKQy †bB †h , Ggb †Kvb cÖgvY GL‡bv ch©š— cvIqv hvq wb †h wgD‡Uk‡bi
d‡j †Kvb cÖvYxi †R‡bwUK †Kv‡Wi DbœwZ N‡U‡Q | me wgD‡UkbB ¶wZKi cÖgvwYZ
n‡q‡Q| GUv eyS‡Z cviv wM‡q‡Q , hv‡K Ô weeZ©bev‡ì Kjv-‡KŠkj Õ wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q , Zv Avm‡j †R‡bwUK †Kv‡W mvwaZ nq Ges cÖvYxi ¶wZ K‡i I Zv‡K c½y
K‡i †d‡j ( gvby‡li Dci wgD‡Uk‡bi mvaviY cÖfve n‡jv K¨vÝvi )|
wb:m‡›`‡n , †Kvb ¶wZKi c×wZ‡K ÔÔ weeZ©‡bi †KŠkj ÕÕ ejv hv‡e bv| Ab¨w`‡K
cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb †h ÔÔ wb‡R †_‡K wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ÕÕ---GUv WviDBb wb‡RI
¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Gme Z_¨ Avgv‡ì‡K GUvB †`Lvq †h , cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb weeZ©bev‡ì
c×wZ †bB | †h‡nZz †Kvb weeZ©bev`x †KŠk‡ji Aw¯—Z¡ †bB , ZvB µgweKv‡ki †Kvb
KvíwbK cÖwµqvI Avm‡j N‡U wb|
dwmj / Rxev‡k¥i BwZnvm: gaëZx© AvK…wZi †Kvb wPý †bB :
Rxev‡k¥i BwZnvm me‡P‡q my¯úó ev¯—eZv †h , weeZ©bev` Avm‡j msNwUZ nq wb|
weeZ©bev‡ì gZ Abyhvqx , me Rxeš— cÖvYxB Zvi c~e©-cyi“l †_‡K G‡m‡Q| AZx‡Zi
cÖRvwZiv mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ wfbœ cÖRvwZ‡Z i“cvš—wiZ nq| me cÖRvwZB Gfv‡e
G‡m‡Q| GB gZ Abyhvqx , j¶ j¶ eQi a‡i GB i“cvš—i cÖwµqv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q|
hw` ZvB n‡Zv , Zvn‡j AmsL¨ gaëZx© cÖRvwZi Aw¯—Z¡ Aek¨B _vK‡Zv Ges GB `xN©
i“cvš—‡ii mg‡q Aek¨B AmsL¨ cÖRvwZ †eu‡P _vK‡Zv| ‡hgb , A‡a©K gvQ / A‡a©K
mixm„‡ci AZx‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi K_v , hviv gv‡Qi êwk‡óï cvkvcvwk mixm„‡ci
êwkóÏ AR©b K‡iwQj ; A_ev mixm„c-cvLxi Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡Zv hviv mixm„‡ci cvkvcvwk

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102
cvwLi êwkóÏ AR©b K‡iwQj| GB cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’v Pjvi mgq Zv‡ì Î“wUc~Y©
I c½y cÖvYx‡Z cwiYZ nIqvi K_v|
weeZ©bev`xiv Gme KvíwbK cÖvYxi Aw¯—Z¡ AZx‡Z wQj e‡j wek¦vm K‡i I G‡ì‡K bvg
w`‡q‡Q ÔÔ cwieZ©bKvjxb cÖwZg~wZ© Õ ("transitional forms."
Gme cÖvYx hw` mwZ¨B _vK‡Zv , Zvn‡j Aek¨B j¶ , j¶ Ggb Kx †KvwU , †KvwU msL¨vi
bvbv êwP‡Îi cÖvYx _vK‡Zv | me‡P‡q eo K_v , dwm‡ji BwZnv‡mi Gme AvRe cÖvYxi
aŸsmve‡kl Aek¨B _vK‡Zv| WviDBb The Origin of Species e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb :
hw` Avgvi ZË¡ mwVK nq, Z‡e AmsL¨ gaëZ©x cÖRvwZ hviv †h cÖRvwZ †_‡K G‡m‡Q
Zv‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ Aek¨B wQj------cwiYv‡g Zv‡ì c~e©eZx© Aw¯—‡Z¡i mÜvb cvIqv
hv‡e †KejgvÎ dwm‡ji g‡a¨| (Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A
Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 179 )
WviDB‡bi Avkv P~Y©:
dwm‡ji mÜv‡b hwÌ 19 kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡o weeZ©bev`xiv Kómva¨
cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hvq , gaëZ©x cÖRvwZi †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ Zviv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|
me dwmj weeZ©bev`x‡ì cÖZ¨vkvi wecixZ cÖgvY †ck K‡i †h c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi Aw¯—
Z¡ nVvr K‡i n‡q‡Q Ges Zv n‡q‡Q c~Y© AvK…wZ‡ZB| weL¨vZ weªwUk weÁvbx †W‡iK wf
Ghvi GB gZ ¯^xKvi K‡i †bb --hwÌ wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb weeZ©bev`x|
Avgiv hw` Rxev‡k¥i BwZnvm cix¶v Kwi , Zv †m mg‡qi µg wnmv‡eB †nvK ev we‡kl
cÖRvwZ‡K wb‡qB †nvK& , Zv ev‡iev‡i GUvB wb‡`©k K‡i †h , me Rxeš— cÖvYx av‡c av‡c
weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g bq eis nVvr K‡iB G‡m‡Q| (Derek A. Ager, "The Nature of
the Fossil Record", Proceedings of the British Geological Association,
vol 87, 1976, p. 133)
A_©vr Rxev‡k¥i BwZnv‡m me Rxeš— cÖvYxi AvKw¯§K Avwef©ve n‡jv c~Y© Aeq‡e ----
gaëZx© †Kvb AvK…wZ QvovB| G n‡jv , WviDB‡bi Abygv‡bi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| GQvovI ,
GUv LyeB kw³kvjx cÖgvY †h ,Rxeš— cÖvYx‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‡Kvb c~e©-cyi“l †_‡K
weeZ©b QvovB Rxeš— cÖvYxi c~Y© Aeq‡e AcÖZ¨vwkZ m„wói GKUvB e¨vL¨v n‡jv , Gme
cÖRvwZ‡K Gfv‡eB m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| weL¨vZ weeZ©bev`x RxeweÁvbx WMjvg dzZzwqgvI GB
mZ¨‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb|
m„wó I weeZ©bev` --GB `yB‡qi gv‡S i‡q‡Q cÖv‡Yi weKv‡ki m¤¢ve¨Zv wb‡q
c„•Lvbycy•Li“‡c Av‡jvPbv| ˆRweK KvVv‡gv c„w_ex‡Z c~Y© Aeq‡e G‡m‡Q A_ev Av‡m
wb| hw` bv G‡m _v‡K , Zvn‡j Aek¨B Av‡Mi †Kvb cÖRvwZi †_‡K we‡kl cÖwµqvq
Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv weKwkZ n‡q‡Q | Avi hw` c~Y© AvK…wZ‡Z Zviv G‡m _v‡K , Z‡e
Zviv Aek¨B m„ó n‡q‡Q †Kvb me©kw³gvb , me©Ávbxi Øviv| (Douglas J. Futuyma,
Science on Trial, New York: Pantheon Books, 1983. p. 197)

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Rxevk¥ wb‡`©k K‡i , c„w_ex‡Z cÖvYx G‡m‡Q c~Y© AvK…wZ‡Z Ges wbLyuZ Ae¯’vq|
A_©vr cÖRvwZi m„wó n‡q‡Q WviDB‡bi aviYvi wecix‡Z m„wói gva¨‡g , weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
bq|
gvbe weeZ©‡bi Kvwnbx:
weeZ©‡bi cÖPviKvixiv cÖvqB GKwU welq Av‡jvPbvq Av‡bb , Zvn‡jv gvby‡li
DrcwË| WviDBbev`xiv `vex K‡i , eZ©gv‡bi gvbyl G‡m‡Q GK ai‡bi evbi RvZxq
cÖvYx †_‡K| Zv‡ì g‡Z , 4-5 wgwjqb ermi Av‡M weeZ©bev‡ì cÖwµqvq GLbKvi
gvbyl I Zvi c~e©-cyi“l‡ì gaëZx©
ÔÔ i“cvš—wiZ cÖRvwZiÕÕ Aw¯—Z¡ wQj| GB KvíwbK wP‡Î PviwU cÖavb †kªYx i‡q‡Q|
1| A‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm Australopithecus
2| †nv‡gv †n‡ewjm Homo habilis
3| †nv‡gv B‡i±vm Homo erectus
4| †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm Homo sapiens
gvby‡li cÖ_g Z_vKw_Z evbi-RvZxq c~e©cyi“l‡ì‡K weeZ©bev`xiv bvg w`‡q‡Q
ÔA‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm Õ hvi A_© `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi evbi ev eb-gvbyl| GB Rxeš— cÖvYxiv
Avm‡j wKQyB bq eis cÖvPxb evb‡ii cÖRvwZ hviv c‡i aŸsm n‡q hvq| GB cÖRvwZi
Dci e¨vcK M‡elYv K‡ib we‡k¦i `yB weL¨vZ GbvUwg÷ ( kixiZË¡we` ) Bsj¨vÛ I
Av‡gwiKvi jW© mwj hyKvi‡gb I Aa¨vcK Pvj©m A·‡dvW©| Giv †`Lvb †h , GB cÖRvwZ
mvaviY evb‡ii cªRvwZi Ges c‡i aŸsm n‡q hvq| gvby‡li mv‡_ †Kvbfv‡eB G‡ì
†Kvb wgj †bB| ( Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, New York:
Toplinger Publications, 1970, pp. 75-94; Charles E. Oxnard, "The
Place of Australopithecines in Human Evolution: Grounds for Doubt",
Nature, Vol 258, p. 389 )
weeZ©bev`xiv †kªYxfvM Abyhvqx gvbe weeZ©‡bi cieZ©x avc n‡jv †nv‡gv -- hv n‡jv
gvbyl| weeZ©bev`x‡ì `vex Abymv‡i ÔA‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm†ì Zzjbvq †nv‡gv cÖRvwZi
cªvYxiv †ekx DbœZ|
cÖvYxi wewfbœ Rxevk¥ GK wbw`©ó avivq mvwR‡q weeZ©bev`xiv †Lqvj Lykx g‡Zv weeZ©‡bi
GK KvíwbK bK&kv Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb| GB bK&kv KvíwbK †Kbbv , GUv KL‡bvB
cÖgvwYZ nq wb †h , GB wewfbœ ‡kªYxi g‡a¨ †Kvb µgweKv‡ki m¤úK© wQj| Av‡Y©ó

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†gqi , wesk kZvãx‡Z weeZ©bev‡ì Ab¨Zg cÖavb mg_©K GUv ¯^xKvi K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb
: †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm ch©š— Avm‡Z Avm‡Z ms‡hvM m~Î Avm‡j nvwi‡q hvq| (J.
Rennie, "Darwin's Current Bulldog: Ernst Mayr", Scientific American,
December 1992 )
ms‡hvM m~Î‡K Australopithecus > Homo habilis > Homo erectus > Homo
sapiens-- Gfv‡e wPwÎZ K‡i weeZ©bev`xiv ej‡Z Pvq , Gme cÖRvwZ G‡K A‡bï
c~e©cyi“l ; hwÌ mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi b„ZvwË¡K Rxev‡k¥i Avwe®‹vi cÖgvY K‡i †h
A‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm,
nv‡gv †n‡ewjm I †nv‡gv B‡i±vm Avm‡j GKB mg‡q c„w_exi wewfbœ cÖv‡š— evm
Ki‡Zv| (Alan Walker, Science, vol. 207, 1980, p. 1103; A. J. Kelso,
Physical Antropology, 1st ed., New York: J. B. Lipincott Co., 1970, p.
221; M. D. Leakey, Olduvai Gorge, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1971, p. 272)
GQvovI , hv‡ì‡K †nv‡gv B‡i±vm ejv n‡”Q , Zv‡ì GK Ask GB wKQyw`b Av‡M ch©š—
†eu‡P wQj| †nv‡gv †mwc‡qÝ wbbWvi_v‡jbwmm I †nv‡gv †mwc‡qÝ †mwc‡qb ( AvaywbK
gvbyl ) GKB mg‡q GKB AÂ‡j evm K‡i‡Q (Time, November 1996 ) |
GB cwiw¯’wZ G `vex‡K wg_¨v cÖgvY K‡i †h , Giv G‡K A‡bï c~e©cyi“l| nvf©vW©
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Rxevk¥ weÁvbx w÷‡db †R †Mvì weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡i GB †KvY-Vvmv Ae¯’vi
e¨vL¨v K‡ib -- hwÌ wZwb wb‡RI GKRb weeZ©bev`x| Ò Avgv‡ì DËi‡Yi Kx n‡e
hw` wZbwU RvwZ (A. africanus, the robust australopithecines, and H.
habilis), GKB mv‡_ evm K‡i Ges ¯úóZ:B G‡K A‡bï †_‡K Av‡m wb ? me‡P‡q
eo K_v , GB c„w_ex‡Z evm Kivi mgq †KDB weeZ©‡bi †Kvb êwkó¨ cÖKvk K‡i wb|
(. S. J. Gould, Natural History, vol. 85, 1976, p. 30)
Ò A‡a©K evbi , A‡a©K gvbyl ÕÕ --Gme wewfbœ AvuKv Qwei mvnv‡h¨ gvbe weeZ©‡bi †h
wPÎ MYgva¨g I cvV¨ eB‡Z Zz‡j aiv n‡qwQj , ¯úó fvlvq ej‡j Zv GK cÖZviYv|
GUv Avi wKQyB bq eis GK DcK_v hvi †Kvb ‰eÁvwbK wfwË †bB| jW© mwj
hyKvig¨vb , weª‡U‡bi Ab¨Zg weL¨vZ I kª‡×q weÁvbx ; GB wel‡q wZwb eû eQi M‡elYv
K‡ib| we‡klZ: Australopithecus Rxev‡k¥i Dci 15 eQi cov‡kvbv K‡ib| wZwb
wb‡R weeZ©bev`x n‡qI †kl ch©š— GUv ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h , evbi RvZxq cÖvYx †_‡K gvbyl
ch©š— †Kvb esk-ZvwjKv Avm‡j †bB|
hyKvig¨vb weÁv‡bi GKwU eY©vjx †kªYxweb¨vm K‡ib| †h me welq‡K wZwb weÁvbwfwËK I
A‰eÁvwbK g‡b K‡ib , Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv wZwb K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z , weÁv‡bi my`„p
Z_¨vwì Dci wfwË K‡i me‡P‡q weÁvbwfwËK †¶‡Î n‡jv imvqb I c`v_©we`¨v| Gici
Av‡m RxeweÁvb , Zvici mvgvwRK weÁvb | ZvwjKvi †k‡li w`‡K i‡q‡Q me‡P‡q eo
A‰eÁvwbK welq¸wj| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q AZxw›`ªq Abyf~wZ¸wj †hgb †Uwjc¨v_x Ges lô

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Bw›`ªq| me‡P‡q A‰eÁvwb‡Ki ZvwjKvi me †k‡l G‡m‡Q gvbe weeZ©b| hyKvig¨vb
Gi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb , Ò ZvwjKvfyw³ Kivi mgq e¯Ëwbô m‡Zï †¶Î †_‡K
Ab~wgZ RxeweÁvb‡K Avjv`v K‡iwQ ; †hgb: AZxw›`ªq ¶gZv ev gvby‡li Rxev‡k¥i
BwZnv‡mi e¨vL¨v| hviv mr weeZ©bev`x Zviv me m¤¢vebv‡K mZ¨ e‡j hvPvB Ki‡e ;
wKšË hviv weeZ©bev‡` AwZ Drmvnx Zviv KL‡bv KL‡bv we‡ivac~Y© welq‡KI GKB mv‡_
wek¦vm K‡i (Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, New York:
Toplinger Publications, 1970, p. 19)
gvbe weeZ©‡bi Kvwnbx Avi wKQyB bq eis Rxev‡k¥i e¨cv‡i wKQy gvby‡li c~e©-aviYv
cÖm~Z e¨vL¨v hv Zviv AÜwek¦v‡m AvuK‡o Av‡Q|
‡PvL I Kv‡bi cÖhyw³:
weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡ Av‡iKwU welq AgxgvswmZ ,Zvn‡jv †PvL I Kv‡bi `vi“Y Dcjwäi ¶gZv|
‡PvL wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M ms‡¶‡c GB cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv hvK&----Avgiv wKfv‡e
†`wL ? †Kvb e¯Ë †_‡K Av‡jvi iwk¥ D‡ëv cÖwZwe¤^ †Pv‡Li †iwUbv‡Z G‡m c‡o|
GB iwk¥ †m‡ji gva¨‡g ê`y¨wZK ms‡KZ cvVvq Ges †eª‡bi wcQ‡b †QvÆ GK we›`y
hv‡K `„wói †K›`ªwe›`y ejv nq , †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q| GB ê`y¨wZK ms‡KZ †eª‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z
†ek wKQy cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †mvRv cÖwZwe¤^ wnmv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ nq| Ggb KvwiMix Kjv-
‡KŠkj‡K cUfywg‡Z †i‡L Pjyb Avgiv wKQy wPš—v Kwi|
Av‡jv †_‡K Avgv‡ì †eªb m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v A_©vr †eª‡bi wfZ‡i m¤ú~Y© A›aKvi | †eª‡bi
†hLv‡b Ae¯’vb †mLv‡b Av‡jv †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i bv | hv‡K ejv nq Ô`„wói †K›`ªwe›`y Õ †mB
RvqMvwU cy‡ivcywi GKwU AÜKvigq ¯’vb †hLv‡b KL‡bvB †Kvb Av‡jv †h‡Z cv‡iwb|
Avcbvi †Pbv-Rvbvi RM‡Z m¤¢eZ GUvB me‡P‡q AÜKvigq RvqMv| hwÌ Avcwb GB
m¤ú~Y© AÜKvi RMZ †_‡KB Av‡jvKgq c„w_ex‡K †`L‡Z cvb| †Pv‡Li wfZ‡i †h Qwe
ˆZix nq , Zv G‡Zv Zx¶è I Aåvš— †h , Ggb Kx GB wesk kZvãxi cÖhyw³I Zv AR©‡b
e¨_©| †hgb , †h eBwU Avcwb co‡Qb Zvi w`‡K ZvKvb , Avcbvi nv‡Zi w`‡K ZvKvb ;
Zvici gv_v Zz‡j Pvicv‡k †`Lyb | KL‡bv wK Ggb ,Zx¶è , ¯úó , wbf~~©j cÖwZwe¤^ †Kv_vI
†`‡L‡Qb ? we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo wUwf wbg©vZvI Zvi me‡P‡q AvaywbK wUwf c`©vq GiKg
Zx¶è cÖwZwe¤^ Avcbv‡K †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e bv| †PvL w`‡q hv †`wL , Zv n‡”Q wÎgvwÎK ,
iOxb Ges AZ¨vwaK Zx¶è cÖwZwe¤^| 100 eQ‡ii †ekx mgq a‡i nvRvi nvRvi
cÖ‡KŠkjx GB Zx¶èZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Qb| KviLvbv , wekvj feb ˆZix n‡q‡Q ;
cÖPzi M‡elYv n‡q‡Q , bK&kv I cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q GB D‡Ï‡k¨| Avev‡iv wUwf c`©vi
w`‡K ZvKvb Avi Avcbvi nv‡Z aiv eB‡qi w`‡K ZvKvb| Avcwb †`L‡eb GB `yB‡qi
Zx¶èZv I êwk‡óï g‡a¨ weivU cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q | GQvov , wUwf Avcbv‡K †`Lv‡”Q wØ-
gvwÎK wPÎ †hLv‡b Avcwb †Pv‡Li mvnv‡h¨ wÎ-gvwÎK cÖwZ”Qwe Mfxifv‡e Ab~fe
Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb|
eû eQi a‡i nvRv‡iv cÖ‡KŠkjx †Póv Ki‡Q wÎ-gvwÎK wUwf evbv‡Z I †Pv‡Li `„wói
mggv‡b Avm‡Z | nu¨v , Zviv wÎ-gvwÎK wUwfi GK c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q wKš‘ we‡kl Pkgv

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bv ci‡j ‡m wUwf †`Lv hvq bv| GQvovI , GUv †KejgvÎ GKwU K…wÎg wÎ-gvwÎK
eë¯’v| Gi cUfywg _v‡K Svcmv , mvg‡bi w`K g‡b nq Szjv‡bv KvM‡Ri KvVv‡gv|
†Pv‡Li gva¨‡g †h Zx¶è I we‡klgv‡bi Qwe Avgiv †`wL , †mB gv‡bi cÖwZwe¤^ ˆZix Kiv
Av‡Rv m¤¢e nq wb| K¨v‡giv I wUwf--GB `yB gva¨‡gB cÖwZwe‡¤î gv‡bi ¶wZ nq|
weeZ©bev`xiv `vex K‡i , †h KvwiMixi gva¨‡g Avgiv we‡kl gv‡bi Zx¶è cÖwZ”Qwe †`wL ,
Zv NUbvP‡µ N‡U‡Q| GLb hw` †KD Avcbv‡K e‡j , Avcbvi Kvgivi wUwf †mUwU nVvr
K‡iB ˆZix n‡q wM‡q‡Q , Zvn‡j Avcwb Kx fve‡eb ? A‡bK cigvYy nVvr K‡i GKmv‡_
n‡q Ggb GK `„wó †KŠkj Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jv hvi gva¨‡g AZ¨š— DbœZ gv‡bi cÖwZ”Qwe ˆZix
nq | cigvYy †Kgb K‡i GUv K‡i †dj‡jv hv nvRv‡iv gvbyl Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv ? hw`
†Pv‡Li Zzjbvq AbybœZ cÖwZ”Qwe †`Lv‡”Q Ggb GKwU hš¿ AvcbvAvcwb m„ó bv nq ,
Zvn‡j Zv GUvB cÖgvY K‡i †h , †PvL I †Pv‡Li mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv cÖwZ”Qwe NUbvP‡µ
‰Zix nIqv m¤¢e bq|
GB GKB Ae¯’v Kv‡bi RbÏ cÖ‡hvR¨| Kv‡bi evB‡ii Ask kã †cuŠ‡Q †`q Kv‡bi
ga¨fv‡M| Kv‡bi GB Ask k‡ãi cÖwZaŸwb ZxeªZi K‡i cwievwnZ K‡i| Kv‡bi wfZ‡ii
Ask GB cÖwZaŸwb‡K ê`y¨wZK ms‡KZ wnmv‡e gw¯—‡¯‹ cvVvq| wVK `„wói †K›`ªwe›`yi
g‡ZvB †eªb ev gw¯Z‡¯‹i kªe‡Yi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z G‡m kã †kvbvi cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nq| †Pv‡Li
cwiw¯’wZ Kv‡bi RbÏ mZ¨| Zvn‡jv , †eªb Av‡jvi g‡Zv k‡ãi †_‡KI Avjv`v Ae¯’v‡b
_v‡K| gvby‡li †eªb kã‡K wfZ‡i XyK‡Z †`q bv| ZvB G‡Z wKQy hvq Av‡m bv †h
evB‡i Kx cÖPÛ AvIqvR n‡”Q| †eª‡bi wfZ‡ii Ask _v‡K m¤ú~Y© wb:¯—ä | ZeyI
,Zx¶èZg kãwU‡K †eªb Dcjwä K‡i| kã †_‡K m¤ú~Y© c„_K Avcbvi GB †eª‡bi wfZ‡iB
Avcwb ï‡bb evRbv`vi‡ì h‡š¿i aŸwb | GQvov , †Kvb fx‡oi g‡a¨Kvi me AvIqvRI
Avcwb ï‡bb| hw` †Kvb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ H mg‡q Avcbvi †eª‡bi wfZ‡i gvcv hvq ,
Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e †eª‡bi wfZ‡ii RvqMv cy‡ivcywi kãnxb|
eû `kK a‡i †Póv P‡j‡Q cÖK…Z k‡ãi Abyi“c cÖwZaŸwb ˆZix I cybivq Drcv`b| Gme
†Póvi dj n‡jv kã †iKW© Kivi hš¿ , D”P ¶gZvm¤úbœ c×wZ Ges kã Ab~fe Kivi
eë¯’vw`| Gme cÖhyw³ _vKvi c‡iI Ges nvRv‡iv cÖ‡KŠkjx I we‡klÁ GB †¶‡Î KvR
Kivi c‡iI Ggb †Kvb kã aviY Kiv hvq wb hv Kv‡bi kã Dcjwä ¶gZvi gZ Zxeª I
¯úó| msMxZ wk‡íi me‡P‡q eo †Kv¤úvbxi me©vwaK DbœZ gv‡bi nvB-dvB wm‡÷‡gi
K_v wPš—v Ki“b| Gme h‡š¿ kã aviY Kiv n‡j Zvi A‡bKUvB nvwi‡q hvq ; A_ev Avcwb
hLb nvB-dvB hš¿wU Pvjy K‡ib ,ZLb memgqB Mvb ïi“i Av‡M GKwU wnmwnm aŸwb
ïb‡Z cvb| gvbe †`‡ni KvwiMix‡Z †h kã Avcwb ï‡bb , Zv mvsNvwZK Zxeª I ¯úó|
gvby‡li Kvb KL‡bv GKwU k‡ãi mv‡_ wnmwnm AvIqvR ïb‡e bv hv †gwk‡b †kvbv
hvq| kã †hgb _v‡K Kvb wVK †ZgbwU ï‡b ---Zx¶è I ¯úó| gvbe m„wói ïi“ †_‡KB
GgbwU n‡q Avm‡Q|
gvby‡li †PvL I Kvb my¶è Abyf~wZmn hZUv mv_©Kfv‡e Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ Z_¨ Dcjwä K‡i---
GL‡bv ch©š— gvby‡li ˆZix †Kvb AwWI-wfwWI †iKwW©s hš¿ †ZgbwU cv‡i wb| `„wó I
kªe‡Yi †¶‡Î GKwU eo mZ¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q| †`Lv I †kvbvi e¨cv‡i †eª‡bi GB †h †PZbv ,
Zv Kvi AvÁvaxb ?

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wZwb ‡K , whwb †eª‡bi wfZ‡i g‡bvni GK c„w_ex‡K †`Lv‡”Qb ? msMx‡Zi myi Avi
cvwLi wKwPi-wgwPi †kvbv‡”Qb Avi †Mvjv‡ci MÜ †kuvKv‡”Qb ? gvby‡li †PvL , Kvb I
bvK †_‡K †h DÏxcbv Av‡m , Zv ‡eª‡b †cuŠQvq ê`y¨wZK - ivmvqwbK mœvqweK Zvobv
wnmv‡e|wKfv‡e AweKj cÖwZi“c ‡eª‡b MwVZ nq ,†m m¤ú‡K© RxeweÁvb , kvixiwe`¨v I
ˆRe-ivmvqwbK eB‡Z Avcwb we¯—vwiZ Z_¨ cv‡eb| hwÌ GB wel‡q me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y©
Z_¨ Avcwb Gme eB‡Z cv‡eb bv| †K wZwb , whwb Gme ê`ÿwZK-ivmvqwbK mœvqweK
Zvobv‡K cÖwZ”Qwe , kã , MÜ I Abyf~wZ wnmv‡e †eªb‡K Dcjwä Kiv‡”Qb ?
‡eªb Zvi wfZ‡i †PvL , Kvb , bvK _vKvi †Kvb ìKvi †eva Ki‡Q bv| Gme QvovB †m
Zvi †PZbv w`‡q Gme Dcjwä Ki‡Q| GB †h Ávb ev ¶gZv -- Zvi `vex`vi †K ?
wb:m‡›`‡n G ¶gZv †eªb hv w`‡q MwVZ †mB mœvqy , cyi“ ¯—i ev wbDi‡Yi Aaxb bq |
GB Kvi‡Y WviDBbev`x-e¯Ëev`xiv hviv wek¦vm K‡i Ro ‡_‡K cÖvY G‡m‡Q , Zviv Gme
cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cv‡i bv| GB †PZbvi Rb¨ Avj−vn AvZ¥v‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| ‡`Lvi Rb¨
AvZ¥vi †Pv‡Li ìKvi †bB , †kvbvi Rb¨ Kv‡bi ìKvi †bB | GQvovI , wPš—vi Rb¨ Zvi
†eª‡biI ìKvi †bB| hviv GZ¶Y GB wek` Av‡jvPbv Ges êÁvwbK Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© co‡jb
, Zv‡ì DwPZ Avj−vn‡K wb‡q Mfxifv‡e wPš—v Kiv , Zuv‡K fq Kiv Ges Zuvi Kv‡QB Avkªq
PvIqv| wZwbB Avj−vn whwb GK m¤ú~Y© AÜKvi , gvÎ K‡qK Nb †mw›UwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ cy‡iv
gnvwek¦‡K †V‡m f‡i w`‡q‡Qb wÎ-gvwK , iOxb , Qvqvgq I D¾¡j AvK…wZ‡Z|
e¯Ëev`x wek¦vm:
G ch©š— Avgiv †h me Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kijvg , Zv GUvB ‡`Lvq †h , weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡
wnmv‡e hv `vex Kiv n‡qwQj , Zv êÁvwbK Z_¨vwì wecixZ| cÖv‡Yi DrcwË m¤ú‡K© GB
Z‡Ë¡i `vex weÁv‡bi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© bq| weeZ©bev`x‡ì †h Kjv-‡KŠk‡ji K_v Zviv
e‡j , Zvi Avm‡j weeZ©b NUv‡bvi †Kvb kw³ †bB| Rxevk¥ GUvB †`Lvq †h , GB g‡Zi
`vex Abymv‡i †h gaëZ©x cÖvYxi _vKvi K_v wQj , Zvi Aw¯—Z¡ Avm‡j KL‡bvB wQj bv |
ZvB , A‰eÁvwbK wnmv‡e weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡‡K Aek¨B GK cv‡k mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|AZx‡Z
†hfv‡e weÁv‡bi welq †_‡K mwi‡q †djv n‡q‡Q A‡bK aviYv‡K ; †hgb: c„w_ex gnvwe‡k¦i
†K›`ªwe›`y BZ¨vw`| hv‡nvK , weeZ©bev‡ì gZ GL‡bv weÁv‡bi GKwU Ri“ix welq wnmv‡e
we‡eP¨| wKQy gvbyl GB g‡Zi mgv‡jvPbv‡K weÁv‡bi Dci AvµgY wnmv‡e Zz‡j a‡ib ...†Kb
?
Gi KviY n‡jv , wKQy gn‡ji Kv‡Q GB weeZ©bev` gZ Acwinvh©| GB P‡µi m`mïv
e¯Ëev`x Av`‡k©i cÖwZ AÜ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡i Ges weeZ©bev`‡K MÖnY K‡i ; †Kbbv ,
e¯Ëev‡ì c‡¶ GUvB GKgvÎ e¨vL¨v hv Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri aviv‡K mvg‡b GwM‡q wb‡q P‡j|
gRvi e¨cvi n‡jv , Zviv wb‡RivI GUv bvbv mg‡q ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| mycwiwPZ †R‡bwUKwe`
I weeZ©bev‡ì ¯có e³v nvf©vW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wiPvW© wm wjIqvbwUb ¯^xKvi K‡ib , wZwb
Av‡M GKRb e¯Ëev`x , c‡i weÁvbx| Ggb bq †h , GB Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ wek¦ m¤ú‡K© GKwU
e¯Ëev`x e¨vL¨v MÖn‡Y weÁvb ev êÁvwbK †Kvb cÖwZôvb Avgv‡ì‡K eva¨ K‡i| eis
e¯Ë ev †fvMev`xZvi cÖwZ AbyivMB Avgv‡ì‡K eva¨ K‡i D‡Ïk¨g~jK AbymÜvb Pvjv‡Z
I wbw`©ó gZ m„wó Ki‡Z , hv e¯Ëevw`Zvi mg_©K| G‡Z wKQy hvq Av‡m bv †h , Avgv‡ì
¯^Z:ù‚Z© Ávb ev mvaviY AbyfywZ Gi wei“‡× | GQvov , KZUv inm¨RbKfv‡e GB g‡Zi
m„wó n‡jv| wiPvW© wjIU‡bi gš—e¨ n‡jv , e¯Ëevw`Zv n‡jv †¯^”QvPvwiZv ---Gi g‡a¨

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(Richard Lewontin, "The Demon-
Hk¦wiK welq Avgiv Avb‡Z cvwi bv|
Haunted World", The New York Review of Books, 9 January, 1997, p.
28 )
GUv n‡jv ¯úó wee„wZ †h weeZ©bev` n‡jv Ggb GK gZ , hv‡K euvwP‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q ïaygvÎ
†fvMev`x gZev‡ì cÖwZ Abyiv‡Mi Kvi‡Y| GB gZ eY©bv K‡i †h , Ro c`v_© Qvov
Avi †KvbwKQyiB Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv| ZvB Giv `vex K‡i ---cÖvYnxb ,A‡PZb c`v_© †_‡K
cÖv‡Yi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Giv †Rvi w`‡q e‡j †h j¶ , j¶ wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii Rxeš— cÖRvwZ
†hgb: cvwL , gvQ , wRivd ,evN , KxU-cZ½ , MvQ , dzj , wZwg Ges gvby‡li DrcwË
n‡q‡Q wKQy Ro c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ Avš—:wµqvi Kvi‡Y| †hgb , e„wó , we`y¨r BZ¨vw`| GB
aviYv hyw³ I weÁvb --`y‡UviB we‡ivax| ZeyI weeZ©bev`xiv GB gZ‡K mg_©b K‡i hv‡”Qb
ïaygvÎ †hb ÔÔ‡Kvb Hk¦wiK wKQy Gi g‡a¨ bv Avm‡Z cv‡i| Ó
hviv †fv‡Mi †cÖ¶vc‡U Rxe‡bi DrcwË‡K †`L‡e bv ,ZvivB ¯úó mZ¨‡K †`L‡Z cvi‡e :
me Rxeš— cÖvYxB n‡jv mªóvi m„wó whwb me©-kw³gvb ,me© Ávbx| wZwb me †`‡Lb , me
ï‡bb , me Rv‡bb | GB mªóvB n‡jb Avj−vn whwb
Aw¯—Z¡nxb Ae¯’v †_‡K GB cy‡iv gnvwek¦‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb ; G‡K mvwR‡q‡Qb m‡e©vËg
my›ì AvKv‡i Ges me Rxeš— cªvYx‡K whwb AvK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb --Ò Zviv
( wdwikZviv ) ej‡jv : Avcwb cweÎ ; Avcwb hv Avgv‡ì wkwL‡q‡Qb , ZvQvov
Avgv‡ì †KvbB Ávb †bB; wbðqB Avcwb cÖK„Z Ávbx , weÁvbgq ÕÕ
( cweÎ KyiAvb ; myiv evKviv ; 2: 32 ) |
mgvwß:
cwðgv wek¦ I gymwjg‡ì Kv‡Q mycvwikmg~n:
Bmjv‡gi bv‡g †hme `j mš¿vm K‡i --cwðgv wek¦
eZ©gv‡b Zv‡ì wb‡q DwØMœ Ges GB D‡ØM h_v_©| Aek¨B
hviv mš¿vm K‡i I hviv mb&ªv‡mi mg_©K Zv‡ì Avš—
R©vwZK AvB‡b wePvi nIqv DwPZ| Aek¨ Gi †P‡qI
M~i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡jv †Kvb `xN©¯’vqx Dcvq we‡ePbv Kiv hv
Gme mbªvmx mgm¨vi mgvavb †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Dc‡ii
ch©v‡jvPbvq GUv cÖgvwYZ †h , Bmjv‡g mš¿v‡mi †Kvb
¯’vb †bB Ges mš¿vm n‡jv gvbeZvi wei“‡× Aciva|

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109
GUv Av‡iv †`Lvq †h , Ô BmjvwgK mš¿vmÕ n‡jv a‡g©i
†gŠwjK ‰ewk‡óï we‡ivax| GUv M~i“Z¡c~Y© hv †_‡K Avgiv
myweavRbK Ae¯’vb †_‡K wKQy w`K-wb‡`©kbv cvB :
1| mZK©Zv , mnvbyf~wZ I eyw×-we‡ePbvi mv‡_ KvR
Kivi mgq G‡m‡Q| Ô mf¨Zvi msN‡l©i Õ ¶wZKi wPÎ cy‡iv
we‡k¦i Rb¨B AvNvZ e‡q Avb‡Q Ges G †_‡K Kv‡iviB
†Kvb DcKvi nq bv| wKfv‡e kvwš—‡Z cvkvcvwk _vKv
hvq , Zv †kLvi my‡hvM we‡k¦i gvbyl‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
G‡K A‡bï Kv‡Q †_‡K wkL‡e ; A‡bï BwZnvm Rvb‡e|
ag© , wkíKjv , mvwnZ¨ , `k©Y , weÁvb , KvwiMix wk¶v
Ges ms¯‹…wZ‡Z G‡K A‡bï fvÛvi‡K mg„× Ki‡e|
2| Bmjv‡gi cÖK„Z iyc Zz‡j a‡i , Ggb Kvh©µg me
RvqMvq Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ gymwjg cÖavb
†`k¸wj‡Z Pigcš’x Bmjvgx `j¸wj‡K wb‡q †h mgm¨v ,
Zvi mgvav‡bi GKgvÎ Dcvq Ô eva¨Zvg~jK ag©wbi‡c¶Zv Õ
nIqv DwPr bq| eis , G me bxwZ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Av‡iv
†ekx cÖwZwµqvi m„wó Ki‡e| mgvavb n‡jv GB †h , cÖK…Z
Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi Ki‡Z n‡e me RvqMvq Ges cÖK…Z gymwjg
Av`‡k©i AvZœcÖKvk NUv‡Z n‡e hv KyiAv‡bi wewfbœ
g~j¨‡eva¸wj †hgb gvbe AwaKvi, MYZš¿ , ¯^vaxbZv , D”P
ˆbwZKZv , weÁvb , Ava¨vwZœKZv , †mŠ›`h©¨-weÁvb I hv
gvbeZv‡K †`q Avb›` I Avkxe©v`| KyiAv‡bi ˆbwZK
g~j¨‡eva¸wj‡K gymjgvbiv Aek¨B e¨vL¨v K‡i †evSv‡e
Ges KyiAvb Ges Avj−vnÕi ivm~j nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) Gi
bxwZi Av‡jv‡K Zuviv evm Ki‡e|
hviv Bmjv‡gi AccÖ‡qvM NUv‡”Q ( hvi Rb¨ Bmjvg
m¤ú‡K© fyj †evSv‡evwS evo‡Q ) , Zv‡ì nvZ †_‡K
Bmjvg‡K †ei K‡i Avbv gymjgvb‡ì KZ©e¨| hviv
BmjvwgK g~j¨‡eva I Avj−vnÕi ivmyj nhiZ (`: ) Gi
Av`‡k© Rxeb KvUv‡”Q Zuv‡ì nv‡Z Bmjvg‡K wdwi‡q
Avb‡Z n‡e|
3| mš¿v‡mi Drm n‡jv AÁZv I N„Yv Ges mgvavb n‡jv
wk¶vq| hviv mš¿v‡mi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj Zv‡ì‡K GUv
cwi®‹vifv‡e †evSv‡Z n‡e †h mš¿vm n‡jv Bmjv‡gi m¤ú~Y©
weciZxag©x Ges GUv e¨vcKfv‡e ïaygvÎ Bmjvg ,
gymjgvb Ges gvbeZvi cÖPÛ ¶wZB Ki‡Q|
4| mš¿v‡mi †gvKv‡ejvq `xN©¯’vqx mvs¯‹…wZK mgvavb¸wj‡K
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e , †h mš¿v‡mi gyj i‡q‡Q mvgëv` ,
d¨vmxev` I eY©ev` Av`k©¸wj‡Z| eZ©gv‡b cy‡iv c„w_ex‡ZB

110
110
WviDB‡bi gZev‡ì wfwË‡Z wk¶veë¯’v cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|
Avgiv Av‡M †h wel‡qi Dci †Rvi w`‡qwQ | WviDBwbRg
n‡jv GKwU fyj Av`k© hv gvbyl‡K †`‡L Ggb GK cÖvYx
wnmv‡e , hvi Dbœqb N‡U †KejgvÎ wUu‡K _vKvi Rb¨ jovB
K‡i| GB wek¦vm me ai‡bi mš¿v‡mi wfwË MVY K‡i , †h
Av`k© GUvB fwel¨ZevYx K‡i †h ----- ïaygvÎ hvivB
¶gZvi AwaKvix ZvivB wUu‡K _vK‡e Ges †h Av`k© hy×‡K
gnvb KvR e‡j g‡b K‡i-- †mUv n‡jv wekvj GK
Rjvfywgi g‡Zv hv KL‡bvB c„w_ex‡Z wech©q _vgv‡Z
cvi‡e bv| Ae¯’v hLb Ggb ZLb AvBb I wePvi wefvM
QvovI Av‡iv wKQy eë¯’v ‡bqv cÖ‡qvRb hv mš¿vm‡K
†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvi‡e ; cy‡iv c„w_ex‡Z wk¶vi cÖPvi I
cÖmvi NUv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
WviDBwbRg I †fvMevw`Zvi gy‡Lvk Zz‡j aiv Ges
gvby‡li Rb¨ Avj−vn †h me DËg †gŠwjK bxwZgvjv wba©viY
K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †m meB n‡e wk¶vi wfwË| cÖK…Z mZ¨
a‡g©i Drm Av`k©¸wji wfwË‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi ga¨ w`‡qB
†Kej kvwš— I w¯’wZkxjZv cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e| Rjvf~wgi
ms¯‹vi bv K‡i GB c„w_ex‡K wech©q †_‡K i¶v Kiv
m¤¢e bq|Avgv‡ì Avkv GB †h GB me c`‡¶c c„w_ex‡K
mš¿vm I Ab¨ me N„Yv m„wóKvix wbôzi , Amf¨ KvVv‡gv
†_‡K gy³ Ki‡e|
hy³ivóª wb‡R‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Q , ÔÔ mªóvi Aaxb GKwU
RvwZ ÕÕ ( a nation under God ) wnmv‡e | mwZ¨Kvi L„÷vb
ms¯‹…wZ aviK n‡j G‡ì †Zv gymjgvb‡ì eÜzB nIqvi
K_v| KyiAv‡b Avj−vn& GB m‡Zï cÖwZ `„wó AvKl©Y
K‡i‡Qb Ges Avgv‡ì‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h L„÷vb n‡jv
ZvivB hviv ÔÔ wek¦vmx‡ì me‡P‡q Kv‡Qi ( myiv gvwq`v ,
5: 82 )|
AZx‡Z wKQy AÁ gvbyl ( †hgb L„÷vb ag©‡hv×viv ) GUv
eyS‡Z cv‡i wb Ges `yB a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ hy×
jvwM‡q‡Q| GUv N‡UwQj Ô mf¨Zvi msNl© Õ ev cwðgv
we‡k¦i wei“‡× cweÎ hy× ---GB gZv`k© †_‡K| GB
ai‡Yi NUbv hv‡Z Avi KL‡bv bv N‡U , cÖK…Z avwg©K
L„÷vb I gymjgvb‡ì ZvB ci¯ú‡ii KvQvKvwQ Avm‡Z
n‡e I G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Aek¨B , G ai‡Yi
†kvKven NUbv¸wj NUvi ci †h Dbœqb N‡U‡Q Zv wb‡`©k
K‡i †h mn‡hvwMZvi exR GiB g‡a¨ jvMv‡bv n‡q
wM‡q‡Q| mš¿v‡mi GB `y:LRbK Kvh©Kjvc L„÷vb I

111
111
gymjgvb‡ì‡K ci¯ú‡ii Kv‡Q G‡b‡Q ; GUv A‡bK
L„÷vb‡KB Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv †ekx K‡i Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Q Ges gymjgvb‡ì DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Q Av‡iv e„nËi
cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Ki‡Z hv‡Z †KviAv‡b ewY©Z Bmjv‡gi Av`k©
m¤c‡K© Zviv Ab¨‡ì Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| Gme Dbœqb n‡jv
AZ¨š— mymsev` †h gvbyl GLb Bmjvgx gyj¨‡eva‡K Av‡iv
fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ †h ‡bwZevPK
c~e©-aviYv wQj Zv †_‡K Zuviv wb‡R‡ì‡K gy³ Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| BbkvAvj−vn , GKwesk kZvãxB n‡jv †mB mgq
hLb gvbyl mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© eyS‡Z cvi‡e †h Bmjvgx
gyj¨‡ev‡ai cÖmviB n‡jv GB c„w_ex‡Z `xN© cÖZxw¶Z
kvwš— AR©‡bi GKgvÎ Dcvq|
UxKv :
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3. Ahmad Diya'al-Din al-Kamushkhanawi, Ramuz al-Ahadith, Vol 1,
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12. Bernard Lewis, The Middle East, Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
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