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The Project Management Institute (PMI) is a professional organization for project
managers.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Understand the importance of projects in implementing
organization strategy.
Topic: Current Drivers of Project Management
2. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a characteristic of a project?
; An established objective
; A clear beginning and end

; Specific time, cost and performance requirements
D. For internal use only
; Something never been done by a particular company before
Projects have an established objective, a defined life span, the involvement of several
departments and professionals, is something that has never been done before, and it
has specific time, cost and performance requirements.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 01-03 Identify the different stages of project life cycle.
3. Which of the following activities is NOT considered a project?

; Developing a new software program
; Designing a space station
; Preparing the site for the Olympic Games
D. Production of automobile tires
; Developing a new advertising program
A project is not routine, repetitive work! Ordinary daily work typically requires
doing the same or similar work over and over, while a project is done only once; a
new product or service exists when the project is completed.
Blooms: Understand

Learning Objective: 01-02 Distinguish a project from routine operations.
4. Which of the following activities is the best example of a project?
; Processing insurance claims
; Producing automobiles
C. Writing a policy manual
; Monitoring product quality
; Overseeing customer requests
A project is not routine, repetitive work! Ordinary daily work typically requires
doing the same or similar work over and over, while a project is done only once; a
new product or service exists when the project is completed.

Blooms: Understand
Topic: What is a Project?
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of a project life cycle?
A. Identifying
; Defining
; Planning
; Executing

; Closing
What is a Project? passes sequentially through four stages: defining, planning,
executing and closing.
Blooms: Understand
6. In the _____________ stage of What is a project?, project objectives are
established, teams are formed, and major responsibilities are ;
; Identifying

B. Defining
; Planning
; Executing
; Closing
Specifications of the project are defined; project objectives are established; teams
are formed; major responsibilities are assigned in the defining stage.
Blooms: Understand

7. In the _____________ stage of What is a Project?, a major portion of the
actual project work ;
; Identifying
; Defining
; Planning
D. Executing
; Closing
A major portion of the project work takes place-both physical and mental-in the
executing stage.

Blooms: Understand
8. In the _____________ stage of What is a Project? you are more likely to find
status reports, changes, and the creation of ;
; Identifying
; Defining
; Planning
D. Executing
; Closing
You are more likely to find status reports, changes and the creation of forecasts in
the executing stage of What is a Project?.

Blooms: Understand
9. In the _____________ stage of What is a Project? the project’s schedule and
budget will be ;
; Identifying
; Defining
C. Planning

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; Executing
; Closing
The schedule and budget are determined in the planning stage of What is a Project?.
Blooms: Understand
10. In the _____________ stage of What is a Project? project the product is
delivered to the customer and resources are released from the ;
; Identifying

; Defining
; Planning
; Executing
E. Closing
The product is delivered and project resources are reassigned in the closing stage of
the product life cycle.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy

11. Which of the following is NOT typical of a project manager?
; Managing a temporary activity
B. Overseeing existing operations
; Managing a nonrepetitive activity
; Responsible for time, cost and performance trade-offs
; Work with a group of outsiders, including vendors and suppliers
Project managers manage temporary, non-repetitive activities unlike functional
managers who manage existing operations.

Blooms: Apply
12. Which of the following is NOT one of the driving forces behind the increasing
demand for project management?
; Compression of the product life cycle
; Knowledge explosion
; Increasing need for concurrent multi-project management
D. Declining need for product customization
; More sustainable business practices
An increase in need for product customization is a driving force behind the
increasing demand for project management.

Blooms: Understand
13. Project management is ideally suited for a business environment requiring all
of the following EXCEPT
; Accountability.
; Flexibility.
; Innovation.

; Speed.
E. Repeatability.
Competing in a global market influenced by rapid change, innovation, and time to
market means organizations manage more and more projects.
Blooms: Understand
Topic: Project Governance
14. Which dimension of project management centers on creating a temporary
social system within a larger organizational environment that combines the talents
of a divergent set of professionals working to complete the project?

; Communication
B. Sociocultural
; Social
; Technical
; Scheduling
The sociocultural dimension of project management centers on creating a temporary
social system that supports the project.
Blooms: Understand

Topic: Project Management Today: A Socio-Technical Approach
15. Which of the following statements is true?
; Project management is far from a standard way of doing business.
B. Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational
strategies.
; Project management is being used at a consistent percentage of a firm’s
efforts.
; Project management is a specialty that few organizations have access to.
; All of these statements are false.
Project management is rapidly becoming a standard way of doing business. The
future promises an increase in the importance and the role of projects in contributing
to the strategic direction of organizations.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
16. Project management is important to understand when people are a part of a
project team because they
; Work with others to create a schedule and budget.
; Need to understand project priorities so they can make independent decisions.
; Need to be able to monitor and report project progress.

; Need to understand the project charter or scope statement that defines the
objectives and parameters of the project.
E. All of these are reasons it is important for project team members to understand
project management.
Project members are expected to use project management tools and concepts such
as working as a team to create a budget or schedule and be able to monitor project
progress. They also need to be able to understand project priorities and parameters.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
17. Project governance does NOT include
; Setting standards for project selection.

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are to be either kept by themselves, or thrown away. But the tinged
Spirit is to be abstracted out of a glass cucurbit by an alembick, to
the half, from the tincture, which distilled spirit may again be used in
the same work: but the tincture left in the cucurbit is the medicine,
of which mention has been made.
Now mention being made also of tartarised spirit of wine, that I
may satisfie the doubtful concerning that I will here also give its
description, which is as followeth.
℞. of Tartar 20 or 30 pound, put it in a large coated retort, and
place it in sand, and distil the spirit off with a soft heat.
N. B. This work may better and sooner be performed by that
instrument of our second Furnace; and because it requires great and
large receivers, as being very penetrative, thou maist first apply a tin
or copper Serpent to the neck of the retort, instead of a receiver,
which is placed in a tub filled with cold water, that the spirits being
thereby cooled, may be retained, which afterward you must abstract
to the half, out of a glass cucurbit by an alembick: for the other half
with the black oyl is unprofitable in this work, and therefore to be
taken away. After that, mingle the more subtile part, distilled with
half of the Caput Mortuum, of the aforesaid Spirit, calcined to a
whiteness, and abstract it half again in a gentle Balneum, out of a
glass cucurbit by an alembick, the joynts whereof are every where to
be well closed, and the calcined Tartar shall receive with it self the
stench, together with the Phlegm, only the purer part of the Spirit,
and more subtile distilling forth, which is again to be mingled with
the other half of the Tartar calcined to a whiteness, and to be
rectified by another alembick; the Caput Mortuum may again be
calcined to take away the fetidness, that it may be used again. And
this is that tartarised spirit of wine, with which the aforesaid tincture
and essence is extracted, and truly not only this, but of all other
metals, which no other can do. And if it were lawful, I would write
something more of its wonderful force and vertue which it hath in
purifying baser metals, with which it hath a great affinity; for it can
separate the pure from the impure, of which more in another place.

T
But when it is to be used in mending of metals, it needs not so much
rectification as is required in the extracting of metallick medicines;
where you may draw it in plenty out of the dry lees of wine. But
there is also another tartarised spirit of wine, which may also be
used in this same work, which is made after the following way:
Dissolve in a pound of the spirit of wine six ounces of Crystal of
Tartar; which solution use in the aforesaid extraction, in the same
manner.
Of the Virtues of this Medicine.
his Antimonial Tincture doth, above all other Medicines evacuate
vitious humours, and insensibly purgeth impure blood; opens
any obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Reins, and the other vessels,
attracting to it all malignities, and leaving no impurities behind it.
And because it cleanseth the blood, it cures the Leprosy, French-pox,
and itch, and other Diseases proceeding from the impurity of the
blood. By its penetrative and attenuative vertue, it resolves all
tartareous humours, and evacuateth them, viz. which ingender the
Gout, the stone of the Bladder and Reins; but not the Stone
perfectly coagulated, only it mitigateth its pain, and hinders its
encrease; but being not hardened or coagulated, it attracteth and
evacuateth it totally and fundamentally out of all parts; it takes away
also all Feavers, and other diseases coming from the superfluity of
humours. It gently evacuateth the water between the skin, by siege
and urine. In brief, it strengthens and purges the principal parts, and
preserves them from all preternatural accidents. It is a most
excellent preservative in the time of pestilence, and other contagious
diseases; and of them being caught, it is a most absolute remedy,
expelling the disease suddenly from the heart, and evacuating it. In
few words, ’tis of all others a most excellent Universal Medicine, very
profitable to both old and young, and also very safe; but warily to be
ministred, by reason of its strength with which it is endued, which is
most powerful, for it is as a great fire, which extinguisheth the
lesser. Truly a better medicine cannot be desired than this, which is
extracted of a very mean thing, in a short space of time, and with

S
very small cost and pains. I ingenuously confess, I never saw its like,
which I doubt not to be the best in the World. Wherefore then do we
seek any other but this, viz. which excels in those things which are
desired from the real medicine? But as it is most excellent, yet I am
certain, that many deluded people will be offended at it, being
prepared out of Antimony, a mean and despised thing, and after a
plain way. But ’tis no matter, For the world will be deceived, looking
after gay things, disrespecting and despising mean things, when all
good things, yea, even when God himself doth rejoice in simplicity,
for which, by wicked and proud men he is not sought unto. But this
is the effect of sin, by which man is so blinded, that though he know
not good, when set before his eyes, yet he is studious of evil.
Of the Use and Dose of this Medicine.
eeing of all medicines it is the most powerful, it had need be
warily used, for a smaller dose is alwaies safer than a greater;
which therefore may after be given; the which is to be observed in
all diseases of young and old. To children of 2, 3, 4, or 6 months old,
against the Worms, Scabs, Feavers, and Epilepsie, you need not give
above half a drop with a proper vehicle, which you may repeat three
or four times a day: it killeth the Worms, it emptyeth the stomach of
evil humours: it refresheth them, and preserves them from
scabbiness; and because it evacuateth evil and corrupt humours, it
preserveth them from the small pox and measles, viz. if it be used
every month; but to children of 1, 2, or 3 years old, you may give a
drop, and to children of 4 or 5 years old a drop and a half: to young
people between 15 and 24 years, may be given 2, 3, or 4 drops. To
stronger bodies from 25 to 50 years, 4, 5, 6, or 7 drops. But the
dose must be greater or less, with a regard had to the sickness of
the patient. And in the Stone and Gout, may be daily administred in
wine or beer, viz. in the morning fasting, unless the patient be very
weak; for then you may give it twice or thrice in a day, and continue
this till the cure be perfected; where is to be observed that he must
keep a temperate dyet.

In the Leprosy, French-Pox and Scurvy, every morning may a dose
be given, and the disease shall totally be rooted out. Otherwise, viz.
the strength being too much wasted and weakned, you may give
only every other day, viz. so long as shall be need.
In the Epilepsie it may be given daily; and also in the Dropsy. In
all Feavers, two or three hours before the fit. In the Plague it is to be
given presently, and every day to be repeated: but for a preservative
to be drunk every week once. In all other internal affects it must be
given daily, until the declining of the disease; but afterward by little
and little, the medicine is to be used till the disease be fully cured.
In external, as in fresh wounds by a blow, thrust or shot, broken
bones, &c. every day once; with a necessary extrinsical application
of a Plaister. In old Fistulaes and Cancers, it may be used once every
day intrinsically and extrinsically, the place affected may be cleansed
with Mineral Oyntments. For by this means every inveterate evil,
how desperate soever, is throughly cured, and pleasantly, without all
pain.
But although this be most precious of all medicines, yet there is a
menstruum not corrosive, with which not only more easily than with
the spirit of wine tartarised, a Universal Medicine may be extracted
out of Antimony, and endued with better than the aforesaid vertues;
so that for the charge of one royal, in three days time, so much may
be gotten as may serve to cure some thousands of men, but also all
vegetables, animals, and minerals and metals, are radically dissolved
and reduced into their first matter: by which means not only very
great Poysons are changed into most wholesome medicines, but also
bitter things are deprived of their bitterness: for by it things are so
corrected, that they do no more provoke stool and vomit, viz. which
are very vehement Catharticks (by nature) being changed into most
excellent restoratives. Also fetid things being corrected by it, do
acquire a sweet odour. And it doth not only (which seems a wonder)
dissolve vegetables, animals and minerals with those things which
come of them, but also the very Glasses; wherefore you must
alwaies chuse the strongest glasses for digestion and solution, or in

the defect of such, the weaker are to be changed every 6 houres.
And yet it is not at all altered by those things that it doth reduce and
turn into their first matter medicinal, neither in vertue nor colour; for
it alwaies keeps the middle place between pure and impure, of
which this falls to the bottom, but that swims on the top of the
menstruum, which may again be used. In brief, it’s vertues in
preparing medicines cannot be enough praised. But it may be
compared with the Mercurial water of Basilus Valentinus; and the
Alcahest of Paracelsus and Helmont, which I judge to be the Fire of
the Maccabees turned into a thick water under-ground. It is a
perpetual fire, but not alwaies burning visibly; it is a water
permanent, not wetting the hands, the Sope of the Wise, the
Philosophers Azoth, and the Royal-Bath.
Which Menstrue though I have known some years, and have often
used it with metallicks, and by it have found out many secrets, yet I
never thought of its use in Physick, until being askt of one who was
a great Student of Helmont, whether I knew the preparation of the
liquor Alcahast of Paracelsus; and naming some of the vertues of
this liquor in preparing Medicines, I began to bethink my self, and I
observed that it was my secret Balneum, that purifies minerals.
Wherefore I presently made tryal with vegetables and animals (for I
knew the Vertues thereof in metallicks) and I found wonderful and
astonishing things in it, which before were incredible to me. I affirm
and confess therefore sincerely, that all and every the invented
medicines published by others and my self, how rare and costly
soever, are most mean things in my estimation. For this Universal
Key was wanting to us. For our vegetables and minerals, however by
art macerated, cannot be perfectly resolved, and therefore we
hitherto have had but part of their vertues. But now we need not
much art, labour and cost, to reduce a whole body without
corrosives, into the first matter, like in shape to some clear and
excellent water, of its own accord casting forth its superfluous
terrestreity, and becoming a most wholesome medicine, consisting of
the three purest principles; the which cannot be done without this
menstruum. For, What else could Physicians extract out of herbs

than Syrups, Electuaries, Conserves and Waters? With which
Preparations they were not amended, but only qualified with the
addition of Sugar or Honey, because there is no separation made of
the pure from the impure, or good from bad. For all are left mixt
together in the Electuaries and Conserves, but in the Syrups and
Waters distilled there is only some part. Extracts indeed by the spirit
of Wine are not to be disesteemed, if rightly prepared, but they are
no better than their simples; and besides, want that which the spirit
of wine cannot draw out, which remainder, though being calcined for
the drawing out the salt, which is mingled with the extract, yet that
is not of much moment, for fire destroyeth the vertue of herbs, so
that fixed salts, as crystallised, do perform nothing in medicine,
those excepted which without combustion are made out of the juice
of herbs, of which in the third part of our Furnaces Philosophical. But
none dares extract the most strong or efficacious sort of herbs for
medicine, because they in preparation are not corrected or
amended.
But by this means the most strong Herbs, which without this
Preparation are poysons, are matured and purified by the liquor
Alcahest; so that they may safely be taken against most grievous
Diseases. For God did not create these herbs in vain, as some think,
which he purposely created that his wonderful works might appear,
and that it is possible to take away the Curse from them by a man,
being freed from the malediction by the regeneration through Christ.
See Opium, Mandrake, Henbane, Hemlock, and other stupifying
things, how deadly they are, being cautiously used; which corrected
by this Menstrue, become most safe and excellent medicines. How
dangerous is spurge, scamony, hellebor, gambugium, and other
strong purgers (being administred unwarily) no man is ignorant: all
which are by this way corrected, and changed into most wholesome
medicaments. Who, I pray, dares eat Wolfsbane, and poysonous
Toad-stools, and other venomous vegetables? which are all so
corrected by the liquor Alcahest, as that not only they are not
poysonous, but are also turned into most safe and wholsome
medicines of many diseases, Nux vomica, Levant-berries, and other

things that disturb the Brain, are by this means made wholsome;
also poysonous Animals, as Spiders, Toads, Serpents, Vipers, &c. are
by it corrected, as that not only they are not poysonous, but do
resist and expel poyson.
N. B. Consider the Spiders signed with the cross, who change their
skin every month, and renew themselves, which the Serpents and
halcion do but once a year. How great the vertue of worms, earthy
and crude, &c. is in resolving tartarous humours, and the French
Disease, many know; What then will they do, being corrected with
this Menstrue? The Cantharides and Millipedes are also so corrected,
that they may more safely be used in provoking Urine. And if that
most venomous Basilisk, of which there are so many fables, whose
sight only kills men (which according to the letter is false) could be
had, he might be changed into medicine by the liquor Alcahest; as
that mineral Basilisk, Gun-powder may be; which in a moment kills
innumerable men; also Arsenick, Orpiment, Kobolt, and the like; so
that they be deprived of their malignity, and be reduced into very
excellent medicines. In brief, its excellent vertues which it manifests
in correcting of venomous simples cannot be sufficiently described.
Wherefore it’s worth our pains to search it with all our power, that
we may prepare admirable medicines, that the sick may not for the
future be so vexed with those tedious and bitter cups. Truly I cannot
enough admire its great vertues, which have been hid so long. It is
not a corrosive thing, and yet dissolves every thing, but some things
sooner than others. It changeth and amendeth their natural vertues;
wherefore it may be the comfort of Spagyrists, having a long time
sought for rare medicines, viz. being that by which vegetables are
separated and corrected, and also animals and minerals. Wherefore
all conscientious Physicians may have commended to them the
Preparation of this universal Menstrue, by the help whereof to
prepare their medicines; of which the original and preparation is vile,
but its vertues most efficacious, the finding out and uses abstruse.
Wherefore it is not obtained, but from God, from whom proceeds
every good gift. Do not think then that gluttony and drunkenness,
idleness, pride, and lying, the contempt of thy neighbour, malice,

avarice, with an impious life, to be the means by which it is to be
obtained, for it is only the gift of the merciful God, viz. this
Menstrue, the gate and key of which is only Divine mercy. But that
thou maist know what is to be determined concerning medicines
prepared out of poysonous simples, I will in brief expound that by
example; for all vegetables, animals, and minerals, called poysons,
making war with humane nature being intrinsically used, and
therefore not undeservedly shunn’d of all, are like some powerful
unvanquishable enemy, with all his power seeking the oppression
and destruction of his contrary, who being checked by a mediator of
no less strength, and reconciled with his contrary, does no more
(being unable before the reconciliation to resist his powerful
enemies) fear the contrariety of his enemy, which now is made his
friend, bringing aid for the exstirpating and vanquishing of all such-
like (otherwise) invincible enemies. Even so is it with venomous
vegetables, animals, and minerals, destructive to humane nature:
which by the liquor Alkahest (a checker and reconciler) are so
corrected and reduced, that they hurt not, being deprived of their
malignity and made friends with men: whereby they are not longer
poysonous enemies, but very safe and wholsome remedies, agreeing
to humane nature, overcoming and expelling other the like enemies
otherwise poysonous and invincible, for by how much the more
enemy before reconciliation it was, by so much the more help is
brought by it, the reconciliation being made. There is not the like
found in nature, which can so suddenly correct Poysons, and reduce
them into their first matter, and bring them into very wholsome
essences. Let religious Physicians then that can, get this. And so I
end this declaration (not without cause set down) which will move
those hearts which are not as yet hardened. This certainly is a true
Philosophical correction, with which that which is malign is turned
into a wholsome substance. What profits that correction, I pray,
which is made by the admixtion of other things, as in the mixture of
Catharticks and Cordials? Truly nothing, neither can the Cordials do
any thing but debilitate the Catharticks; for nature is not at once
able to expel a purging poyson, and attract a thing confortative and
corroborative: For a Purge being given, forthwith that shews its

strength in the body, whose malignity nature resisting, desireth to
expel it, before that it can attract the confortative; wherefore that
friend is expelled, together with the disease. The same happens in
the mixture of sugar, honey, and other sweet things with bitter,
sharp, and tart, &c. whose unpleasantness is not corrected by sweet
things, but only dulled, thereby acquiring another smell and taste,
without any other essential alteration. Which correction is like to that
which is made in Taverns, amending the air with sweet fumes, which
before was infected with the spittings, spewings, and stinks of
rustick drunkards, which is to rusticks an excellent correction,
attracting the ill as well as the good aromatick odour, being by
drunkenness deprived of their judgment, but not so to sober men
enjoying the use of Understanding, to whom that seems a rustick
correction. In this manner (not to be commended) are at this day
simples corrected. But a true and Philosophical correction is done by
it self, without the addition of other things, by benefit of the fire
only, as well actual as potentially moist, by ripening, mending, and
separating the malignity; which is done by the liquor Alcahest; as it
is called by Paracelsus and Helmont.
But whether this my liquor be the same Alcahest of Paracelsus and
Helmont, it matters not if it perform the same things.
Fire, and a fiery vertue may do much, but not by burning and
destroying, but by maturation and nutrition; and feeding and
moistening. Of which moist Fire, see Artephius, Bernhardus, Basilius,
Paracelsus, &c. for maturation is not done with cold things, but hot,
promoting germination. And what ever Nature hath left imperfect in
the vegetable, mineral, and animal kingdom, viz. accidentally; that
may be amended by Art with the liquor Alkahest, which is the best
way of correction, until by benefit of art, and the help of nature,
some better thing be found out, &c.
And these are the vertues of that wonderful liquor Alkahest, which
is made use of in the preparation of medicines: And, because it is
said before that it shews its vertues on metallicks also, I could not
conceal them from the studious. But all its vertues shall not here be

related, for it is endued with so many, that no mortal is able to
number them. As for me, although by divine favour and the
instruction of that excellent man Paracelsus (excellently in a certain
place, but observed but by few; describing it, speaking of it briefly,
but very plainly and clearly naming it) I did obtain the knowledge
thereof, which afterward daily I did more and more encrease, so that
I could hardly believe that any ever had spent so much money and
pains in the searching of its vertues, for the trying of metals: yet I
must needs confess, although happily I have made more tryal
therein than any other; that many of its vertues are as yet unknown
to me. Seeing then that its vertues and strength cannot all be tryed
by any man, by reason of his short life, although searching an
hundred years; and that by our merciful Father only to a few, and
but part of the knowledge of its wonderful and incredible force, is
granted, to the glory of His Divine Name, in favour of the poor sick,
which none, how learned soever, with his ambitious learning and
craft could ever obtain. Therefore some excellent gifts being given
from the Father of lights, the Omnipotent G O D, to some of His
Children, gratis, and out of meer mercy, viz. for some causes, I
easily believe, that it is not His Will that it shall long be kept close,
but be revealed to the world, to the glory of His Name, and the
benefit of our poor neighbour. Wherefore I could not longer hold my
peace, hiding my talent which I received gratis, though small, but
communicate it gratis to my neighbour; but so that the Divine
mystery may not be gotten by those ungodly abusers, but only by
the worthy through divine favour. I affirm therefore expresly, that in
whole nature such a thing may not be found; for not only by its help
all animals, vegetables and minerals may be reduced into very
excellent and safe medicines, but also be brought into the first
matter; minerals and metals may be purified, washed and fixed, and
so changed into better bodies. That which is worthy admiration, that
in so vile and mean a subject should lye hid so great vertues, by
which alone without any other art, may be acquired riches and
honours, and lost health. Than which thing, what doth mortal man
more need in his misery, besides the Divine Word, the comfort of the
soul, than for necessary sustentation of life, soundness of body, and

F
honest report before God and men? All these things may be had
with this subject, so that one need not to involve himself into any
other troublesome art or vanity of this world, having this secret,
whereby all necessaries may in abundance be procured: of which
gift that this unclean world is unworthy, I do affirm sincerely,
because it swells with ambition and avarice; for which we are not
able to give God the Donor sufficient thanks in our whole life,
wherefore I would have all what state or order soever earnestly
admonished, that they do not use this gift from Heaven to the
destruction of their souls, but in thankfulness to Him that gave it,
and every way to the good of their Christian Neighbour.
Now follow the Vertues which it manifesteth in Metallicks.
irst, it (viz.) the Philosophical Menstrue, doth radically dissolve all
minerals and metals without noise, and reduces them into very
safe and wholsome medicines. Out of gold it makes potable gold;
out of silver potable silver, and so consequently of other potable
metals; so that it may well be called The Universal Mercury.
Secondly, This secret Menstrue purgeth, washeth, and
transmuteth minerals and metals to a more noble species; wherefore
it may well be called Sapo Sapientum, by which the saying of the
Philosophers is confirmed; Ignis & Azoth abluunt Latonem.
Thirdly, By it all minerals and metals are matured and fixed, so as
that afterward the immature gold or silver incorporated with them,
may by cupellation be drawn out with gain; wherefore ’tis deservedly
compared to Hermes seal.
Fourthly, It makes metals volatile, and radically conjoyns them
that they abide together, and one act on the other in the fire; it
destroys and revives, kills and renews; wherefore it is compared to
the Phenix.
Fifthly, It separates metals without any loss, and that speedily; but
after another manner than corrosives, so that each of them may be
had by themselves. For Example: Being about to separate gold,

silver, copper, iron, tin, lead mixt; one, or two, three, or four of them
mixt, that they may appear each by themselves, without the loss of
any, you need not cupellate the mixture with lead, which way only
gold and silver are gotten out, with the loss of all the rest: but by
this way they are all preserved, where by turns, one after another,
they are extracted wonderfully and swiftly, in half an hours time, by
this sharp Vinegar of the Philosophers, &c.
Sixthly, By it metals may suddenly be mortified and reduced into
transparent glass, irreducible, and like Amausa, but reserving the
propriety and nature of every metal: which in the reduction of Gold
do give perfect silver; whereby is confirmed that saying of the
Philosophers, The corruption of one thing is the generation of
another; and that of Paracelsus, Ex aliquo fiat nihilum, & ex nihilo
aliquid. But this incombustible water, or permanent water, shews the
truth of the Philosophers writings, generally mentioning it. In it the
solution, putrefaction, distillation, sublimation, circulation, ascension,
descension, cohobation, inceration, calcination, coagulation, fixation
and fermentation, &c. in their work to be done at one time and one
way: In which only operation all the colours appear of which the
Philosophers make mention; as the head of the crow, virgins milk,
dragons blood, peacocks tayls, green and red lyon, &c. There is also
by it demonstrated the truth (by the liquor Alkahest) of that
Hermetical saying, That which is above, is as that which is beneath,
&c. and many other things are performed by its help, as making that
secret Sandivogian Chalybs; also that long sought-for oyl of Talc.
So far (courteous Reader) hath come my Experience; neither
doubt I, but by it to obtain that universal Salamander which lives in
the fire.
These things which I write are true, and no fallacies. And though
this secret be incredible to the ignorant, for the wonderful vertues it
sheweth in the preparation of medicines, I would willingly publish it
to the World for publick good, but on consideration I held it not
meet to communicate it for certain causes. But only lest the
knowledge of it should perish, and that the true (and almost extinct)

medicine for the curing of diseases vulgarly incurable, might flourish,
I have revealed this secret menstruum to two friends, viz. its
preparation and use. [See the preparation in Mirac. Mundi, and
Apology against Farner.]
But do thou not think, because I write of these high things, that I
do intend to make common the Secret to all in general; not so, but I
endeavour to confirm him that seeketh, and give him occasion to
Search this secret deeper; which being found, he shall not only find
the truth of my words, but he shall daily by exercise obtain far
greater things than these.
And because I have never aspired after vain riches and honours,
nor never desire them; I might well be perswaded to leave to others,
as yet not hating the wicked World, my troublesome labours,
because in this my painful age such tedious labours are very
burdensome; besides Philosophy hath pointed me another way, so
that what I am able I have determined to abstain from these
vanities, and to seek a perpetual good, the life of rest; but my
counsel shall not be wanting to those that seek it: for besides moved
with the former reasons, also seeing innumerable many vain
philosophers, as well learned as unlearned, uncessantly working,
and losing their time and labour, and at last despairing, are
perswaded that there is no truth in the Philosophers writings, but to
be all filled with lyes and deceits; whence royal Chymistry is
disgraced.
But this menstruum sufficeth to defend the writings of the
Philosophers, without the metallick transmutations; so that I verily
believe the time to be near, when the Omnipotent G O D, before He
judge the World by fire, will shew His omnipotency to the Nations,
by the revelation of the wonderful and incredible things of nature; of
which, transmutation of metals is not the least, which in the third
part of this Mineral Work I shall deliver to the last age, (being
acceptable to God) to the profit of my neighbor, and for
demonstration sake. Wherefore I now pass over such things, with a

T
firm hope, that this faithful Admonition shall be received as an
undoubted and infallible truth.
How the aforesaid Regulus of the flowers and dross of
Antimony, is to be used in the bettering of course Metals,
shall be shewn, that A R T may not be abused.
he Antimonial Regulus, a radical metallick humour, may help to
perform wonderful things, for being reduced to a water without
a corrosive, it resolveth all metals, cleanseth, washeth, and purifieth
them, and turns them into a better species, so that particularly not a
small gain may be from thence received. But how it may be reduced
into water, and how by its help metals may be resolved, volatilized,
and again fixed, hath been demonstrated by Artephius, Basilius and
Paracelsus; wherefore we need not here repeat their writings, but
refer the Reader to their works.
But not only the Regulus, but also all Antimony may many waies
be used in the separation of metals, viz. For the extraction of hidden
Gold, which not be done without Antimony; as shall appear by the
following example. When you find a marcasit or other ironish fossile,
that will not yield to the tryal by lead, add to it three parts of
Antimony, and being well mixt, melt them in a covered crucible, and
being melted, pour it into a cone; and when all is cold, separate the
Regulus, which purge again by fire as before, and thou shalt find
gold contained in the aforesaid fossile: And if it be indued with more
plenty of gold, for it is not all drawn out at one time, viz. with the
first Regulus, another Regulus is to be melted, by adding more iron
and salt-petre, which is also of a nature near to Sol. And if these
marcasit fossiles are not ferreous, you must in the first fusion, add
iron and nitre to them, or else they yield no Regulus. By the adding
more scales of iron, more Regulus is made, and for the same use as
that is, of which above in the fusion and separation of extracted
gold; weights also may be made out of the dross. And thus are lapis
calaminaris, marcasit, kobolt, zink, talc, and other fossiles separated,
viz. containing gold.

But all gold containing iron (as that of Stiria, Carinthia, the
Granacia, and of Transylvania &c.) may this way be easily separated
with profit, by the help of iron. And if the iron have no gold, yet if
the Antimony have it, it may thence be separated by fusion with
iron, viz. if it be brought to a Regulus. The rest of the Antimony may
again be fused with new iron and new glass of more weight than it,
but less than this, and be reduced into a Regulus fit for the following
uses. Out of the dross let weights (that nothing may be lost) be
made, that thou maist have the more gain; as may appear from the
following example.
When you have the Antimony, a hundred of which contains two
duckats, if you will separate the gold; take a hundred [weight]
divided into three or four parts, fuse it according to art, adding a
little iron and salt of ashes, and reduce them into small Regulus’s,
weighing a pound or two. Then melt the dross with half the weights
of the iron in a large and strong crucible, and thou shalt have more
Regulus’s about fifty pound or more, dross 40 lib. which make
weights of, or else guns, &c. the rest, about eight or nine pounds,
will vanish into smoak. And so thou hast reduced the gold contained
in a hundred weight, into one or two pounds, which thou maist
sublime by fire into flowers (leaving the gold in the fire) for its uses,
but those 50 or 60 pounds of the Regulus’s prepared by adding
much iron, they having little or no gold, you may mingle with tin for
its beauty, hardness and sounding, to make divers sorts of houshold-
stuff, as platters, dishes, &c. for tin mixt with the Regulus looks like
silver for whiteness and hardness, and sounds like it, nor is it so
easily dulled as unmixt.
Now let us weigh what gain may come from the separation of the
meanest Antimony. Put case that a hundred weight of Antimony be
sold for three Royals (for so for the most part the Polonian is sold,
than which, although that of Hungaria and Transilvania be dearer,
yet this hath more gold) to which add 60 pound of iron, which is
sold for half a royal, and the charge of coals and crucibles requisite
be half a royal more: the total of the expences is four royals, for
which take two duckats in gold, sixty pound of Regulus, eighty

pound of dross, and one or two pound of flowers. Those 60 lib. of
Regulus may be sold at the price of tin, whereof a pound is sold for
a quarter of a royal, and then their whole price is fifteen royals.
Then the eighty pound of refuse made into weights, may be sold at
forty shillings, or at least twenty four shillings, or half a royal; and all
things being considered and reckoned, as they ought, there may
remain the value of sixteen royals.
And though the Antimony should yield but one duckat, and a
pound of Regulus should be sold at the eighth part of a royal, yet
the remainder would be above six royals: And in a day there may
easily be two hundred weight separated by two men. And then
suppose it should contain no gold (as some Antimony doth not) yet
may four or five royals be gotten daily.
But when you have Antimony, one hundred whereof contains
three, four, or five duckats, and iron requisite to the separation
containing one or two ducats, then there is so much more gained.
Then let him that undertakes this business seek for the best
Antimony and iron, and he may well gain in a day twenty, thirty, and
sometimes sixty royals.
N. B. And if you should have so much Regulus that you could not
mix all of it with tin, for want thereof, then it may be sold in parcels,
so that one ℔ may go at a fourth part of a royal; by which means
the daily gain may not be diminished, but may be rather encreased;
as may be seen by what follows. The Regulus of Antimony is the
masculine species of Lead; whose first being is gold impure and
immature: but the first being of common Lead is impure and
immature Silver; as experience witnesses; for Antimony being
purged and fixt, yields gold, but the common lead only silver. And
because Antimony, which is better than common Lead, is called the
Philosophers lead, or their secret lead; of many so named, but
known of few; not that the thing is unknown, or of an unknown
original, but by reason of its hidden proprieties; therefore I say that
its vertues are not all to be known by any mortal, though he should
have a hundred years to search into wonderful nature, for it is

H
unsearchable, and the creator of all wonders, let him injoyn himself
silence, neither let him glory in the knowledge of it, who hath not
made tryal of it; for in it, through it, and by it, Nature and Art do
strive for perfection. Of which more elsewhere.
Now follows the Use.
aving mentioned Antimonial Regulus, which is Lead and better
than the common. It must also purify impure metals, wash
them, separate the occult Gold and Silver in them; that which the
common Lead can do, to which, if those be added, it attracteth the
more impure part in the Cupel, which it converteth into dross, and
draweth down with it into the porous ashes, leaving the purer Gold
and Silver in the Cupel: but from some Tin and Copper not yielding
to the Lead, nor willing to be washed by it, it cannot extract their
Gold and Silver; neither hath any one written the way of separation
by it. Lazarus Erker indeed hath described (and others also) the way
of separating Silver from Tin and Iron, which is not to be
disesteemed if it be accidentally mixed with Silver, which is separable
that way, but not so, being generated in, and radically mixt with
them, requiring other Lead, willingly embracing Tin and Iron, which
nothing but Regulus can perform.
But seeing Tin and Iron do for the most part, contain much Gold
(but chiefly Tin) viz. inseparable by the common way, it will be worth
our pains to seek another Lead and way of separation; as it is
apparent to Refiners, proving Tin and Iron by the common way on a
test; whilst Tin and Iron melted in the Lead, do forthwith shew their
stubbornness by innate proprieties and forsake it, viz. as a contrary
rising to the top like dross or ashes, without any separation, Gold
and Silver being excepted, if accidentally mixt together, which are
left with the Lead; but not so being hid in their middle or center. But
that the truth hereof may appear, I will demonstrate it by example:
Place on a test under a tyle 16. parts of Lead, and one of Tin, after
the manner of proofs, give a fusing fire for to separate the dross;
and all the Tin almost flying away, will at the bottom be burnt, and
separated like ashes, being sublimated on the top of the Lead; not

deprived of its Gold and Silver incorporated together, which
afterward I shall demonstrate, when all the Tin is sublimated from
the Lead, and calcined, and the test taken from under the tyle, and
the rest of the Lead poured off, and you shall find after cupellation
no more Silver than the sixteen parts of Lead did contain before, if
they had been cupelled without Tin; sometimes less, Some part
being taken away by the Tin in the examination: the same is done
with Iron, altho’ thou shouldst add Copper with glass of Lead, to
retain the Tin and Iron, thereby to separate their Gold and Silver,
you would effect nothing: for although some more Silver may hereby
be extracted, yet that would not come from the Tin or Iron, but from
the Copper: it may therefore be extracted another way, of which,
hereafter.
In the mean while I will prove clearly, that the separation of tin
and iron by common lead, thereby to get their gold and silver, is of
no value, which being left in them, are turned into ashes and dross.
Take any tin, and reduce it into ashes by lead, or agitation, on a
smooth earthen vessel (tryed before, by the common way, for
distinction sake, which calcine well, that the corporeal tin powdered,
may be calcined, or being melted, may be separated from the
ashes). Then take of these ashes one part, and of the following flux,
or of that a little after six parts or more; being mixt, fuse them in a
strong crucible with a strong fire, until the Flux have Consumed or
drunk up all the calx of the Tin, and of them both shall be made
one, viz. yellow or red Glass, which may be tryed with a crooked
wier put in: which if it seem not clear, the crucible must be covered
again, and a greater Fire be given, until the Fire be perfect; which
labour in one half hour is finished: which done, pour it into a brass
mortar, afterward to be covered, until it be a cold, that it leap not
out and be lost.
Afterward powder it, which with calx of Tin, mix the equal weight
of filings of Iron; being mixt, put them into a strong Crucible
(because the Flux is very penetrative) covered, and give a strong fire
for fusion half an hour: which done, pour it out, for the Tin hath

℞
made separation, and reduced some part of the Lead out of the
Flux, sinking to the bottom to be separated when it is cold, to be
reduced into dross on a test, and then to be cupelled, and you shall
find grain Gold drawn from Tin without Silver. And if before you
weigh the calx of Tin by the lesser Hundred weight, and after that
the grains of Gold, you may easily conjecture how much Gold is
contained in the whole hundred weight of Tin ashes, viz. at the least
3, 4, 5, or 6. Lotones, or half Ounces, if thou work aright.
See then the Fault is not to be imputed to the metals, but us,
being ignorant of the separation of the Gold and Silver.
You should not perswade your self by this means to get much
wealth out of Tin; for I have not written this for that end, but only to
demonstrate the possibility. And if thou think that Gold will come out
of Iron by the fluxing powder, mingle then filings of Iron with the
Flux, before thou put in the calx of Tin, and thou shalt find in so
doing, that Gold doth come neither from the Flux or Iron, but out of
Tin; then being hereby assured, that ’tis the Tin which contains
Gold, thou mayst consider, how most conveniently that may be
extracted, viz. with other Lead, and another way, as shall be
hereafter taught. Neither think that Tin contains no more Gold than
you have heard; for more there is if you can wisely extract it: neither
do I deny, that more Gold may be extracted out of the Tin, but more
care than this is to be given, if you desire more plenty. But Gold may
thence be extracted, not only by Flux, but diverse other wayes, in
diverse weights; for what is written, is only for demonstration of the
possibility, that the Gold contained in the imperfect metals, may be
extracted by a secret separation.
The Fluxing Powder requisite to this Work.
one part of very pure and white Sand, or Flints, having no Gold
fusible; to which, add three parts of Litharge of Lead; being
mixt, fuse in a very strong Fire, that thereof a transparent Glass may
be made of it, which pour out, that it may be cold, and reduce it to
powder; which use in the aforesaid manner. But you may ask, why

Sand and Flints are mingled, seeing they are not of a metallick
nature: to which I say, the calx of Tin, cannot, as also other Fossiles
be Examined by Lead alone, for the following Reasons, viz. because
in the Calcination of Tin, its metallick nature is hidden, but the
impure and earthy parts are manifest, wherefore it hath no longer
affinity with Lead and other metals; unless the hidden parts of the
lead be manifest, and also other metals and the manifest be hidden,
for then they easily embrace one the other, and are again mingled
well, and not altered.
What belongs to the alteration of other metals doth not belong
hither; for to this place only pertain Lead and Tin, the alteration of
which is demonstrated by this tryal; whereby it appears to be thus.
Lead reduced into ashes, by it self, or into Litharge, and deprived
of its metallick form, cannot so in this work be used without the
flints or sand, for the following reason. The lead and glass thereof
made by it self is very fusible and volatile; but the calx of tin is very
difficultly fused: which two calxes, although they should be mingled
to fuse in a crucible, yet would not be mingled, nor being fused,
embrace one the other, by reason of the difference of their fusibility;
because the calx of lead alone being fused by a small fire, will
perforate and penetrate the crucible, the calx of Tin being left in the
crucible: wherefore you must add sand or flints to the lead, viz. to
hinder its fusibility, that it may endure the same degree of heat with
those that are difficultly fused, and further their flux. For like things
do mutually affect and embrace each other; as water doth water, oyl
oyl, and glass glass; and metals other metals; but water is not
mingled with oyl; neither are glasses mingled with metals, but
metals with metals, and glass with glass, whether it be made of
metals or out of sand. Wherefore they greatly err who mingle the
calx of metals difficultly miscible, or other hard things with lead to
prove or examin, not considering that corporeal lead hath no affinity
with them: who remaining in their errour, and not weighing the thing
further, consequently can find nothing of any moment.

But when the calx of metals united with lead by a medium, as
flints or sand, are brought together into transparent glass; then the
lead being precipitated and separated from the mixture, it cannot
be, but that the gold and silver contained in them must be carried
away with it. This is a true and philosophical tryal, and not to be
contemned, for many things may be by it performed.
N. B. But this is not to be passed by, that in the mutual mixture
and fusion of the glass of lead and the calx of tin, and other hard
metals, one may easily err, viz. in the precipitation (which is done
with the mixture of iron) of the gold with the lead into Regulus, by
either the excess or defect, so that nothing may be gotten, which is
committed in precipitation. For if the mixture stand long in the fire
not fused, it is burnt, so that it cannot well be separated, and if it
stand too long fused in the fire, the gold is attracted by the dross, by
reason of the mixture of the iron, having great affinity with the gold,
so that by this means nothing can be gotten: wherefore the Work is
to be done warily, and with wisdom and industry. You must have a
care you burn not the Regulus of lead with too much fire, when you
reduce it into dross; for fear of attracting the gold from the iron, and
turning it into dross. And although this may by Art be prevented, yet
we must not presently create every one Master of Arts, it requiring
diligence and daily exercise, besides the reading of Books. But this
Secret shall other where be communicated.
This admonition then I give, that thou do not impute thy errour (if
thou dost err) to me, but to thy self, for what I have written is true:
and do not thence infer an impossibility of attracting gold by iron,
out of lead, and of turning it into dross, which is no wonder to me,
though it may so seem to thee. Which he who hath the knowledge
of metals will himself easily perceive. But that thou maist be certain,
try the certainty after the following manner: Take two hundred lib. of
lead, of the lesser weight of the Refiners, put it on a test under a
tyle; add eight or ten lotons of pure gold, of tin two or three l. six or
eight of iron, viz. of the lesser weight: make them flow together an
hour to make dross; as Examiners use to do; then pour it out, and
separate the lead from the dross, viz. to cupel that which is

separated, then weigh the grains of gold left, and thou shalt find half
of it consumed by the dross. If this happen to corporeal gold and
fixt, How will it be with that which is newly extracted out of an
imperfect metal? Therefore you must diligently search out the
natures of metals, and then such cases will not seem incredible.
From hence then, and other Examples mentioned it appears, that
that separation which is done by tests and cupels, is not true and
legitimate; and consequently, that another profitable separation of
metals is to be sought; because by this the greater part of gold and
silver burns into dross, witness Experience, for which cause the
former example was alleadged; whither belongs the proof, viz. how
much gold the dross hath attracted, which is done as followeth: ℞
the remaining black dross, to which add a double weight of salt of
tartar, put it in a crucible filled but to the half (for fear of boyling
out) and covered, that nothing fall in, under a tile or among live
coals, one or two hours space to digest; and a new Regulus of lead
shall be precipitated, which separated from the dross, you may
cupel, and you shall find new grains of gold attracted by the iron in
the dross, and now separated by the salt of tartar, overcoming the
force of the iron. And so you have heard from two examples, how in
the coction of the separation gold may be drawn out of the lead by
tin and iron, and that therefore there is need, that gold be separated
by the Antimonial Regulus out of the aforesaid metals, and not by
lead, if you would extract the true substance with gain.
N. B. Gold may likewise be separated out of the glass of lead
(being first dissolved with the ashes of tin) with coal dust, adding it
in the flux and stirring it with an iron wier; and also with common
sulphur, by burning it on it: but the aforesaid way with iron, is to be
preferred before those two which spoyl the gold, &c. wherefore the
remaining dross is to be gathered, which by some abstracting
furnace by other means may be tryed, for to recover the spoyled or
lost gold and silver.
And all these are alleadged to demonstrate that the gold in tin and
iron is to be separated by the Antimonial Regulus, and not by Lead.

But how this separation may be perfected, you shall hear in the third
part, where we will treat of lead, explained by Paracelsus, in his
book called Cœlum Philosophorum, and other artificial Chymical
labours: wherefore here we omit it, being superfluous to handle one
thing in divers places. In the mean while exercise thy self in lesser
things, that thou maist be more fit for greater when they shall be set
forth. But wonder not at my liberality in publishing so great secrets,
for I have reasons for it. Such a burden is too much for me alone,
neither doth it profit the Covetous to sell his goods to them which
keep not their words, nor pay the money, after they have obtained
their art, which hath hapned to me. Wherefore I have determined to
communicate some secrets to all the world indifferently, that the
poor may receive some profit by them; knowing that though I write
plainly, yet that all will not at the first view obtain their desires. For
some are so dull, that they cannot imitate a work though often seen.
For some have often visited me, to see my new manner of distilling,
which though it was sufficiently demonstrated to the eye, yet they
could not imitate it, till with often perusals at length they have found
the right path. Others have left it as too hard a work, when it would
not presently succeed, which if it hapned to those who had an ocular
demonstration, how much more difficult will it be and hard to them
who have nothing but what they have heard or read. Wherefore I
am certain, that though I should publish every one of my secrets,
yet could they not be performed by all men, my coals and materials
being left sufficing for my necessity. Wherefore I fear not to publish,
the next opportunity offered, divers profitable and excellent secrets,
viz. in favour of all and every one.
As for that spirit of salt necessary to this work, you may find it in
the first part of my Philosophical Furnaces corrected and amended;
but the way of separation in the fourth part.
And so I finish this work, being published in favour of those who
by war (though honest men) are reduced to poverty. But what things
are deficient in this little tract shall (God willing) be delivered in the
next (which shall follow in a short time) largely and clearly without
fraud.

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W
T H E
S E C O N D P A R T
O F T H E
Mineral Work.
Of the Birth and Original of Metals and Minerals, viz. How they are
produced by the Starrs, and take to themselves a body out of
the Water and Earth, and are found in a sundry shape. Written
and brought to light for the sake of the Diligent Searchers of
Nature.
A Preface to the Reader.
Courteous Reader,
hereas in a former little Book, lately by me published, I
mentioned this little Tract of the Generation of Metals, and
through want of time, could not hitherto make it publick,
although earnestly desired by men of the meanest and highest
condition: I have now determined to spare so much time from my
other Imployments, as to do this Work for the publick good, no ways
doubting, but that (although this my opinion of the Generation of
Metals, doth not agree with all the Philosophers) yet will it get credit
from, and the assent of not a few quick-sighted men.
That which I here declare, I do not exhibit it with flattering words,
or many circumstances, or the testimonies of other Writings, but
with a naked and genuin simplicity; for which very cause I would not
make this little Tract too prolix, but have unfolded my mind with the

most Compendious stile that I could. But let none think that I
endeavour to weaken and nullifie the Opinions of other men
concerning the Generations of Metals, and obtrude mine in the
World, no, not in the least: I leave to every man his free will, and
the Liberty of viewing others, who have written Monuments of this
thing, and of comparing of them with my writings, that he may
evidently perceive which of the two Corresponds most with Nature
and Truth: I aim not at any Honour hereby, as if I were wiser than
the common sort: Nor do I reap any benefit by making this little
Book, but ’tis done only for this end and purpose, That (because I
have formerly written of Metalline things, and have also made
mention of this little Tract of the Birth and Nativity of them) I may
give light unto my Writings, and render them more easie to be
understood; for I should most bitterly suffer, if but one only should
be lead into errour by my Writings, but I trust that the light is
springing up unto many, by the guidance whereof they will more
cautiously handle than hitherto they have done. Let the Benign and
Merciful God, our Father of all things, of whose Wonders the Heaven
and Earth are full, give unto His poor needy Children that which may
tend to the Glory of His most holy Name, and to our health.

T
O F T H E
Birth and Nativity
O F
M E T A L S.
here have alwaies been many, and various Opinions concerning
the Original of Metals and Minerals, to wit, of what matter
they are first of all generated in the Bowels of the Earth; and
how come to such a fixity, insomuch, that a young Beginner in this
hard Science, hath been in suspence; which of them he should
assent unto, and by what Phylosophy he should direct his course.
And whereas, throughout the whole Universe in so many Nations,
there are so many men, both of high and low degree, as well
Learned as unlearned, who busily seek at this day, to get their
Felicity from the Metals; and whereas, without the true Knowledge
of them, nothing at all of profit can be had (for by what means I
pray can any one convert any imperfect Metal into a better, if he be
ignorant of what Parts it is composed; into what Parts it is to be
resolved before that it can obtain a more Noble Form) and that the
Knowledge of their Generation is worthily necessary for their
Melioration; we will in a few words clearly evidence, What is to be
considered as to their Nativity. Although the whole Company of
Phylosophers do almost unanimously testify, (but yet in succinct,
obscure, and ænigmatical Terms) That Metals receive their
Generation from above, by the force of the Stars, and are produced

in the bowels of the Earth; yet some there are, who contend very
ignorantly, and affirm, that Metals have not any seed at all, as other
Animal, and Vegetable things have; and that (upon this account they
have no propogating faculty, but were produced such in the belly of
the Earth, by G O D in the first Creation of things). But this Deceit is
too gross, and palpable, and may be met withal most easily, by daily
experience, declaring the contrary. For when being found in the
Earth, they are by the Miners brought to light, we abundantly, and
ocularly perceive, that even now they daily grow, and will not cease
from this motion, unless rob’d of their Vegetable Vertue and Life, by
external Accidents, which very thing convinceth the Opinion of
Errour. Some there are, who teach that God, when he made the
World, did instil into the Matrix of the Earth, not the Metals
themselves, but their Seed only for its own propagation; which, if so,
then long ago, would this Seed have afforded a new harvest of it self
(of which, no footsteps are any where extant) by its own absolute
Vegetation. Know therefore, that the manner of the Metallick Seed is
far different from that of the vegetable and animal Seeds, which are
perceptible to the sence of sight and feeling.
For the Metals are not all together created in the beginning of
things, but begotten in length of time, out of the bosome of the
Elements; and on them, being created by the Omnipotent G O D, is
this Command injoyned, and this Power implanted, that they should
give growth to all things, by their Vertue and Efficacy; for
accomplishing of which thing, the one cannot in the least want the
Company of the other.
For the Stars or Elements of Fire, delivers out the metalline Seed
out of its own bowels; which the air carries down into the Water,
that it may adapt to it self, a palpable form or body, which the Earth
(embraceing it) doth cherish, nourish, and augment from form to
form, until it comes to be a perfect Metal, which it (at length) brings
forth into the light, as a Mother doth her mature young one; which
Conception and Generation of the Metals, taking its Original at the
very beginning of the World, will alwaies continue even unto its
Dissolution.

For by the efficacy of the Elements, new things are from thence
generated, and contrarily, old things are destroyed; which thing is
not only done in Metals, but most apparently in Vegetables and
Animals: for none can deny, but that various Hearbs, and little
Animals are produced upon this Stage, by the alone vertue of the
Elements, without planting of the Herbs; and without the Seed of
the Animals, which to pursue, I could lay down many Documents,
were it needful, but ’tis altogether needless, to say any thing of that,
of which none are ignorant. And now, who will not believe, but that
the same may be done in Metallicks. God Omnipotent hath
implanted in the Starrs, or Element of Fire, the vivifying prolifick and
seminal vertue of all things, which power it doth not keep shut up
within it self, but sends and lets it down by Divine appointment into
the earths center, by mediation of the air and the water; which fiery
beams cease not, by reason of their implanted impulse and vertue,
to go forward, until they do at last meet with a place, beyond which
it is impossible for them to go, nor can they stay there any longer,
but leaping back from the center unto the circumference, are
dispersed throughout the whole earth, cherishing and impregnating
it: which thing, unless it were done, and those sidereal vertues
should remain in the center of the earth, and never flow upwards,
nothing at all would grow upon the Earth. But because heat, and
whatsoever is of the fire, is endowed with this nature, to go forward
as far as it can, and where it can go no farther, ’tis struck back, and
leaps from the center to the Superfices; which thing is evident in a
burning-glass, whereinto when the Solar beams fall, and cannot
penetrate the compact and polisht metal, they are dispersedly forced
backwards, and in those fiery beams, whilst (every where) they leap
back, do in the porosity of the earth snatch up, as it were, a fat
humidity, adheres thereto, and by mutual mixtion are coagulated
into a certain palpable Essence, out of which, according to the purity
or impurity of the place, a pure, or an impure metal is with length of
time produced; because a metal doth not presently become ripe in
the same moment of time, but the Seed of the Metal is by little and
little nourished and increased in the matrix of the earth, with the
heat of the central fire, until it attains its perfection.

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